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Microorganisms
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Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Species against Plant Pathogens
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Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Species against Plant Pathogens

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Microbe Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 10804

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. José Carlos Tavares Carvalho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapa, Brazil
Interests: anti-inflammatory; analgesic; anti-ulcer; herbal; essential oils; natural products
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are several complex ascomycete fungi genera, such as Fusarium, which are considered to be phytopathogens of agricultural relevance. Controlling fungal infections has become a major challenge for many researchers and institutions around the world, as these infections can lead to the loss of large crops, impacting the production of food and raw materials for industrial use. The economic losses, associated with the new thinking of environmental preservation and unique health in relation to chemical products in disease control, are shifting the focus with great interest to the application of biocontrol methods to control these fungi. Therefore, this Special Issue on the Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Species against Plant Pathogens will cover a wide range of research areas related to antifungal activity, including but not limited to the following:

  • Traditional methods used against plant pathogens;
  • Endophytic fungi and metabolites against plant pathogens;
  • Pharmacological validation and standardized plant derivatives to plant pathogens;
  • In silico studies with compounds against plant pathogens;
  • Studies of standardized antifungal substances in alternative models;
  • Phytochemical studies of antifungals against plant pathogens.

All manuscripts within these themes are very welcome, and those submitted will be carefully processed for publication in Microorganisms.

Prof. Dr. José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • endophytic fungi
  • metabolites
  • plant pathogens
  • Bacillus

