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Ionic Liquids in Chemical Separations: Promise and Prospects

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2019) | Viewed by 15566

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institut Mines Telecom - Mines Ales, C2MA - Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès, Polymères, Hybrides et Composites (PCH), 6, Avenue de Clavières, CEDEX, F30319 Alès, France
Interests: biopolymers (alginate, chitosan); interactions of sorbents/biosorbents with metal ions (wastewater treatment and valorization of mineral resources); bio-based advanced materials (heterogeneous catalysis, antimicrobial surfaces, fire-retardant properties); shaping and conditioning of biopolymers
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Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
Interests: chemical separations; metal ions; environmentally benign solvents; ionic liquids; deep eutectic solvents; radiochemical analysis; nuclear fuel reprocessing; nuclear waste treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For more than two decades, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted considerable attention from the research community, a result of their wide range of potential applications, their enormous structural diversity (made possible by the availability of a nearly infinite variety of cations and anions), and their many useful physicochemical properties (e.g., low vapor pressure, electrical conductivity, and wide liquid range).

Among the many fields that have benefited from the remarkable characteristics of these “solvents of the future” are homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, battery and fuel cell development, organic synthesis, and chemical sensor design.   Ionic liquids have also been of particular interest in the field of separations, both in terms of their fundamental aspects and their practical applications. Today, work in this area spans such varied techniques as liquid-liquid extraction for product recovery and waste-treatment applications, liquid membranes for the capture of organic or inorganic solutes, and analytical-scale chromatographic systems. Closely related are efforts to develop new ionic liquid-based composite materials, in which, for example, a structured support is impregnated with an ionic liquid or its mixture with an extractant to yield novel, selective sorbents.

With this as background, it is our pleasure to invite you to contribute to a Special Issue of the journal Molecules focused on the fundamental and applied aspects of ionic liquids as they relate to chemical separations. Our objective is to create a forum for the sharing of information on the most recent developments in the fields of materials science, chemical engineering, and analytical chemistry, with emphasis on their impact on the applications of ILs in separations science. Contributions may be full papers, communications, or reviews. Questions concerning the suitability of a particular topic for a contribution should be directed to the Guest Editors indicated below.

We thank you in advance for your willingness to share your insights with the readers of Molecules.

