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Molecules
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Flavonoids and Xanthones: Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, and Biological Activities
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Flavonoids and Xanthones: Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, and Biological Activities

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 7577

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tsukasa Iwashina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
Interests: flavonoids; natural products; anthocyanins; flower colors; flavonoid function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Flavonoids are commonly reported from angiosperms, gymnosperms, ferns, and mosses as well as a few fungi and algae, and ca. 10,000 kinds are found as natural compounds. They are divided into an assortment of classes, including anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, dihydroflavonols, chalcones, aurones, flavans, and proanthocyanidins; they are found in most plant parts, e.g., flowers, leaves, roots, stems, buds, and seedlings and seeds, and act as antioxidants, UV shields, attractors of pollinators, flower colors, oviposition stimulants, allelopathic agents, and phytoalexins in many plants. On the other hand, ca. 200 xanthones are reported from vascular plants, as well as fungi and lichens. However, flavonoids and xanthones have not been surveyed in many plant species. In this Special Issue, we will accept papers on flavonoid identification, new sources, chemotaxonomy or chemosystematics, and biological activities.

Dr. Tsukasa Iwashina
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • flavonoids
  • xanthones
  • natural products
  • chemosystematics
  • flower color
  • new source
  • chemical structures

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1569 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Screening for Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities of Hottonia palustris L. Extracts and Their Unusual Flavonoids
by Jakub W. Strawa, Katarzyna Jakimiuk, Zuzanna Kita and Michał Tomczyk
Molecules 2022, 27(22), 8034; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228034 - 19 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1789
Abstract
Hottonia palustris L. is from the genus Hottonia (Primulaceae), and the understanding of its phytochemical and pharmacological properties is limited. In this study, the use of chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of a further eleven compounds, including three new flavonoids: 2′,5-dihydroxyflavone 2′- [...] Read more.
Hottonia palustris L. is from the genus Hottonia (Primulaceae), and the understanding of its phytochemical and pharmacological properties is limited. In this study, the use of chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of a further eleven compounds, including three new flavonoids: 2′,5-dihydroxyflavone 2′-O-β-glucopyranoside, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone 6-O-(6”-O-glucopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside (hottonioside A), and 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-O-(2”-O-β-glucuronide)-β-glucopyranoside. Their structures were determined using extensive 1D and 2D NMR data and mass spectrometry (HRMS). The qualitative assessment of the chemical composition of the investigated extracts and fractions was performed using the LC-HRMS technique. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of extracts, fractions, and compounds and their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase were also evaluated. Thus, we may conclude that the observed biological effects are the result of the presence of many biologically active compounds, of which dibenzoylmethane is the most active. Therefore, H. palustris is a source of substances with desirable properties in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flavonoids and Xanthones: Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, and Biological Activities)
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14 pages, 727 KiB  
Article
Flavonoids from Sedum japonicum subsp. oryzifolium (Crassulaceae)
by Takayuki Mizuno, Nahoko Uchiyama, Seiji Tanaka, Takahisa Nakane, Hari Prasad Devkota, Kazumi Fujikawa, Nobuo Kawahara and Tsukasa Iwashina
Molecules 2022, 27(21), 7632; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217632 - 7 Nov 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2423
Abstract
Twenty-two flavonoids were isolated from the leaves and stems of Sedum japonicum subsp. oryzifolium (Crassulaceae). Of these compounds, five flavonoids were reported in nature for the first time, and identified as herbacetin 3-O-xyloside-8-O-glucoside, herbacetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-(2′′′-acetylxyloside), [...] Read more.
Twenty-two flavonoids were isolated from the leaves and stems of Sedum japonicum subsp. oryzifolium (Crassulaceae). Of these compounds, five flavonoids were reported in nature for the first time, and identified as herbacetin 3-O-xyloside-8-O-glucoside, herbacetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-(2′′′-acetylxyloside), gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-arabinoside, gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-(2′′′-acetylxyloside) and hibiscetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-arabinoside via UV, HR-MS, LC-MS, acid hydrolysis and NMR. Other seventeen known flavonoids were identified as herbacetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-arabinoside, herbacetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-xyloside, gossypetin 3-O-glucoside-8-O-xyloside, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3,7-di-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2)-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, myricetin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Some flavonol 3,8-di-O-glycosides were found in Sedum japonicum subsp. oryzifolium as major flavonoids in this survey. They were presumed to be the diagnostic flavonoids in the species. Flavonoids were reported from S. japonicum for the first time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flavonoids and Xanthones: Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, and Biological Activities)
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15 pages, 3057 KiB  
Article
Seed Priming with Devosia sp. Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) and Citrus Bioflavonoids Enhance Canola and Soybean Seed Germination
by Ateeq Shah, Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian and Donald L. Smith
Molecules 2022, 27(11), 3410; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113410 - 25 May 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2493
Abstract
Climate change, environmental pollution and associated abiotic stresses are beginning to meaningfully affect agricultural production worldwide. Salt stress is, however, one of the most important threats that significantly impairs plant growth and development. Plants in their early growth stages such as seed germination, [...] Read more.
Climate change, environmental pollution and associated abiotic stresses are beginning to meaningfully affect agricultural production worldwide. Salt stress is, however, one of the most important threats that significantly impairs plant growth and development. Plants in their early growth stages such as seed germination, seed emergence and early seedling growth are very sensitive to salt stress. Among the range of sustainable techniques adopted to improve seed germination and early plant growth is seed priming; however, with the use of ecofriendly substances, this is one of the most effective and economically viable techniques to improve seed tolerance against such environmental stresses. For instance, priming with appropriate non-synthetic compounds including microbial biostimulants are prominent ways to sustainably address these challenges. Therefore, in this research, by using the “priming technique”, two biostimulants were tested for their potential as sustainable approaches to improve canola and soybean seed germination under salt stress and optimal growth conditions. Canola and soybean seeds were primed with flavonoids extracted from citrus fruits (flavopriming) and cell-free supernatant (CFS; produced by a novel strain of Devosia sp.—SL43), alone and in combination, and exposed to low–higher levels of salt stress and ideal growth conditions. Both biostimulants showed promising effects by significantly improving seed germination of soybean and canola under both ideal and stressful conditions. However, increases in seed germination were greater under salinity stress as flavonoids and CFS with stress amelioration effects showed substantial and statistically significant improvements in seed germination under varying levels of salt stress. In addition, combinations (mixtures) of both biostimulants were tested to determine if their effects might be more additive or multiplicative than the individual applications. However, results suggested incompatibility of both biostimulants as none of the combinations showed better results than that of the individual applications of either flavonoids or CFS. Conceivably, the use of flavonoids and this novel Devosia sp. CFS could be significant plant growth enhancers, perhaps much better than the few other biostimulants and bacterial-based compounds currently in use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flavonoids and Xanthones: Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, and Biological Activities)
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