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Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants: New Insights into Old Concepts

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2024) | Viewed by 2956

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Interests: bioactive compounds; polyphenols; dietary antioxidants; oxidative stress; nutrition; food; nutritional epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
Interests: dietary antioxidants; polyphenols; antioxidant potential of serum; chronic diseases; population studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance in the body, the most common causes of which are an unhealthy lifestyle, a high-calorie diet and prolonged stress. The loss of balance between oxidants and antioxidants can contribute to the development of many serious diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It is well known that oxidative stress can be reduced by a proper diet rich in antioxidants, such as polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans), antioxidant vitamins (C, E, A, β-carotene) and antioxidant minerals (Zn, Cu, Se), which support the endogenous antioxidant system.

This Special Issue welcomes the latest research findings, including experimental studies, observational studies, clinical trials and review articles. We particularly welcome those research teams that are looking at the effects of food processing on the antioxidant content of bioactive compounds in food. We believe that this Special Issue will highlight the most recent advances across all aspects of food and dietary antioxidants. We look forward to your contribution.

Dr. Anna Maria Witkowska
Dr. Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • vitamins
  • polyphenols
  • minerals
  • food
  • nutrition
  • food processing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3108 KiB  
Article
Phytochemical Characterization of Bilberries and Their Potential as a Functional Ingredient to Mitigate Ochratoxin A Toxicity in Cereal-Based Products
by Denisia Pașca, Massimo Frangiamone, Luciano Mangiapelo, Pilar Vila-Donat, Oana Mîrza, Ana-Maria Vlase, Doina Miere, Lorena Filip, Jordi Mañes, Felicia Loghin and Lara Manyes
Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3137; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183137 - 17 Sep 2024
Viewed by 919
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of cereals and cereal-based products is a serious problem for food safety. Antioxidant-rich ingredients such as bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L., VM) may mitigate their harmful effects. Firstly, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and analytical phytochemical composition (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, [...] Read more.
Mycotoxin contamination of cereals and cereal-based products is a serious problem for food safety. Antioxidant-rich ingredients such as bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L., VM) may mitigate their harmful effects. Firstly, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and analytical phytochemical composition (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids, flavanols, flavonols, and anthocyanins) were assessed in lyophilized wild bilberries from Romania. Secondly, this study evaluated bilberries’ effects on reducing ochratoxin A (OTA) bioaccessibility and cytotoxicity. An in vitro digestion model was developed and applied to four different types of bread: Control, VM (2%), OTA (15.89 ± 0.13 mg/kg), and OTA (16.79 ± 0.55 mg/kg)-VM (2%). The results indicated that VM decreased OTA bioaccessibility by 15% at the intestinal level. OTA-VM digests showed improved Caco-2 cell viability in comparison to OTA digests across different exposure times. Regarding the alterations in Jurkat cell line cell cycle phases and apoptosis/necrosis, significant increases in cell death were observed using OTA digests (11%), while VM addition demonstrated a protective effect (1%). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis confirmed these findings, with OTA-VM digests showing significantly lower ROS levels compared to OTA digests, resulting in a 3.7-fold decrease. Thus, bilberries exhibit high potential as a functional ingredient, demonstrating protection in OTA mitigation effects. Full article
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14 pages, 1278 KiB  
Article
Postprandial Antioxidative Response to Ingestion of Formulated Date- and Fruit-Based Nutritional Bars by Healthy Individuals
by Manahel A. Alolyan, Hani A. Alfheeaid, Ahmad H. Alhowail, Majed M. Alamri, Modhi S. Alghasham, Nada A. Alzunaidy and Hassan Barakat
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1794; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111794 - 6 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1564
Abstract
Nutritional bars (NBs) are gaining popularity among healthy and athletic individuals, but postprandial antioxidative response has not been investigated. Therefore, the current study examined the postprandial alterations in total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in [...] Read more.
Nutritional bars (NBs) are gaining popularity among healthy and athletic individuals, but postprandial antioxidative response has not been investigated. Therefore, the current study examined the postprandial alterations in total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the plasma of healthy individuals after the ingestion of 140 g (510 Kcal) from formulated date-based bars (DBBs) or fruit-based bars (FBBs). Firstly, the free and bound phenolic contents (PCs) were determined to be 10.15 and 12.98 and 6.19 and 3.57 mg GAE g−1, respectively. FBBs were significantly higher in free PC than DBBs, while DBBs were considerably higher in bound PC than FBBs. Secondly, twenty participants with age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and fat-free mass averages of 21.4 years, 170.0 cm, 66.3 kg, 22.9 kg m2, 14.5, and 29.2 kg, respectively, were subjected to metabolic experiments (ISRCTN19386758). Ingestion of 140 g of FBB or DBB resulted in 288.50 or 302.14 µg TPC mL−1 blood, respectively. Postprandial TPC content increased with time progression and peaked after 120 min. T-AOC contents averaged 22.63 and 23.61 U mL−1 before ingestion of FBBs or DBBs, respectively. The T-AOC content increased significantly 120 and 180 min after ingestion of DBBs, while no significant change was noted after consuming FBBs. A significant decrease in MDA content was observed 180 min after consuming DBBs, while no significant change was noted after consuming FBBs. SOD concentrations ranged from 193.99 to 201.07 U L−1 in FBBs and DBBs, respectively. No considerable response was noted up to 3 h after ingestion of FBBs. On the contrary, a significant response was found 120 min after consuming DBBs. Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated a highly significant positive correlation coefficient (p < 0.01) between T-AOC and either MDA or SOD, as well as between MDA and SOD. The principal component analysis demonstrated a strong and positive relationship between SOD and TPC at 60 and 120 min after DBB ingestion. In conclusion, the relative changes in postprandial responses in T-AOC and MDA did not significantly (p > 0.05) differ between DBBs and FBBs, except for TPC (p = 0.04, paired t-test) and SOD (p = 0.003, paired t-test). Further studies with an extended experimental time are needed to confirm the current findings. Full article
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