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Microorganisms
Special Issues
HIV and Other Viral Co-Infections
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HIV and Other Viral Co-Infections

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2022) | Viewed by 9223

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eva Poveda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Group of Virology and Pathogenesis, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36213 Vigo, Spain
Interests: HIV/AIDS; SARS-CoV-2/COVID19; Viral hepatitis; pathogenesis; HIV drug resistance; molecular epidemiology; extracellular vesicles (EVs)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my absolute pleasure to introduce the new Special Issue on “HIV and Other Viral coinfections” of the Section Virology of our journal. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive update on viral coinfections in people living with HIV (PLWH), addressing new insights on epidemiological, virological, and pathogenesis and clinical management aspects.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents a major public health challenge. It is estimated that 37.7 million people are currently living with HIV, and nearly 1 million people died from HIV-related causes and 1.5 million acquired HIV in 2020. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a dramatic reduction in morbidity and mortality related to HIV infection, and current combinations of ART achieve durable suppression of HIV replication, accompanied by recovery and preservation of the immune system, ART does not eradicate the latent viral reservoir established during infection, which is a barrier to HIV cure. Moreover, many people living with HIV or at high risk for HIV infection still do not have access to prevention, treatment, and care, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Viral coinfections are common in PLWH, particularly, for those sharing the same route of transmission. Some coinfections can be silent and do not cause any significant impact on HIV outcome, but others can seriously affect the natural history of HIV and vice versa, leading to a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Hence, in this context, it is relevant to review the advances in the scientific knowledge and the new challenges we are facing to optimize the prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management for PLWH.

Therefore, you are kindly invited to contribute with original papers, short communications, and review articles highlighting the latest and more relevant information available in this field.

Dr. Eva Poveda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  • Viral coinfections
  • Epidemiology
  • Pathogenesis
  • Treatment
  • Clinical management
  • HIV and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection
  • HIV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection
  • HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV) coinfection
  • HIV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection
  • HIV and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 coinfection
  • Viral coinfections in low- and middle-income countries

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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22 pages, 6140 KiB  
Review
Update on the Epidemiological Features and Clinical Implications of Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Coinfection
by Alexandre Pérez-González, Edward Cachay, Antonio Ocampo and Eva Poveda
Microorganisms 2022, 10(5), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051047 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5200
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Although most HPV infections will spontaneously resolve, a considerable proportion of them will persist, increasing the risk of anogenital dysplasia, especially within certain populations, such as patients infected with human [...] Read more.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Although most HPV infections will spontaneously resolve, a considerable proportion of them will persist, increasing the risk of anogenital dysplasia, especially within certain populations, such as patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, high-risk oncogenic HPV types (HR-HPV) are the main cause of cervix and other anogenital cancers, such as cancer of the vagina, vulva, penis, or anus. HIV and HPV coinfection is common among people living with HIV (PLWH) but disproportionally affects men who have sex with men (MSM) for whom the rate of persistent HPV infection and reinfection is noteworthy. The molecular interactions between HIV and HPV, as well as the interplay between both viruses and the immune system, are increasingly being understood. The immune dysfunction induced by HIV infection impairs the rate of HPV clearance and increases its oncogenic risk. Despite the availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence of several HPV-related cancers is higher in PLWH, and the burden of persistent HPV-related disease has become a significant concern in an aging HIV population. Several public health strategies have been developed to reduce the transmission of HIV and HPV and mitigate the consequences of this type of coinfection. Universal HPV vaccination is the most effective preventive tool to reduce the incidence of HPV disease. In addition, screening programs for HPV-related cervical and vulvovaginal diseases in women are well-recognized strategies to prevent cervical cancer. Similarly, anal dysplasia screening programs are being implemented worldwide for the prevention of anal cancer among PLWH. Herein, the main epidemiological features and clinical implications of HIV and HPV coinfection are reviewed, focusing mainly on the relationship between HIV immune status and HPV-related diseases and the current strategies used to reduce the burden of HPV-related disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV and Other Viral Co-Infections)
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14 pages, 2036 KiB  
Case Report
SARS-CoV-2 Evolution and Spike-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Response in Persistent COVID-19 with Severe HIV Immune Suppression
by Hortensia Álvarez, Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos, Pedro Miguel Juiz-González, Joana Vitallé, Irene Viéitez, María del Carmen Vázquez-Friol, Isabel Torres-Beceiro, Alberto Pérez-Gómez, Pilar Gallego-García, Nuria Estévez-Gómez, Loretta De Chiara, Eva Poveda, David Posada and Josep M. Llibre
Microorganisms 2022, 10(1), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010143 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3412
Abstract
Intra-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in cases with persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we describe a severely immunosuppressed individual with HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection with a long-term course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A 28-year-old man [...] Read more.
Intra-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in cases with persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we describe a severely immunosuppressed individual with HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection with a long-term course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A 28-year-old man was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection (CD4+ count: 3 cells/µL nd 563000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) and simultaneous Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection and SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positivity from nasopharyngeal samples was prolonged for 15 weeks. SARS-CoV-2 was identified as variant Alpha (PANGO lineage B.1.1.7) with mutation S:E484K. Spike-specific T-cell response was similar to HIV-negative controls although enriched in IL-2, and showed disproportionately increased immunological exhaustion marker levels. Despite persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection, adaptive intra-host SARS-CoV-2 evolution, was not identified. Spike-specific T-cell response protected against a severe COVID-19 outcome and the increased immunological exhaustion marker levels might have favoured SARS-CoV-2 persistence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV and Other Viral Co-Infections)
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