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Nanomaterials
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Energetic Nanomaterials
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Energetic Nanomaterials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy and Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 23375

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Taizhong Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
Interests: nanomaterials; energetic materials; alloys; catalysts for novel energy; hydrogen energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energetic materials have been widely used in the weapons and civil engineering fields, with aluminum-, magnesium-, and boron-based materials widely used especially as annexing agents to enhance the energy density of organic energetic materials. Additionally, to overcome the shortage of low-energy density of organic energetic materials, novel organic materials with high nitrogen content, nitrogen borane, and other related materials have also been widely investigated. The Special Issue aims to publish papers related to novel process methods, research and development, and synthesis and improvement of metallic and organic energetic materials. It is expected that this issue will help toward the development of novel materials and promote an improved understanding of the related working mechanisms. Moreover, we expect to provide a new forum to accelerate communication between different research groups.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not be limited to) the following:

  • Novel metallic materials;
  • Nitrogen-rich materials;
  • Novel benzene-based materials;
  • Metal–organic-frame materials;
  • Materials processing methods;
  • Improvement in ignition and combustion performance;
  • Theory calculation of energetic materials;
  • Flame and combustion;
  • Structure design and synthesis of novel materials.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Taizhong Huang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Energetic materials
  • Benzene-based materials
  • Nitrogen-rich materials
  • Metal–organic-frame materials
  • Al, Mg, Ti, etc. metal-based materials
  • Boron- and borane-based materials
  • Density functional theory calculations
  • Flame and combustion

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2368 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Electrospinning Prepared Nitrocellulose (NC)-Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN)-Based Composite Fibers
by Qiong Wang, Lu-ping Xu, Chong-qing Deng, Er-gang Yao, Hai Chang and Wei-qiang Pang
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(4), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13040717 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1733
Abstract
Nanoscale composite energetic materials (CEMs) based on oxidizer and fuel have potential advantages in energy adjustment and regulation through oxygen balance (OB) change. The micro- and nanosized fibers based on nano nitrocellulose (NC)-ammonium dinitramide (ADN) were prepared by the electrospinning technique, and the [...] Read more.
Nanoscale composite energetic materials (CEMs) based on oxidizer and fuel have potential advantages in energy adjustment and regulation through oxygen balance (OB) change. The micro- and nanosized fibers based on nano nitrocellulose (NC)-ammonium dinitramide (ADN) were prepared by the electrospinning technique, and the morphology, thermal stability, combustion behaviors, and mechanical sensitivity of the fibers were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gas pressure measurement of thermostatic decomposition, laser ignition, and sensitivity tests. The results showed that the prepared fibers with fluffy 3D macrostructure were constructed by the overlap of micro/nanofibers with the energetic particles embedded in the NC matrix. The first exothermic peak temperature (Tp) of the samples containing ADN decreased by 10.1 °C at most compared to that of ADN, and the pressure rise time of all the samples containing ADN moved forward compared to that of the sample containing NC only. Furthermore, ADN can decrease the ignition delay time of NC-based fibers under atmosphere at room temperature from 33 ms to 9 ms and can enhance the burning intensity of NC-based fibers under normal pressure. In addition, compared to the single high explosive CL-20 or RDX, the mechanical sensitivities of the composite materials containing high explosive CL-20 or RDX were much decreased. The positive oxygen balance of ADN and the intensive interactions between ADN and NC can reduce the ignition delay time and promote the burning reaction intensity of NC-based composite fibers, while the mechanical sensitivities of composite fibers could be improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energetic Nanomaterials)
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12 pages, 5119 KiB  
Article
Size, Morphology and Crystallinity Control Strategy of Ultrafine HMX by Microfluidic Platform
by Hanyu Jiang, Xuanjun Wang, Jin Yu, Wenjun Zhou, Shuangfei Zhao, Siyu Xu and Fengqi Zhao
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(3), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030464 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2096
Abstract
The crystal structure has a great influence on mechanical sensitivity and detonation performance of energetic materials. An efficient microfluidic platform was applied for size, morphology, and crystallinity controllable preparation of ultrafine HMX. The microfluidic platform has good mixing performance, quick response, and less [...] Read more.
