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Molecules
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Biomolecules of Natural Origin: Fundamentals and Applications
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Biomolecules of Natural Origin: Fundamentals and Applications

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 9493

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sergei Yu Zaǐtsev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region 142132, Russia
Interests: biomolecules; antioxidant; analytical methodologies for biomolecule; natural products; DNA and surfactants; feeding compounds for animals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Special Issue is focusing on the structure–function relationships of various biomolecules of natural origin (i.e. obtained from blood and milk; natural products; feeding compounds, food and beverages, etc.); analytical methodologies for biomolecule analysis; biomolecules applications in chemistry, biology, human and animal medicine, agriculture and animal husbandry.

Prof. Dr. Sergei Yu Zaǐtsev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomolecules of blood and milk
  • antioxidants
  • sources of bioactive natural products
  • feeding compounds for animals
  • analytical methodologies for biomolecule analysis
  • structure–function relationship
  • biomolecules of food and beverages
  • DNA and surfactants

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1252 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma and Hydrolyzed Porcine Protein as Animal-Blood-Derived Protein Ingredients for Pet Nutrition
by Katarzyna Kazimierska and Wioletta Biel
Molecules 2023, 28(23), 7917; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237917 - 3 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2292
Abstract
Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and hydrolyzed porcine protein (HPP) are promising animal protein ingredients sourced from healthy animal blood that are rich in biomolecules, including immunoglobulins, and can be an appropriate and valuable animal protein ingredient to supply the growing need for ingredients [...] Read more.
Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and hydrolyzed porcine protein (HPP) are promising animal protein ingredients sourced from healthy animal blood that are rich in biomolecules, including immunoglobulins, and can be an appropriate and valuable animal protein ingredient to supply the growing need for ingredients that meet the natural needs of carnivorous pets. The aim of this preliminary study was to analyze the chemical composition and mineral profile of a novel HPP compared with results for SDPP. The basic composition analysis followed AOAC guidelines, and the elemental analysis utilized atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical comparisons employed an independent Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Both SDPP and HPP are low in moisture (<4.3%) and rich in protein, with SDPP significantly exceeding HPP (75.4% vs. 71.4%). They boast mineral richness indicated by crude ash content (12.7% and 12.5%), featuring Na, K, P, and the trace elements Mo, Fe, and Zn. Notably, SDPP contains elevated molybdenum levels (51.39 mg/100 g vs. 10.93 mg/100 g in HPP), an essential element for diverse animal functions. Quantifying these elements in raw materials aids in achieving optimal nutrient levels in the final product. The study underscores SDPP as an excellent protein source, confirming that its nutritional value is similar to or better than other protein components in pet food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules of Natural Origin: Fundamentals and Applications)
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18 pages, 1911 KiB  
Article
Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Can Modulate the Fermentation, Fatty Acid Accumulation, and the Microbial Population in Rumen Batch Cultures
by Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Mostafa S. A. Khattab, Ahmed M. Abd El Tawab, Mostafa Elnahr, Adam Cieślak and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
Molecules 2023, 28(1), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010358 - 1 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1919
Abstract
In this study, three oil-in-water nanoemulsions were tested in two stages: In the first stage, three levels (on the substrate dry matter (DM)), namely 3%, 6%, and 9%, of three different oils, olive oil (OO), corn oil (CO), and linseed oil (LO), in [...] Read more.
In this study, three oil-in-water nanoemulsions were tested in two stages: In the first stage, three levels (on the substrate dry matter (DM)), namely 3%, 6%, and 9%, of three different oils, olive oil (OO), corn oil (CO), and linseed oil (LO), in raw and nanoemulsified (N) forms were used separately in three consecutive rumen batch cultures trials. The second stage, which was based on the first stage’s results, consisted of a batch culture trial that compared the raw and nanoemulsified (N) forms of all three oils together, provided at 3% of the DM. In the first stage, NOO, NCO, and NLO preserved higher unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and less saturated fatty acid (SFA) compared to OO, CO, and LO, respectively; noticeably, NCO had UFA:SFA = 1.01, 1.16, and 1.34 compared to CO, which had UFA:SFA = 0.66, 0.69, and 0.72 when supplemented at 3%, 6%, 9% of DM, respectively. In the second stage, UFA:SFA = 1.04, 1.12, and 1.07 for NOO, NCO, NLO, as compared to UFA:SFA = 0.69, 0.68, and 0.72 for OO, CO, and LO supplemented at 3% of DM. In conclusion, oil-in-water nanoemulsions showed an ability to decrease the transformation of UFA to SFA in the biohydrogenation environment without affecting the rumen microorganisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules of Natural Origin: Fundamentals and Applications)
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19 pages, 508 KiB  
Article
Correlations between the Major Amino Acids and Biochemical Blood Parameters of Pigs at Controlled Fattening Duration
by Sergei Yu. Zaitsev, Nikita S. Kolesnik and Nadezhda V. Bogolyubova
Molecules 2022, 27(7), 2278; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072278 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
Analytical control of protein and amino acid (AA) contents of animal tissues is an important problem in the fundamental and applied aspects. The aims of the work were the following: to measure the pig blood AAs; and to establish the correlations between AAs [...] Read more.
Analytical control of protein and amino acid (AA) contents of animal tissues is an important problem in the fundamental and applied aspects. The aims of the work were the following: to measure the pig blood AAs; and to establish the correlations between AAs and biochemical parameters in dependence on the pig fattening duration. All 80 animals were divided onto 4 animal groups: 65, 72, 82, and 90 fattening days. The correlations between AAs and the total protein or its fractions (TP&F), nitrogen metabolites, carbohydrates, lipids, some enzymes in the pig blood for each of these animal groups obtained for the first time. The authors established the following total amounts of correlation coefficients (with reasonable p-values) in each of the group separately: group 1, 1* (p < 0.05); group 2, 0; group 3, 28* (p < 0.05) and 9** (p < 0.01); group 4, 28* (p < 0.05) and 25** (p < 0.01). Thus, about 82–90 days (groups 3 and 4) can be the optimal for the pig fattening, based on the correlation analysis for the numerous data of major AA and biochemical parameters of pig blood. These results can be useful for animal health monitoring and husbandry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules of Natural Origin: Fundamentals and Applications)
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Review

