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The Impact of Nutrition on Brain Metabolism and Disease (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2024) | Viewed by 1891

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: brain metabolism; nutrition; cholesterol metabolism; fructose; brain insulin signaling; neuroinflammation; mitochondrial bioenergetics; oxidative stress; synaptic function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterannean Environment (ISPAAM)-CNR, 80147 Naples, Italy
Interests: inflammation; redox homeostasis; cell biology; brain function; cholesterol; apolipoproteins; animal welfare; lactation; environmental pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: nutrition; fructose; metabolism; glucose homeostasis; insulin signalling; inflammation; mitochondrial bioenergetics; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the link between nutrition, brain health, and risk of central nervous system pathologies has been highlighted. Brain status strongly depends on energy availability, and diet can deeply impact brain functions including synaptic plasticity, cognitive processes, and neuroendocrine functions and behavior, thus affecting health.

Diet manipulation, i.e., both dietary supplement (such as sugars, fatty acids, plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids, fibers) and dietary restriction (in particular dietary patterns, amino acid restriction and fasting), has considerable effects on brain physiology and could be of particular importance in the context of global human aging, which is associated with the increase of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, etc. How different diets/nutritional strategies (from single micro/macronutrients, to complex foods that differ in energy density and natural compounds, and/or functional food including prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics) modulate brain function and homeostasis, with special regard to metabolism, mitochondrial function, redox homeostasis, insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, gut/brain axis, synaptic function, and plasticity, is the focus of this Special Issue. Studies that further unravel mechanistic links between diet composition and nutritional status and the onset or prevention of neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases are welcomed, in order to provide new insights into physiopathological aspects underlying brain development, function, and aging.

Original research reports and review articles from experts in the field will provide an interdisciplinary approach to highlight the beneficial or deleterious impact of different nutritional plans and could represent milestones for designing novel therapeutic targets to counteract several brain diseases linked with malnutrition.

Dr. Luisa Cigliano
Dr. Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
Dr. Arianna Mazzoli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • brain mitochondria
  • brain oxidative stress
  • neuroinflammation
  • brain insulin signaling
  • brain lipid metabolism
  • brain aging
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • microbiome and brain
  • mood disorder and nutrition

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

36 pages, 5780 KiB  
Article
The Protective Impact of Aronia melanocarpa L. Berries Extract against Prooxidative Cadmium Action in the Brain—A Study in an In Vivo Model of Current Environmental Human Exposure to This Harmful Element
by Agnieszka Ruczaj, Małgorzata M. Brzóska and Joanna Rogalska
Nutrients 2024, 16(4), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040502 - 9 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1506
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a prooxidant that adversely affects human health, including the nervous system. As exposure of the general population to this heavy metal is inevitable, it is crucial to look for agents that can prevent the effects of its toxic action. An [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) is a prooxidant that adversely affects human health, including the nervous system. As exposure of the general population to this heavy metal is inevitable, it is crucial to look for agents that can prevent the effects of its toxic action. An experimental model on female rats of current lifetime human exposure to cadmium (3–24-months’ treatment with 1 or 5 mg Cd/kg diet) was used to test whether low-level and moderate intoxication can exert a prooxidative impact in the brain and whether supplementation with a 0.1% extract from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa L. (Michx.) Elliott (AE; chokeberry extract) can protect against this action. Numerous parameters of the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidative barrier, as well as total antioxidative and oxidative status (TAS and TOS, respectively), were determined and the index of oxidative stress (OSI) was calculated. Moreover, chosen prooxidants (myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, and hydrogen peroxide) and biomarkers of oxidative modifications of lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid were assayed. Cadmium dysregulated the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in the brain and led to oxidative stress and oxidative injury of the cellular macromolecules, whereas the co-administration of AE alleviated these effects. To summarize, long-term, even low-level, cadmium exposure can pose a risk of failure of the nervous system by the induction of oxidative stress in the brain, whereas supplementation with products based on aronia berries seems to be an effective protective strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Nutrition on Brain Metabolism and Disease (2nd Edition))
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