The crystal structure has a great influence on mechanical sensitivity and detonation performance of energetic materials. An efficient microfluidic platform was applied for size, morphology, and crystallinity controllable preparation of ultrafine HMX. The microfluidic platform has good mixing performance, quick response, and less reagent consumption. The ultrafine γ-HMX was first prepared at room temperature by microfluidic strategy, and the crystal type can be controlled accurately by adjusting the process parameters. With the increase in flow ratio, the particle size decreases gradually, and the crystal type changed from β-HMX to γ-HMX. Thermal behavior of ultrafine HMX shows that γ→δ is easier than β→δ, and the phase stability of HMX is β > γ > δ. Furthermore, the ultrafine β-HMX has higher thermal stability and energy release efficiency than that of raw HMX. The ultrafine HMX prepared by microfluidic not only has uniform morphology and narrow particle size distribution, but also exhibits high density and low sensitivity. This study provides a safe, facile, and efficient way of controlling particle size, morphology, and crystallinity of ultrafine HMX. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energetic Nanomaterials)
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9 pages, 2206 KiB  
Article
Internal Explosion Performance of RDX@Nano-B Composite Explosives
by Peng Xi, Shiyan Sun, Yu Shang, Xiaofeng Wang, Jun Dong and Xuesong Feng
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(3), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13030412 - 19 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3066
Abstract
Boron powder is an additive for metalized explosives with great application potential. To improve the energy release ability of boron powder, the composites of RDX and nano-boron (RDX@Nano-B) were prepared by the spray-drying process, and the metalized explosives based on it were designed [...] Read more.
Boron powder is an additive for metalized explosives with great application potential. To improve the energy release ability of boron powder, the composites of RDX and nano-boron (RDX@Nano-B) were prepared by the spray-drying process, and the metalized explosives based on it were designed (named PBX-B1). The detonation heat and explosion pressure of boron-containing explosives PBX-B1 under vacuum and air conditions were measured and analyzed by an internal explosion test. On the other hand, the equilibrium pressure and energy release of the PBX-B1 explosive system after detonation were analyzed and compared with that of an explosive formulation of the same composition (named PBX-B2). Results showed that the detonation heat of PBX-B1 was 7456 J/g in a vacuum environment, which was 34.8% higher than that of RDX (5530 J/g). However, in the air environment, the detonation heat of PBX-B1 increased by 19.2% compared with that in the vacuum environment, and the explosive gas products mainly included N2, NOx, CO, H2O, CH4, HCN, and CO2. The peak pressure and equilibrium pressures of PBX-B1 were 11.2 and 0.42 MPa, which were increased by 155% and 75% compared with the vacuum environment, respectively. It is worth noting that, compared with that of PBX-B2, the released energy in the aerobic combustion stage and equilibrium pressure of PBX-B1 were increased by 49.8% and 10.5%. This study demonstrated the strategy of improving the energy release of boron-containing metalized explosives through the design of an explosive microstructure, which provides important clues for the design of higher-energy metalized explosives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energetic Nanomaterials)
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25 pages, 5978 KiB  
Article
Tailoring Vibrational Signature and Functionality of 2D-Ordered Linear-Chain Carbon-Based Nanocarriers for Predictive Performance Enhancement of High-End Energetic Materials
by Alexander Lukin and Oğuz Gülseren
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1041; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071041 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2714
Abstract
A recently proposed, game-changing transformative energetics concept based on predictive synthesis and preprocessing at the nanoscale is considered as a pathway towards the development of the next generation of high-end nanoenergetic materials for future multimode solid propulsion systems and deep-space-capable small satellites. As [...] Read more.
A recently proposed, game-changing transformative energetics concept based on predictive synthesis and preprocessing at the nanoscale is considered as a pathway towards the development of the next generation of high-end nanoenergetic materials for future multimode solid propulsion systems and deep-space-capable small satellites. As a new door for the further performance enhancement of transformative energetic materials, we propose the predictive ion-assisted pulse-plasma-driven assembling of the various carbon-based allotropes, used as catalytic nanoadditives, by the 2D-ordered linear-chained carbon-based multicavity nanomatrices serving as functionalizing nanocarriers of multiple heteroatom clusters. The vacant functional nanocavities of the nanomatrices available for heteroatom doping, including various catalytic nanoagents, promote heat transfer enhancement within the reaction zones. We propose the innovative concept of fine-tuning the vibrational signatures, functionalities and nanoarchitectures of the mentioned nanocarriers by using the surface acoustic waves-assisted micro/nanomanipulation by the pulse-plasma growth zone combined with the data-driven carbon nanomaterials genome approach, which is a deep materials informatics-based toolkit belonging to the fourth scientific paradigm. For the predictive manipulation by the micro- and mesoscale, and the spatial distribution of the induction and energy release domains in the reaction zones, we propose the activation of the functionalizing nanocarriers, assembled by the heteroatom clusters, through the earlier proposed plasma-acoustic coupling-based technique, as well as by the Teslaphoresis force field, thus inducing the directed self-assembly of the mentioned nanocarbon-based additives and nanocarriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energetic Nanomaterials)
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12 pages, 2643 KiB  
Article
Effects of Nano Aluminum Powder on the Mechanical Sensitivity of RDX-Based Explosives
by Jun Dong, Weili Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Qiang Zhou, Run Miao, Maohua Du, Bo Tan, Yuanjing Wang, Tengyue Zhang, Yafei Li and Fangjie Cao
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092182 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4104
Abstract
As nano-aluminum powder (NAP) can improve the detonation performance of aluminum-containing explosives, more and more explosives with NAP as the metal ingredient have been studied. It is believed that the mechanical sensitivity of explosives can be significantly enhanced by the added nano-sized aluminum [...] Read more.