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35 pages, 3125 KiB  
Review
Protective Application of Chinese Herbal Compounds and Formulae in Intestinal Inflammation in Humans and Animals
by Yang Yang, Gang Xiao, Pi Cheng, Jianguo Zeng and Yisong Liu
Molecules 2023, 28(19), 6811; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28196811 - 26 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2688
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with uncertain pathophysiology and causation that has significantly impacted both the physical and mental health of both people and animals. An increasing body of research has demonstrated the critical role of cellular signaling pathways in initiating [...] Read more.
Intestinal inflammation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with uncertain pathophysiology and causation that has significantly impacted both the physical and mental health of both people and animals. An increasing body of research has demonstrated the critical role of cellular signaling pathways in initiating and managing intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the interactions of three cellular signaling pathways (TLR4/NF-κB, PI3K-AKT, MAPKs) with immunity and gut microbiota to explain the possible pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Traditional medicinal drugs frequently have drawbacks and negative side effects. This paper also summarizes the pharmacological mechanism and application of Chinese herbal compounds (Berberine, Sanguinarine, Astragalus polysaccharide, Curcumin, and Cannabinoids) and formulae (Wumei Wan, Gegen-Qinlian decoction, Banxia xiexin decoction) against intestinal inflammation. We show that the herbal compounds and formulae may influence the interactions among cell signaling pathways, immune function, and gut microbiota in humans and animals, exerting their immunomodulatory capacity and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This demonstrates their strong potential to improve gut inflammation. We aim to promote herbal medicine and apply it to multispecies animals to achieve better health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomolecules of Natural Origin: Fundamentals and Applications)
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