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2691 KiB  
Article
Agro Active Potential of Bacillus subtilis PE7 against Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.), the Causal Agent of Gummy Stem Blight of Cucumis melo
by Seo Kyoung Jeong, Seong Eun Han, Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan, Woo Jin Jung, Chaw Ei Htwe Maung and Kil Yong Kim
Microorganisms 2024, 12(8), 1691; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081691 - 16 Aug 2024
Viewed by 774
Abstract
Microbial agents such as the Bacillus species are recognized for their role as biocontrol agents against various phytopathogens through the production of diverse bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis PE7 in inhibiting the growth of Didymella bryoniae, the [...] Read more.
Microbial agents such as the Bacillus species are recognized for their role as biocontrol agents against various phytopathogens through the production of diverse bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis PE7 in inhibiting the growth of Didymella bryoniae, the pathogen responsible for gummy stem blight (GSB) in cucurbits. Dual culture assays demonstrate significant antifungal activity of strain PE7 against D. bryoniae. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by strain PE7 effectively impede mycelial formation in D. bryoniae, resulting in a high inhibition rate. Light microscopy revealed that D. bryoniae hyphae exposed to VOCs exhibited abnormal morphology, including swelling and excessive branching. Supplementing a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium with a 30% B. subtilis PE7 culture filtrate significantly decreased mycelial growth. Moreover, combining a 30% culture filtrate with half the recommended concentration of a chemical fungicide yielded a more potent antifungal effect than using the full fungicide concentration alone, inducing dense mycelial formation and irregular hyphal morphology in D. bryoniae. Strain PE7 was highly resilient and was able to survive in fungicide solutions. Additionally, B. subtilis PE7 enhanced the nutrient content, growth, and development of melon plants while mitigating the severity of GSB compared to fungicide and fertilizer treatments. These findings highlight B. subtilis PE7 as a promising biocontrol candidate for integrated disease management in crop production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Species against Plant Pathogens)
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20 pages, 7226 KiB  
Article
The Imperative Use of Bacillus Consortium and Quercetin Contributes to Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease by Direct Antagonism and Induced Resistance
by Ali Hassan, Waheed Akram, Humaira Rizwana, Zill-e-Huma Aftab, Sana Hanif, Tehmina Anjum and Mona S. Alwahibi
Microorganisms 2023, 11(10), 2603; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102603 - 21 Oct 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1722
Abstract
Fusarium wilt diseases severely influence the growth and productivity of numerous crop plants. The consortium of antagonistic rhizospheric Bacillus strains and quercetin were evaluated imperatively as a possible remedy to effectively manage the Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants. The selection of Bacillus [...] Read more.
Fusarium wilt diseases severely influence the growth and productivity of numerous crop plants. The consortium of antagonistic rhizospheric Bacillus strains and quercetin were evaluated imperatively as a possible remedy to effectively manage the Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants. The selection of Bacillus strains was made based on in-vitro antagonistic bioassays against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycoprsici (FOL). Quercetin was selected after screening a library of phytochemicals during in-silico molecular docking analysis using tomato LysM receptor kinases “SILKY12” based on its dual role in symbiosis and plant defense responses. After the selection of test materials, pot trials were conducted where tomato plants were provided consortium of Bacillus strains as soil drenching and quercetin as a foliar spray in different concentrations. The combined application of consortium (Bacillus velezensis strain BS6, Bacillus thuringiensis strain BS7, Bacillus fortis strain BS9) and quercetin (1.0 mM) reduced the Fusarium wilt disease index up to 69%, also resulting in increased plant growth attributes. Likewise, the imperative application of the Bacillus consortium and quercetin (1.0 mM) significantly increased total phenolic contents and activities of the enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed to investigate the perturbation in metabolites. FOL pathogen negatively affected a range of metabolites including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenylpropanoids, and organic acids. Thereinto, combined treatment of Bacillus consortium and quercetin (1.0 mM) ameliorated the production of different metabolites in tomato plants. These findings prove the imperative use of Bacillus consortium and quercetin as an effective and sustainable remedy to manage Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants and to promote the growth of tomato plants under pathogen stress conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Species against Plant Pathogens)
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12 pages, 4513 KiB  
Article
Antifungal Activity of Industrial Bacillus Strains against Mycogone perniciosa, the Causative Agent of Wet Bubble Disease in White Button Mushrooms
by Irina Novikova and Julia Titova
Microorganisms 2023, 11(8), 2056; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082056 - 10 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1371
Abstract
White button mushrooms yield instability in artificial cultivation, often caused by crop diseases. The main disease is wet bubble disease. The appearance of its causative agent, M. perniciosa, may lead to total yield loss. The microbiocontrol of M. perniciosa is focused on [...] Read more.