As nano-aluminum powder (NAP) can improve the detonation performance of aluminum-containing explosives, more and more explosives with NAP as the metal ingredient have been studied. It is believed that the mechanical sensitivity of explosives can be significantly enhanced by the added nano-sized aluminum powder. However, the mechanism for the enhancement has not been clarified. In order to illuminate the effects of NAP on the mechanical sensitivity of explosives, two RDX-based aluminum-containing explosives with the same weight ratio and preparation process were investigated despite the aluminum powders with different nano-size and micron-size. The morphology and surface atomic ratio of the two explosives were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy tests. The contact angle and other microstructures properties of the explosives were calculated by Material Studio software. Results revealed that the impact and friction activity was determined by the aluminum particle sizes and explosive components. This paper clarified the mechanism for the increase in explosives sensitivity by the addition of NAP, which provide reference for the scientific and technical design of novel explosives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energetic Nanomaterials)
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Review

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17 pages, 4479 KiB  
Review
Effect of Nano-Sized Energetic Materials (nEMs) on the Performance of Solid Propellants: A Review
by Weiqiang Pang, Chongqing Deng, Huan Li, Luigi T. DeLuca, Dihua Ouyang, Huixiang Xu and Xuezhong Fan
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010133 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3443
Abstract
As a hot research topic, nano-scale energetic materials have recently attracted much attention in the fields of propellants and explosives. The preparation of different types of nano-sized energetic materials were carried out, and the effects of nano-sized energetic materials (nEMs) on the properties [...] Read more.
As a hot research topic, nano-scale energetic materials have recently attracted much attention in the fields of propellants and explosives. The preparation of different types of nano-sized energetic materials were carried out, and the effects of nano-sized energetic materials (nEMs) on the properties of solid propellants and explosives were investigated and compared with those of micro-sized ones, placing emphasis on the investigation of the hazardous properties, which could be useable for solid rocket nozzle motor applications. It was found that the nano-sized energetic materials can decrease the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of solid propellants and explosives compared with the corresponding micro-sized ones, and the mechanical sensitivities are lower than that of micro-sized particles formulation. Seventy-nine references were enclosed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energetic Nanomaterials)
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25 pages, 3972 KiB  
Review
Effect of Metal Nanopowders on the Performance of Solid Rocket Propellants: A Review
by Weiqiang Pang, Yang Li, Luigi T. DeLuca, Daolun Liang, Zhao Qin, Xiaogang Liu, Huixiang Xu and Xuezhong Fan
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(10), 2749; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11102749 - 17 Oct 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 5274
Abstract
The effects of different types of nano-sized metal particles, such as aluminum (nAl), zirconium (nZr), titanium (nTi), and nickel (nNi), on the properties of a variety of solid rocket propellants (composite, fuel-rich, and composite modified double base (CMDB)) were analyzed and compared with [...] Read more.
The effects of different types of nano-sized metal particles, such as aluminum (nAl), zirconium (nZr), titanium (nTi), and nickel (nNi), on the properties of a variety of solid rocket propellants (composite, fuel-rich, and composite modified double base (CMDB)) were analyzed and compared with those of propellants loaded with micro-sized Al (mAl) powder. Emphasis was placed on the investigation of burning rate, pressure exponent (n), and hazardous properties, which control whether a propellant can be adopted in solid rocket motors. It was found that nano-sized additives can affect the combustion behavior and increase the burning rate of propellants. Compared with the corresponding micro-sized ones, the nano-sized particles promote higher impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity. In this paper, 101 references are enclosed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energetic Nanomaterials)
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