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Neurology International
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury
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Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury

A special issue of Neurology International (ISSN 2035-8377).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 12434

Special Issue Editors

Dr. John K. Yue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94607, USA
Interests: traumatic brain injury; neurosurgery; neurotrauma; biomarkers; spinal cord injury; spine surgery; epidemiology; neuroimaging; outcomes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hansen Deng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Interests: biomarkers; costs of care; spinal cord injury; spine trauma; traumatic brain injury
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear  Colleagues,

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. TBI often leads to significant impairments across multiple functional domains. In moderate to severe TBI, the advent of high-density physiology monitoring systems has enabled large-scale data collection that await deep analytics and informatics-based approaches to determine trajectories of care and predict multidimensional outcomes. In mild TBI, recent data suggest that lasting deficits may remain in certain subpopulations, with a range of risk factors that await characterization and predictive modeling. The relevance of brain-specific and systemic biomarkers, as well as advanced neuroimaging, for improving diagnostic criteria, injury severity stratification, and favorability of recovery have evolved and remain active arenas for qualifying diagnostic and prognostic utility. Guidelines for proper follow-up in TBI remain lacking; however, recent progress has been made and warrants updated discussions. This Special Issue intends to capture recent advances across the spectrum of TBI heterogeneity and severity, from prevention to outcome optimization, in order to establish a compendium of work capable of informing and improving TBI clinical care. 

Dr. John K. Yue
Dr. Hansen Deng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Neurology International is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • traumatic brain injury
  • neuroimaging
  • biomarkers
  • informatics
  • concussion
  • outcomes
  • guidelines

