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Sustainable Approaches to Natural Product-Inspired Drug Discovery and Development

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 21461

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: biomaterials; natural polymers; polyphenols; lignin; tannin; micro- and nanovesicles; nanoparticles; nanofibers; targeted delivery; structure elucidation; synthetic chemistry; flow chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples, Italy
Interests: medicinal chemistry; drug discovery; drug repurposing/repositioning; structure–activity relationships; antiviral agents; antibacterials; anticancer agents; protease inhibitors; therapeutics for rare diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pressing environmental concerns and the general quest for more sustainable approaches in research and development are also affecting the field of drug discovery and development. Combining natural product-inspired discovery and development of actives and active formulations with approaches that adhere to ‘greener’ concepts and efficient use of renewable resources and energy represents a valuable future-oriented option in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. These approaches hold the promise to promote a substantial and cutting-edge change in the pharmaceutical industry.

We firmly believe that ‘nature knows best’, and we invite everyone involved in sustainable approaches to natural product-inspired drug discovery and development to share their latest conceptual findings and results. Rather than compiling a Special Issue that reads like a mere continuation of mainstream works, we would like to use the open access platform offered by Molecules to broadcast innovative, sustainable, natural-product-inspired strategies to drug discovery or design. Further, we aim at unveiling unconventional approaches and solutions in this field, including sustainable routes to standard or innovative drug formulations.

Dr. Heiko Lange
Dr. Margherita Brindisi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Natural products
  • Natural polymers
  • Drug discovery
  • Drug development
  • Drug delivery
  • Nature-inspired
  • Sustainability
  • Biomimetic

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 3497 KiB  
Article
Linum corymbulosum Protects Rats against CCl4-Induced Hepatic Injuries through Modulation of an Unfolded Protein Response Pathway and Pro-Inflammatory Intermediates
by Riffat Batool, Muhammad Rashid Khan, Muhammad Umar Ijaz, Irum Naz, Afsheen Batool, Saima Ali, Zartash Zahra, Safia Gul, Mohammad N. Uddin, Mohsin Kazi and Raees Khan
Molecules 2023, 28(5), 2257; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052257 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a major pathological feature of chronic liver disease and effective therapies are limited at present. The present study focuses on the hepatoprotective potential of L. corymbulosum against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. Analysis of Linum [...] Read more.
Liver fibrosis is a major pathological feature of chronic liver disease and effective therapies are limited at present. The present study focuses on the hepatoprotective potential of L. corymbulosum against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats. Analysis of Linum corymbulosum methanol extract (LCM) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of rutin, apigenin, catechin, caffeic acid and myricetin. CCl4 administration lowered (p < 0.01) the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) content as well as soluble proteins, whereas the concentration of H2O2, nitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was higher in hepatic samples. In serum, the level of hepatic markers and total bilirubin was elevated followed by CCl4 administration. The expression of glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), x-box binding protein-1 total (XBP-1 t), x-box binding protein-1 spliced (XBP-1 s), x-box binding protein-1 unspliced (XBP-1 u) and glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) was enhanced in CCl4-administered rats. Similarly, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemo attractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was strongly increased with CCl4 administration to rats. Co-administration of LCM along with CCl4 to rats lowered (p < 0.05) the expression of the above genes. Histopathology of the liver showed hepatocyte injury, leukocyte infiltration and damaged central lobules in CCl4-treated rats. However, LCM administration to CCl4-intoxicated rats restored the altered parameters towards the levels of control rats. These outcomes indicate the existence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory constituents in the methanol extract of L. corymbulosum. Full article
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9 pages, 1862 KiB  
Article
Isosarcophytoxide Derivatives with a 2,5-Dihydrofuran Moiety from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton cinereum
by Chih-Hua Chao, Yuan-Jhong Wu, Tzu-Yin Huang, Chi-Jen Tai, Yi-Ju Chen, Chiung-Yao Huang, Chi-Chien Lin, Chang-Feng Dai, Hui-Chi Huang and Jyh-Horng Sheu
Molecules 2023, 28(2), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020641 - 8 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1710
Abstract
The present chemical investigation on the organic extract of the soft coral Sarcophyton cinereum has contributed to the isolation of four new cembranoids: 16β- and 16α-hydroperoxyisosarcophytoxides (1 and 2), 16β- and 16α-methoxyisosarcophytoxides ( [...] Read more.
The present chemical investigation on the organic extract of the soft coral Sarcophyton cinereum has contributed to the isolation of four new cembranoids: 16β- and 16α-hydroperoxyisosarcophytoxides (1 and 2), 16β- and 16α-methoxyisosarcophytoxides (3 and 4), and a known cembranoid, lobocrasol (5). The structures of all isolates were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Their structures were characterized by a 2,5-dihydrofuran moiety, of which the relative configuration was determined by DU8-based calculation for long-range coupling constants (4JH,H). The cytotoxicity and immunosuppressive activities of all isolates were evaluated in this study. Full article
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8 pages, 1588 KiB  
Communication
In Vitro Antimelanoma Properties of Verbena officinalis Fractions
by Rabia Nisar, Sanjay Adhikary, Saeed Ahmad and Mohammad Abrar Alam
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6329; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196329 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1953
Abstract
Verbena officinalis is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat many ailments. Extracts of this plant are therapeutic agents for the potential treatment of different diseases, including colorectal and liver cancers, but have not been explored for their anti-melanoma potential so far. The [...] Read more.
Verbena officinalis is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat many ailments. Extracts of this plant are therapeutic agents for the potential treatment of different diseases, including colorectal and liver cancers, but have not been explored for their anti-melanoma potential so far. The goal of the current work was to prepare a methanolic extract and fractionate it using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and acetone to get semi-purified products. These semi-purified fractions were studied for their potency against melanoma cell lines. The three potent fractions (HA, VO79, and EA3) demonstrated 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values as low as 2.85 µg/mL against the LOX IMVI cell line. All three fractions showed similar potency in inhibiting the growth of the B16 cells, a murine melanoma cell line. Based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data, for the first time, we report on lupulone A from this plant. LC-MS data also indicated the presence of hedergonic acid, serjanic acid, and other compounds in V. officinalis extracts. Full article
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19 pages, 10744 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Investigation of Flavanone Derivatives as Potential New Anti-Inflammatory Agents
by Cynthia Sinyeue, Mariko Matsui, Michael Oelgemöller, Frédérique Bregier, Vincent Chaleix, Vincent Sol and Nicolas Lebouvier
Molecules 2022, 27(6), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061781 - 9 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3440
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenols with broad known pharmacological properties. A series of 2,3-dihydroflavanone derivatives were thus synthesized and investigated for their anti-inflammatory activities. The target flavanones were prepared through cyclization of 2′-hydroxychalcone derivatives, the later obtained by Claisen–Schmidt condensation. Since nitric oxide (NO) represents [...] Read more.
Flavonoids are polyphenols with broad known pharmacological properties. A series of 2,3-dihydroflavanone derivatives were thus synthesized and investigated for their anti-inflammatory activities. The target flavanones were prepared through cyclization of 2′-hydroxychalcone derivatives, the later obtained by Claisen–Schmidt condensation. Since nitric oxide (NO) represents an important inflammatory mediator, the effects of various flavanones on the NO production in the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage were assessed in vitro using the Griess test. The most active compounds were flavanone (4G), 2′-carboxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavanone (4F), 4′-bromo-5,7-dimethoxy-flavanone (4D), and 2′-carboxyflavanone (4J), with IC50 values of 0.603, 0.906, 1.030, and 1.830 µg/mL, respectively. In comparison, pinocembrin achieved an IC50 value of 203.60 µg/mL. Thus, the derivatives synthesized in this work had a higher NO inhibition capacity compared to pinocembrin, demonstrating the importance of pharmacomodulation to improve the biological potential of natural molecules. SARs suggested that the use of a carboxyl-group in the meta-position of the B-ring increases biological activity, whereas compounds carrying halogen substituents in the para-position were less active. The addition of methoxy-groups in the meta-position of the A-ring somewhat decreased the activity. This study successfully identified new bioactive flavanones as promising candidates for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents. Full article
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Review