Dr. Eric Guibal
Prof. Mark L. Dietz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 412 KiB  
Article
Facilitated Chromium(VI) Transport across an Ionic Liquid Membrane Impregnated with Cyphos IL102
by Francisco Jose Alguacil
Molecules 2019, 24(13), 2437; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132437 - 2 Jul 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2414
Abstract
Chromium(VI) is a well-known hazardous element, thus, its removal from aqueous sources is of a general concern. Among the technologies used for the removal of this type of toxic elements, liquid membranes are gaining in importance and the same has occurred with the [...] Read more.
Chromium(VI) is a well-known hazardous element, thus, its removal from aqueous sources is of a general concern. Among the technologies used for the removal of this type of toxic elements, liquid membranes are gaining in importance and the same has occurred with the use of ionic liquids, considered for many, due to their properties, as green solvents. Thus, the present work joined the three previous points, presenting an experimental study about the removal of chromium(VI) by the use of a liquid membrane operation which used the commercially available Cyphos IL102 ionic liquid as a carrier. The experimental variables included: the stirring speed applied to the feed and receiving solution (a key-parameter to gain maximum transport), acid, chromium(VI), sodium hydroxide and Cyphos IL102 concentrations in their various phases. Additionally, the performance of the present system was evaluated both against the presence of other metals in solution and other carriers. The experimental results confirmed that Cyphos IL102 is a good carrier for chromium(VI) transport and, thus, its removal from aqueous streams, and it also performed well in the presence of accompanying metals and against the performance of other commercially available carriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids in Chemical Separations: Promise and Prospects)
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10 pages, 2440 KiB  
Article
Rh(III) Aqueous Speciation with Chloride as a Driver for Its Extraction by Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquids
by Lenka Svecova, Nicolas Papaïconomou and Isabelle Billard
Molecules 2019, 24(7), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071391 - 9 Apr 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3858
Abstract
In this work, the aqueous speciation of Rh(III) in chloride medium was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy for ligand to metal ratios R = (Cl)/(Rh) ranging from 300 to 5000, at fixed Rh concentration (2.4 × 10−3 M). Under the chemical [...] Read more.
In this work, the aqueous speciation of Rh(III) in chloride medium was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy for ligand to metal ratios R = (Cl)/(Rh) ranging from 300 to 5000, at fixed Rh concentration (2.4 × 10−3 M). Under the chemical conditions of this work, no time evolution was observed, which allows for the fitting of the UV-vis data by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multi-Curve Resolution (MCR). From this, and by comparison with literature data, the three independent species [RhCl4], [RhCl5]2− and [RhCl6]3− were identified, their individual absorption spectra derived and their respective contribution to the collected experimental UV-vis spectra calculated. Then, extraction of Rh(III) towards the ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride was performed. Comparison with the speciation data gives insight into the extraction mechanism and the extracted species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids in Chemical Separations: Promise and Prospects)
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10 pages, 567 KiB  
Article
Extraction of Acids and Bases from Aqueous Phase to a Pseudoprotic Ionic Liquid
by Nikolas Patsos, Karin Lewis, Francesco Picchioni and Mark N. Kobrak
Molecules 2019, 24(5), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050894 - 4 Mar 2019
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4999
Abstract
We report experiments on the extraction of acids and bases from an aqueous phase to a pseudoprotic ionic liquid phase consisting of an equimolar mixture of trihexylamine and octanoic acid. We observed the extraction of a wide range of acids and bases, and [...] Read more.
We report experiments on the extraction of acids and bases from an aqueous phase to a pseudoprotic ionic liquid phase consisting of an equimolar mixture of trihexylamine and octanoic acid. We observed the extraction of a wide range of acids and bases, and investigated the mechanism of extraction in detail. Our results confirmed the observation of the Hofmeister effect in these systems reported in our previous work, where the extent of the extraction of copper salts was significantly influenced by the interactions between extracted inorganic anions and the organic phase. Our results further demonstrated that the organic layer served as a “floating buffer” capable of stabilizing the pH of an acidic or alkaline aqueous phase. The results tie current interest in protic and pseudoprotic ionic liquids to earlier work on the extraction of acids using amine and acid–base couples as extraction agents in an inert organic solvent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids in Chemical Separations: Promise and Prospects)
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15 pages, 1088 KiB  
Article
Rapid and Sensitive Analysis of Volatile Components of Different Parts of Clausena lansium by Ionic Liquid Based Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
by Xiaowen He, Yinzheng Ma, Guohui Yi, Yingying Wen, Yunxia Zhang, Haiying Zhang and Lantong Zhang
Molecules 2019, 24(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010091 - 27 Dec 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3465
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive ionic liquid (IL) based headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method was developed for analyzing volatile components in leaf, pericarp, and seed of Clausena lansium from different areas in Hainan Province, China. HS efficiencies were carefully investigated by using three [...] Read more.
A rapid and sensitive ionic liquid (IL) based headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method was developed for analyzing volatile components in leaf, pericarp, and seed of Clausena lansium from different areas in Hainan Province, China. HS efficiencies were carefully investigated by using three ILs and water as matrix media. Extraction parameters, including equilibrium temperature, equilibrium time, and stirring rate had been evaluated and optimized by using an orthogonal design with OA9(33) table. Under the optimized condition of IL-based HS-GC-MS, only 100 mg of sample and 2 mL of [Bmim][BF4] were needed to comprehensively and accurately analyze the volatile components in Clausena lansium. By utilizing a cluster analysis, six clusters were obtained for ninety components. This method was simpler, more rapid, and more sensitive when compared with previously reported methods for analyzing and identifying volatile components in Clausena lansium. The results may provide a theoretical basis for further exploitation of Clausena lansium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids in Chemical Separations: Promise and Prospects)
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