White button mushrooms yield instability in artificial cultivation, often caused by crop diseases. The main disease is wet bubble disease. The appearance of its causative agent, M. perniciosa, may lead to total yield loss. The microbiocontrol of M. perniciosa is focused on casing soil antagonist use. Since no industrial producer strains of polyfunctional biologics have been used in previous studies, our research goal was to characterize the effect of B. subtilis B-10 and M-22 on a mycopathogen and reveal its control possibilities. The reason for B. subtilis B-10 and M-22 use in mycopathogen control has been revealed by interactions between producer strains and the studying of M. perniciosa. The suppression of M. perniciosa development by producer strains was established, indicating a prolonged B-10 and M-22 effect on the mycopathogen. High biological efficacy in both strains at the early stages of mycopathogen development upon introducing them into the wells and spraying was shown: B-10—50.9–99.6% and M-22—57.5–99.2%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Significant differences between producer strains were not revealed, although during the first day of exposure to developed M. perniciosa colonies, M-22 showed greater activity. The high efficiency of preventive treatment when producer strains completely suppressed mycoparasite development permits us to recommend them both for introducing when preparing casing for M. perniciosa control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Species against Plant Pathogens)
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18 pages, 3849 KiB  
Article
Suppressive Effects of Volatile Compounds from Bacillus spp. on Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) Pathotype, Causal Agent of Wheat Blast
by Musrat Zahan Surovy, Shahinoor Rahman, Michael Rostás, Tofazzal Islam and Andreas von Tiedemann
Microorganisms 2023, 11(5), 1291; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051291 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2950
Abstract
The Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype is the causal agent of wheat blast, which has caused significant economic losses and threatens wheat production in South America, Asia, and Africa. Three bacterial strains from rice and wheat seeds (B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis [...] Read more.
The Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype is the causal agent of wheat blast, which has caused significant economic losses and threatens wheat production in South America, Asia, and Africa. Three bacterial strains from rice and wheat seeds (B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and B. velezensis BTLK6A) were used to explore the antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Bacillus spp. as a potential biocontrol mechanism against MoT. All bacterial treatments significantly inhibited both the mycelial growth and sporulation of MoT in vitro. We found that this inhibition was caused by Bacillus VOCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, biocontrol assays using detached wheat leaves infected with MoT showed reduced leaf lesions and sporulation compared to the untreated control. VOCs from B. velezensis BTS-4 alone or a consortium (mixture of B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and B. velezensis BTLK6A) of treatments consistently suppressed MoT in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the untreated control, VOCs from BTS-4 and the Bacillus consortium reduced MoT lesions in vivo by 85% and 81.25%, respectively. A total of thirty-nine VOCs (from nine different VOC groups) from four Bacillus treatments were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), of which 11 were produced in all Bacillus treatments. Alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, aldehydes, and S-containing compounds were detected in all four bacterial treatments. In vitro assays using pure VOCs revealed that hexanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and phenylethyl alcohol are potential VOCs emitted by Bacillus spp. that are suppressive for MoT. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for MoT sporulation were 250 mM for phenylethyl alcohol and 500 mM for 2-methylbutanoic acid and hexanoic acid. Therefore, our results indicate that VOCs from Bacillus spp. are effective compounds to suppress the growth and sporulation of MoT. Understanding the MoT sporulation reduction mechanisms exerted by Bacillus VOCs may provide novel options to manage the further spread of wheat blast by spores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Species against Plant Pathogens)
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18 pages, 2703 KiB  
Article
Antifungal Activity and Plant Growth-Promoting Properties of Bacillus mojovensis B1302 against Rhizoctonia Cerealis
by Yanjie Yi, Pengyu Luan, Kang Wang, Guiling Li, Yanan Yin, Yanhui Yang, Qingyao Zhang and Yang Liu
Microorganisms 2022, 10(8), 1682; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081682 - 20 Aug 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2925
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is a worldwide soil-borne pathogenic fungus that significantly infects wheat and causes sharp eyespot in China. However, the biocontrol strains used for the control of Rhizoctonia cerealis are insufficient. In the present study, antagonistic strain B1302 from the rhizosphere of wheat [...] Read more.
Rhizoctonia cerealis is a worldwide soil-borne pathogenic fungus that significantly infects wheat and causes sharp eyespot in China. However, the biocontrol strains used for the control of Rhizoctonia cerealis are insufficient. In the present study, antagonistic strain B1302 from the rhizosphere of wheat were isolated and identified as Bacillus mojovensis based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, and their 16S rDNA sequence. Culture filtrate of strain B1302 had a broad antifungal spectrum. In order to improve the antifungal activity of B1302, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the culture conditions. The final medium composition and culture conditions were 13.2 g/L of wheat bran, 14.1 g/L of soybean meal, 224 r/min of rotation speed, 7.50 of initial pH, and 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL of inoculation amount at 35 °C for a culture duration of 72 h. B. mojavensis B1302 inhibited the hyphae growth of R.cerealis and produced hydrolytic enzymes (protease, chitinase, and glucanase), IAA, and had N-fixing potentiality and P-solubilisation capacity. It can also promote wheat seedling growth in potted plants. The disease incidence and index of wheat seedlings were consistent with the effect of commercial pesticides under treatment with culture filtrate. The biocontrol efficacy of culture filtrate was significant—up to 65.25%. An animal toxicological safety analysis suggested that culture filtrate was safe for use and could be developed into an effective microbial fungicide to control wheat sharp eyespot. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Activity of Bacillus Species against Plant Pathogens)
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