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Neurology International
Special Issues
Neurological Aspects of COVID-19: What We Knew Then, What We...
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Neurological Aspects of COVID-19: What We Knew Then, What We Know Now, & What We Need to Prepare for in the Future

A special issue of Neurology International (ISSN 2035-8377).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 12172

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kore Kai Liow

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Brain Research, Innovation and Translation Lab (BRITL), Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA
2. Department of Medicine (Neurology) John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
3. Graduate Faculty, Clinical & Translational Research, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
Interests: neurology; neuroscience; neuroimmunology; COVID-19
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jason Viereck

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Brain Research, Innovation and Translation Lab (BRITL), Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience, Honolulu, HI, USA
2. Department of Medicine (Neurology) John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
3. Graduate Faculty, Clinical & Translational Research, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
Interests: neurology; neuroscience; neuroimmunology; COVID-19
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurological complications of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were first recognized during the initial outbreak in Wuhan, China. Since then, a great deal of information has been shared about the neurological aspects of COVID-19, including acute neurological manifestations such as encephalopathy, cerebrovascular diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and smell and taste disorders. Long-term persistent complications, such as the cognitive effects of COVID-19, are equally important. Other issues include management of immunosuppressive therapy and neurological side effects associated with COVID-19 treatments and vaccines. A better understanding of the neuropathogenesis, including neuronal and immune dysfunction, renin–angiotensin system dysfunction and viral invasion of the nervous system, will enhance our understanding of these clinicopathologic conditions.  

We dedicate this Special Issue of “Neurological Aspects of COVID-19: What We Knew Then, What We Know Now, & What We Need to Prepare for in the Future” as a “Call for Action”, and invite the medical and scientific community to join us in raising awareness promoting early and accurate diagnosis. This will result in more favourable treatments and outcomes for the growing number of patients worlwide who are affected by COVID-19.

Prof. Dr. Kore Kai Liow
Prof. Dr. Jason Viereck
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Neurology International is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • COVID-19
  • neurological complications
  • cerebrovascular complications
  • encephalopathy
  • meningoencephalitis
  • rhombencephalitis
  • acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
  • acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy
  • multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
  • seizures and status epilepticus
  • posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
  • neuromuscular disorders
  • Guillain-Barré syndrome
  • myositis
  • focal and multifocal neuropathies Critical illness neuropathy and myopathy
  • smell and taste disorders
  • demyelinating disorders
  • long COVID
  • post-COVID syndrome
  • post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
  • post-COVID conditions
  • COVID nervous system invasion
  • COVID-19 treatments
  • post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
  • neurological complications COVID vaccine
  • risk of COVID with immune therapy in neurological patients
  • cognitive dysfunction
  • Brain Fog

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Editorial

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1 pages, 169 KiB  
Editorial
COVID-19 Is Changing Our Understanding of the Neuroscience of Viral Infections: What We Can Do to Prepare for the Future?
by Kore Kai Liow and Jason Viereck
Neurol. Int. 2022, 14(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14010007 - 6 Jan 2022
Viewed by 2121
Abstract
In the approximately two years since the emergence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) myriad neurological symptoms have been reported that are seemingly unrelated to each other [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Aspects of COVID-19: What We Knew Then, What We Know Now, & What We Need to Prepare for in the Future)

Research

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11 pages, 859 KiB  
Article
Impact of COVID-19 in AChR Myasthenia Gravis and the Safety of Vaccines: Data from an Italian Cohort
by Antonino Lupica, Vincenzo Di Stefano, Salvatore Iacono, Antonia Pignolo, Martina Quartana, Andrea Gagliardo, Brigida Fierro and Filippo Brighina
Neurol. Int. 2022, 14(2), 406-416; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14020033 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4126
Abstract
Background and aims. Patients with Myasthenia gravis (MG) are considered vulnerable as they may present with respiratory muscle weakness and because they are on immunosuppressive treatment; thereby, COVID-19 may have a detrimental effect on these patients. Vaccines against COVID-19 are currently available and [...] Read more.
Background and aims. Patients with Myasthenia gravis (MG) are considered vulnerable as they may present with respiratory muscle weakness and because they are on immunosuppressive treatment; thereby, COVID-19 may have a detrimental effect on these patients. Vaccines against COVID-19 are currently available and it has been shown as they can prevent severe COVID-19 in vulnerable patients. Notwithstanding their efficacy, vaccine hesitancy has not been completely dispelled in the general population. Unfortunately, there is limited data about the safety of these vaccines in MG patients. The aims of this study are to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in a MG cohort, the adherence to COVID-19 vaccination in Italy and vaccine safety in MG patients. Methods. A retrospective cohort study of MG patients attending the Neuromuscular Clinic of the University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone” of Palermo, Italy, was performed. Patients underwent telephone interviews with a dedicated questionnaire on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection. Vaccine safety was assessed though the evaluation of vaccine-related adverse events (AEs) and comparisons of MG-ADL scores before and after vaccination. Patient worsening was defined as two or more point increases in MG-ADL scores. Results. From a total of 90 participants, 75 answered the questionnaire and 70.5% of them (n = 53) received the vaccine; ten patients did not receive vaccination and 3 patients were partially vaccinated. Among the vaccinated patients, about 45% (n = 24) experienced at least one AE, with a complete resolution within one week. No serious AEs and life-threatening conditions were observed. Globally, MG-ADL scores did not worsen after vaccination. Nine unvaccinated patients experienced SARS-CoV2 infection and four of them (44%) died—one patient required respiratory support, whereas three patients were asymptomatic. Conclusions. COVID-19 significantly impacted MG patients with an increase in mortality due to respiratory sequelae. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 showed good short-term safety in MG patients, who may take advantage of vaccination to avoiding life-threatening complications such as COVID-19 pneumonia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Aspects of COVID-19: What We Knew Then, What We Know Now, & What We Need to Prepare for in the Future)
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Review

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15 pages, 3790 KiB  
Review
Ischemic Stroke and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Bidirectional Pathology and Risk Morbidities
by Vishal Chavda, Bipin Chaurasia, Alessandro Fiorindi, Giuseppe E. Umana, Bingwei Lu and Nicola Montemurro
Neurol. Int. 2022, 14(2), 391-405; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14020032 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5194
Abstract
Stroke is a fatal morbidity that needs emergency medical admission and immediate medical attention. COVID-19 ischemic brain damage is closely associated with common neurological symptoms, which are extremely difficult to treat medically, and risk factors. We performed literature research about COVID-19 and ischemia [...] Read more.
Stroke is a fatal morbidity that needs emergency medical admission and immediate medical attention. COVID-19 ischemic brain damage is closely associated with common neurological symptoms, which are extremely difficult to treat medically, and risk factors. We performed literature research about COVID-19 and ischemia in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus for this current narrative review. We discovered parallel manifestations of SARS-CoV-19 infection and brain ischemia risk factors. In published papers, we discovered a similar but complex pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and stroke pathology. A patient with other systemic co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, or any respiratory disease, has a fatal combination in intensive care management when infected with SARS-CoV-19. Furthermore, due to their shared risk factors, COVID-19 and stroke are a lethal combination for medical management to treat. In this review, we discuss shared pathophysiology, adjuvant risk factors, challenges, and advancements in stroke-associated COVID-19 therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Aspects of COVID-19: What We Knew Then, What We Know Now, & What We Need to Prepare for in the Future)
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