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The Role of Donor Milk and Human Milk Banks in Promoting Maternal and Infant Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2025 | Viewed by 4183

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Italian Association of Donated Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy
Interests: human milk; breast milk; nutrition; nutrition assessment

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Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Interests: human milk composition; donor human milk; nutrition of preterm newborns; fortification of human milk; infant auxology; anthropometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neonatal Unit, Department of Pediatric and Adolescence Science, University of Turin, I-10126 Turin, Italy
Interests: human milk composition; donor human milk; nutrition of preterm newborns; fortification of human milk; infant nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Given the evidence accumulating in recent decades underpinning its clinical benefits, human milk (HM) is indisputably the gold standard for feeding all neonates. Its unique macronutrient composition with optimal bioavailability, and the myriad bioactives exerting health promotion throughout life, make it particularly vital for preterm infants. Very preterm infants are exposed to specific challenges in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) with high mortality and/or morbidity rates. HM feeding has been found (i) to have a protective effect against most of these challenges, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and bacterial sepsis; (ii) to decrease mortality; and (iii) to improve both neurocognitive development and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease. New neuroimaging studies searching for the impact of HM on brain volumes, structures, and the connectome reveal exciting dose-dependent improvements with HM use.

The current Special Issue aims to welcome original works and literature reviews further exploring the complexity of human milk composition and the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects associated with breastfeeding, inviting all to explore “The amazing world of Human Milk Banking”.

Prof. Dr. Guido E. Moro
Prof. Dr. Enrico Bertino
Prof. Dr. Alessandra Coscia
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • human milk
  • human milk banking
  • donor milk
  • preterm infant feeding
  • breast milk
  • infant nutrition

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 729 KiB  
Article
Clinical Impact of Supplementation with Pasteurized Donor Human Milk by High-Temperature Short-Time Method versus Holder Method in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial
by Nadia Raquel García-Lara, Diana Escuder-Vieco, Marta Cabrera-Lafuente, Kristin Keller, Cristina De Diego-Poncela, Concepción Jiménez-González, Raquel Núñez-Ramos, Beatriz Flores-Antón, Esperanza Escribano-Palomino, Clara Alonso-Díaz, Sara Vázquez-Román, Noelia Ureta-Velasco, Javier De La Cruz-Bértolo and Carmen Rosa Pallás-Alonso
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16071090 - 8 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1613
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are a frequent and serious problem in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Donor human milk (DHM) is the best alternative for feeding these babies when mother’s own milk (MOM) is not available. Recently, a patented prototype of a High-Temperature Short-Time [...] Read more.
Nosocomial infections are a frequent and serious problem in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Donor human milk (DHM) is the best alternative for feeding these babies when mother’s own milk (MOM) is not available. Recently, a patented prototype of a High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) pasteurizer adapted to a human milk bank setting showed a lesser impact on immunologic components. We designed a multicentre randomized controlled trial that investigates whether, in ELBW infants with an insufficient MOM supply, the administration of HTST pasteurized DHM reduces the incidence of confirmed catheter-associated sepsis compared to DHM pasteurized with the Holder method. From birth until 34 weeks postmenstrual age, patients included in the study received DHM, as a supplement, pasteurized by the Holder or HTST method. A total of 213 patients were randomized; 79 (HTST group) and 81 (Holder group) were included in the analysis. We found no difference in the frequency of nosocomial sepsis between the patients of the two methods—41.8% (33/79) of HTST group patients versus 45.7% (37/81) of Holder group patients, relative risk 0.91 (0.64–1.3), p = 0.62. In conclusion, when MOM is not available, supplementing during admission with DHM pasteurized by the HTST versus Holder method might not have an impact on the incidence of catheter-associated sepsis. Full article
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19 pages, 800 KiB  
Article
Individualized Fortification Based on Measured Macronutrient Content of Human Milk Improves Growth and Body Composition in Infants Born Less than 33 Weeks: A Mixed-Cohort Study
by Manuela Cardoso, Daniel Virella, Ana Luísa Papoila, Marta Alves, Israel Macedo, Diana e Silva and Luís Pereira-da-Silva
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061533 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2128
Abstract
The optimal method for human milk (HM) fortification has not yet been determined. This study assessed whether fortification relying on measured HM macronutrient content (Miris AB analyzer, Upsala, Sweden) composition is superior to fortification based on assumed HM macronutrient content, to optimize the [...] Read more.
The optimal method for human milk (HM) fortification has not yet been determined. This study assessed whether fortification relying on measured HM macronutrient content (Miris AB analyzer, Upsala, Sweden) composition is superior to fortification based on assumed HM macronutrient content, to optimize the nutrition support, growth, and body composition in infants born at <33 weeks’ gestation. In a mixed-cohort study, 57 infants fed fortified HM based on its measured content were compared with 58 infants fed fortified HM based on its assumed content, for a median of 28 and 23 exposure days, respectively. The ESPGHAN 2010 guidelines for preterm enteral nutrition were followed. Growth assessment was based on body weight, length, and head circumference Δ z-scores, and the respective growth velocities until discharge. Body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography. Fortification based on measured HM content provided significantly higher energy, fat, and carbohydrate intakes, although with a lower protein intake in infants weighing ≥ 1 kg and lower protein-to-energy ratio in infants weighing < 1 kg. Infants fed fortified HM based on its measured content were discharged with significantly better weight gain, length, and head growth. These infants had significantly lower adiposity and greater lean mass near term-equivalent age, despite receiving higher in-hospital energy and fat intakes, with a mean fat intake higher than the maximum recommended and a median protein-to-energy ratio intake (in infants weighing < 1 kg) lower than the minimum recommended. Full article
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