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19 pages, 312 KiB  
Review
Pickering Emulsions as Vehicles for Bioactive Compounds from Essential Oils
by Yana Cahyana, Yunita Safriliani Eka Putri, Dian Siti Solihah, Farrah Shabira Lutfi, Randah Miqbil Alqurashi and Herlina Marta
Molecules 2022, 27(22), 7872; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227872 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3320
Abstract
Pickering emulsions are emulsion systems stabilized by solid particles at the interface of oil and water. Pickering emulsions are considered to be natural, biodegradable, and safe, so their applications in various fields—such as food, cosmetics, biomedicine, etc.—are very promising, including as a vehicle [...] Read more.
Pickering emulsions are emulsion systems stabilized by solid particles at the interface of oil and water. Pickering emulsions are considered to be natural, biodegradable, and safe, so their applications in various fields—such as food, cosmetics, biomedicine, etc.—are very promising, including as a vehicle for essential oils (EOs). These oils contain volatile and aromatic compounds and have excellent properties, such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Despite their superior properties, EOs are prone to evaporation, decompose when exposed to light and oxygen, and have low solubility, limiting their industrial applications. Several studies have shown that EOs in Pickering emulsions displays less sensitivity to evaporation and oxidation, stronger antibacterial activity, and increased solubility. In brief, the application of Pickering emulsions for EOs is interesting to explore. This review discusses recent progress in the application of Pickering emulsions, particularly as EO carriers, drug carriers, antioxidant and antimicrobial carriers, and in active packaging. Full article
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28 pages, 6046 KiB  
Review
Catalytic Approaches to Multicomponent Reactions: A Critical Review and Perspectives on the Roles of Catalysis
by Brenno A. D. Neto, Rafael O. Rocha and Marcelo O. Rodrigues
Molecules 2022, 27(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010132 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 7588
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively describe catalyzed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and the multiple roles of catalysis combined with key parameters to perform these transformations. Besides improving yields and shortening reaction times, catalysis is vital to achieving greener protocols and to furthering the MCR [...] Read more.
In this review, we comprehensively describe catalyzed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and the multiple roles of catalysis combined with key parameters to perform these transformations. Besides improving yields and shortening reaction times, catalysis is vital to achieving greener protocols and to furthering the MCR field of research. Considering that MCRs typically have two or more possible reaction pathways to explain the transformation, catalysis is essential for selecting a reaction route and avoiding byproduct formation. Key parameters, such as temperature, catalyst amounts and reagent quantities, were analyzed. Solvent effects, which are likely the most neglected topic in MCRs, as well as their combined roles with catalysis, are critically discussed. Stereocontrolled MCRs, rarely observed without the presence of a catalytic system, are also presented and discussed in this review. Perspectives on the use of catalytic systems for improved and greener MCRs are finally presented. Full article
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