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Nutrients
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The Role of Probiotics on Gut Health
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The Role of Probiotics on Gut Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 June 2024) | Viewed by 4652

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Narendra Kumar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ILR College of Pharmacy Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
Interests: gut microbiome; probiotics; inflammatory bowel disease; obesity; gastroenterology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Humans have utilized probiotics since the beginning of mankind in various forms, such as fermented milk, yogurt, and cheese, for their nutritional benefits. In recent years, probiotics have gained significant attention due to their beneficial effects in several diseases. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, home to the largest microbial population in the human body, plays a crucial role in digestion, nutrient absorption, immune function, and overall health. Through various mechanisms, such as antimicrobial compounds, competition for nutrients, and regulated immune tolerance, probiotics not only help maintain intestinal integrity and its barrier, but also reduce the risk of gastrointestinal infections, inflammation, and gut permeability issues. It is no wonder, therefore, that recent advancements in research have revealed the potential application of probiotics in alleviating symptoms of several GI diseases such as IBD. While the specific mechanisms through which probiotics exert their beneficial effects on health are still evolving, their potential as a preventive and therapeutic tool continues to be explored in various scientific studies. Therefore, this Special Issue of Nutrients aims to provide scientific evidence on the immunomodulatory potential of probiotics in the gut microbiome and human health. We invite researchers to submit novel, creative, and high-quality research and review articles focused on probiotics, linked gut microbiome modulation, and their potential role in improving health. 

Dr. Narendra Kumar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • probiotics
  • gut microbiota
  • human health
  • gut health
  • nutrients

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1967 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on the Physical Consistency of Stool in Healthy Participants with Hard or Lumpy Stools: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
by Satoshi Tsujibe, Agata Gawad, Akira Shigehisa, Kazunori Matsuda, Junji Fujimoto and Takuya Takahashi
Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2469; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152469 - 30 Jul 2024
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Abstract
We have earlier established a direct measurement method for assessing stool physical consistency using a texture analyzer (TAXT). The present study aimed to evaluate the stool softening effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) using TAXT in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Sixty-four [...] Read more.
We have earlier established a direct measurement method for assessing stool physical consistency using a texture analyzer (TAXT). The present study aimed to evaluate the stool softening effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) using TAXT in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Sixty-four healthy participants with a Bristol stool form scale (BSFS) 1/2 ≥ 50% during screening consumed fermented milk containing LcS or a placebo beverage daily for 8 weeks. Stool consistency and water content were determined using TAXT and a lyophilizer, respectively. Participants evaluated their defecation using the BSFS. Stool consistency evaluated by a texture analyzer (TAXT) in the LcS group tended to be softer than that in the placebo group (p = 0.052). Subgroup analyses (TAXT value at baseline ≥ 4.5) showed that stool consistency was significantly softer in the LcS group (p = 0.014). Stool water content was also significantly higher in the LcS group than in the placebo group, but the proportion of normal stools was not statistically significant. We were unable to find evidence for the softening effect of LcS under the present study’s conditions. However, its efficacy may be confirmed by targeting participants with physically hard stools and TAXT values ≥ 4.5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Probiotics on Gut Health)
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Review

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27 pages, 1675 KiB  
Review
Brain-Gut and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Communication in Type-2 Diabetes Linked Alzheimer’s Disease
by Yomna S. Momen, Jayshree Mishra and Narendra Kumar
Nutrients 2024, 16(15), 2558; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16152558 - 3 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3254
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, home to the largest microbial population in the human body, plays a crucial role in overall health through various mechanisms. Recent advancements in research have revealed the potential implications of gut-brain and vice-versa communication mediated by gut-microbiota and their [...] Read more.
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, home to the largest microbial population in the human body, plays a crucial role in overall health through various mechanisms. Recent advancements in research have revealed the potential implications of gut-brain and vice-versa communication mediated by gut-microbiota and their microbial products in various diseases including type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is the most common type of dementia where most of cases are sporadic with no clearly identified cause. However, multiple factors are implicated in the progression of sporadic AD which can be classified as non-modifiable (e.g., genetic) and modifiable (e.g. Type-2 diabetes, diet etc.). Present review focusses on key players particularly the modifiable factors such as Type-2 diabetes (T2D) and diet and their implications in microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) and brain-gut (BG) communication and cognitive functions of healthy brain and their dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease. Special emphasis has been given on elucidation of the mechanistic aspects of the impact of diet on gut-microbiota and the implications of some of the gut-microbial products in T2D and AD pathology. For example, mechanistically, HFD induces gut dysbiosis with driven metabolites that in turn cause loss of integrity of intestinal barrier with concomitant colonic and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, associated with obesity and T2D. HFD-induced obesity and T2D parallel neuroinflammation, deposition of Amyloid β (Aβ), and ultimately cognitive impairment. The review also provides a new perspective of the impact of diet on brain-gut and microbiota-gut-brain communication in terms of transcription factors as a commonly spoken language that may facilitates the interaction between gut and brain of obese diabetic patients who are at a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment and AD. Other commonality such as tyrosine kinase expression and functions maintaining intestinal integrity on one hand and the phagocytic clarence by migratory microglial functions in brain are also discussed. Lastly, the characterization of the key players future research that might shed lights on novel potential pharmacological target to impede AD progression are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Probiotics on Gut Health)
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