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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11 pages, 694 KiB  
Article
Depression Severity Is Different in Dysosmic Patients Who Have Experienced Traumatic Brain Injury Compared with Those Who Have Not
by Agnieszka Sabiniewicz, Kyri-Kristin Lindner, Antje Haehner and Thomas Hummel
Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(2), 638-648; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15020040 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1565
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans can result in olfactory, cognitive, and affective changes. Surprisingly, research on the consequences of TBI often did not control for olfactory function in the investigated groups. Consequently, the affective or cognitive differences might be misleading as related [...] Read more.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans can result in olfactory, cognitive, and affective changes. Surprisingly, research on the consequences of TBI often did not control for olfactory function in the investigated groups. Consequently, the affective or cognitive differences might be misleading as related rather to different olfactory performance than to a TBI experience. Hence, our study aimed to investigate whether TBI occurrence would lead to altered affective and cognitive functioning in two groups of dysosmic patients, one with TBI experience and one without. In total, 51 patients with TBI experience and 50 controls with varied causes of olfactory loss were thoroughly examined in terms of olfactory, cognitive, and affective performance. Student t-tests demonstrated that the only significant difference between the groups appeared in the depression severity, with TBI patients being more depressed (t = 2.3, p = 0.011, Cohen’s d = −0.47). Regression analyses further showed that TBI experience was significantly associated with depression severity (R2 = 0.05, F [1, 96] = 5.5, p = 0.021, beta = 1.4). In conclusion, the present study showed that TBI experience is linked to depression, which is more pronounced compared to individuals with olfactory loss without TBI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury)
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13 pages, 2511 KiB  
Article
Posttraumatic and Idiopathic Spike–Wave Discharges in Rats: Discrimination by Morphology and Thalamus Involvement
by Ilia Komoltsev, Olga Salyp, Aleksandra Volkova, Daria Bashkatova, Natalia Shirobokova, Stepan Frankevich, Daria Shalneva, Olga Kostyunina, Olesya Chizhova, Pavel Kostrukov, Margarita Novikova and Natalia Gulyaeva
Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(2), 609-621; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15020038 - 27 Apr 2023
Viewed by 2033
Abstract
The possibility of epileptiform activity generation by the thalamocortical neuronal network after focal brain injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), is actively debated. Presumably, posttraumatic spike–wave discharges (SWDs) involve a cortico-thalamocortical neuronal network. Differentiation of posttraumatic and idiopathic (i.e., spontaneously generated) SWDs is [...] Read more.
The possibility of epileptiform activity generation by the thalamocortical neuronal network after focal brain injuries, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), is actively debated. Presumably, posttraumatic spike–wave discharges (SWDs) involve a cortico-thalamocortical neuronal network. Differentiation of posttraumatic and idiopathic (i.e., spontaneously generated) SWDs is imperative for understanding posttraumatic epileptogenic mechanisms. Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats with electrodes implanted into the somatosensory cortex and the thalamic ventral posterolateral nucleus. Local field potentials were recorded for 7 days before and 7 days after TBI (lateral fluid percussion injury, 2.5 atm). The morphology of 365 SWDs (89 idiopathic before craniotomy, and 262 posttraumatic that appeared only after TBI) and their appearance in the thalamus were analyzed. The occurrence of SWDs in the thalamus determined their spike–wave form and bilateral lateralization in the neocortex. Posttraumatic discharges were characterized by more “mature” characteristics as compared to spontaneously generated discharges: higher proportions of bilateral spreading, well-defined spike–wave form, and thalamus involvement. Based on SWD parameters, the etiology could be established with an accuracy of 75% (AUC 0.79). Our results support the hypothesis that the formation of posttraumatic SWDs involves a cortico-thalamocortical neuronal network. The results form a basis for further research of mechanisms associated with posttraumatic epileptiform activity and epileptogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury)
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15 pages, 2695 KiB  
Article
A Pilot Investigation of Visual Pathways in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
by Paul Harris and Mark H. Myers
Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(1), 534-548; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010032 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2160
Abstract
In this study, we examined visual processing within primary visual areas (V1) in normal and visually impaired individuals who exhibit significant visual symptomology due to sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Five spatial frequency stimuli were applied to the right, left and both [...] Read more.
In this study, we examined visual processing within primary visual areas (V1) in normal and visually impaired individuals who exhibit significant visual symptomology due to sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Five spatial frequency stimuli were applied to the right, left and both eyes in order to assess the visual processing of patients with sports-related mild traumatic brain injuries who exhibited visual abnormalities, i.e., photophobia, blurriness, etc., and controls. The measurement of the left/right eye and binocular integration was accomplished via the quantification of the spectral power and visual event-related potentials. The principal results have shown that the power spectral density (PSD) measurements display a distinct loss in the alpha band-width range, which corresponded to more instances of medium-sized receptive field loss. Medium-size receptive field loss may correspond to parvocellular (p-cell) processing deprecation. Our major conclusion provides a new measurement, using PSD analysis to assess mTBI conditions from primary V1 areas. The statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences between the mTBI and control cohort in the Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) amplitude responses and PSD measurements. Additionally, the PSD measurements were able to assess the improvement in the mTBI primary visual areas over time through rehabilitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury)
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15 pages, 2352 KiB  
Article
miR-21, miR-93, miR-191, miR-let-7b, and miR-499 Expression Level in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients with Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness
by Tatiana A. Petrova, Sergey A. Kondratyev, Anna A. Kostareva, Roman V. Rutkovskiy, Irina A. Savvina and Ekaterina A. Kondratyeva
Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(1), 40-54; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010004 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2228
Abstract
In recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in understanding the mechanisms of disturbance and restoration of consciousness in patients after severe brain damage resulting in prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC). MicroRNAs (miRs) may be potential candidates as possible biomarkers for the classification [...] Read more.
In recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in understanding the mechanisms of disturbance and restoration of consciousness in patients after severe brain damage resulting in prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC). MicroRNAs (miRs) may be potential candidates as possible biomarkers for the classification of disease subtypes, and prognosis in patients with pDOC. The aim of the study was to analyze miRs expression levels (hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-93-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, mmu-miR-499-5p, hsa-let-7b-5p) by a real-time polymerase chain reaction in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with pDOC and to identify a potential biomarker for dividing patients into groups according to disease severity. We analyzed the levels of investigated miRs in pDOC patients, divided by etiology, CRSI, and the total group compared with controls. Our results showed that dividing patients with pDOC into groups according to the etiology of the disease resulted in the most significant differences in the levels of miR-93, -21, and -191 in CSF and plasma samples between groups of patients. Among the analyzed miRs, we did not find a marker that would help to distinguish VS/UWS patient groups from MCS. Examining of miRs as possible prognostic markers in patients with pDOC, the starting point seems to be the cause that led to the development of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury)
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13 pages, 649 KiB  
Systematic Review
Clinical and Radiological Characteristics for Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Rakesh Mishra, Harsh Deora, William Andres Florez-Perdomo, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, Ezequiel Garcia-Ballestas, Md Moshiur Rahman, Adesh Shrivastava, Sumit Raj, Vishal Chavda, Nicola Montemurro and Amit Agrawal
Neurol. Int. 2022, 14(3), 683-695; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14030057 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3029
Abstract
Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most studied clinical entities in the neurosurgical literature. Management of cSDH is complicated by its propensity to recurrence. Various factors for the development of recurrence of cSDH have been described in various clinical, epidemiological, and [...] Read more.
Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most studied clinical entities in the neurosurgical literature. Management of cSDH is complicated by its propensity to recurrence. Various factors for the development of recurrence of cSDH have been described in various clinical, epidemiological, and observational studies, yet the evidence available is limited. A systematic review and meta-analysis as per PRISMA guidelines to identify clinical and radiological factors which can predict the development of recurrence in cSDH. A total of 14 studies were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis after a comprehensive search of the online databases. Eight studies were of high methodological quality. Age, use of anticoagulants, obesity, seizure, and liver disease were found to be statistically significant clinical risk factors for the development of recurrence in cSDH. Among the radiological parameters, the internal structure of the hematoma and the width of the hematoma was found to be significant risk factor predicting the development of recurrence. Age >75 years, use of anticoagulation therapy, liver disease, and obesity were significant risk factors for cSDH recurrence. Pneumocephalus, internal architecture of hematoma, bilateral cSDH, the width of hematoma, and the presence of bilateral cSDH are important radiological parameters of the development of recurrent cSDH Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Traumatic Brain Injury)
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