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Nutrients
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Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies
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Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2024) | Viewed by 5446

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza

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Guest Editor
Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka St. 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: chronic kidney disease; dialysis; transplantation; diabetes; vitamins; liver; pancreas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Szczuko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: nutrition; inflammation; metabolism; diabetes; microbiome; short-chain fatty acids; vitamins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is expected to become one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to a lack of access to appropriate methods for diagnosing and treating kidney disease. As a chronic disease, it inevitably leads to a deterioration in the patient's quality of life and malnutrition.

Intestinal microflora has been associated with the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Untreated diabetes may lead to impaired kidney function. A promising approach to diabetes-related diseases focuses on modulating the intestinal microflora using prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and transplantation of fecal microorganisms. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we focus on the role of intestinal microflora in chronic kidney disease. Our spectrum of interests also includes other kidney diseases.

Microorganisms may play a role in the pathogenesis and prevention of kidney stones, which is problematic as it facilitates the participation of the intestinal microbiome, the impact of antibiotics, and the role of probiotics. Randall's plaques are considered a source of calcium oxalate stone formation. However, the microbiome, including nanobacteria, urease-producing bacteria, and intestinal microflora, influence urological health. Therefore, we invite articles investigating the broadly understood impact of the microbiome, both negative and positive, on the course of diseases related to kidney dysfunction.

Dr. Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
Prof. Dr. Małgorzata Szczuko
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • chronic kidney disease
  • intestinal microflora
  • prebiotics
  • probiotics
  • synbiotics
  • the atransplantation of fecal microorganisms

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4279 KiB  
Article
Treatment with Gac Fruit Extract and Probiotics Reduces Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Chronic Kidney Disease Rats
by Panumas Kamkang, Pakkapon Rattanachaisit, Weerapat Anegkamol, Mana Taweevisit, Suwimol Sapwarobol, Somying Tumwasorn, Natthaya Chuaypen and Thasinas Dissayabutra
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2997; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172997 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1161
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 850 million people worldwide, contributing to morbidity and mortality, particularly through cardiovascular disease (CVD). The altered composition in CKD patients leads to increased production and absorption of uremic toxins such as trimethylamine (TMA) and its oxidized [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 850 million people worldwide, contributing to morbidity and mortality, particularly through cardiovascular disease (CVD). The altered composition in CKD patients leads to increased production and absorption of uremic toxins such as trimethylamine (TMA) and its oxidized form, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which are associated with cardiovascular risks. This study investigated the potential of supplementary interventions with high-carotenoid-content gac fruit extract and probiotics to mitigate serum TMAO by modulating the gut microbiota. We conducted an animal study involving 48 male Wistar rats, divided into six groups: the control, CKD control, and four treatment groups receiving gac fruit extract, carotenoid extract, or combinations with Ligilactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus casei as a standard probiotic. CKD was induced in rats using cisplatin and they were supplemented with choline to enhance TMA production. The measures included serum creatinine, TMAO levels, gut microbiota composition, and the expression of fecal TMA lyase and intestinal zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1). CKD rats showed increased TMA production and elevated serum levels of TMAO. Treatment with gac fruit extract and selective probiotics significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota by decreasing Actinobacteriota abundance and increasing the abundance of Bacteroides. This combination effectively promoted ZO-1 expression, reduced fecal TMA lyase, and subsequently lowered serum TMAO levels, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of these interventions. Our results highlight the benefits of gac fruit extract combined with probiotics for the effective reduction in serum TMAO levels in rats with CKD, supporting the further exploration of dietary and microbial interventions to improve outcomes in patients with CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies)
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13 pages, 1639 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients Undergoing Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
by Giovanna Yazmín Arteaga-Muller, Samantha Flores-Treviño, Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias, Diana Robles-Espino, Elvira Garza-González, Graciela Catalina Fabela-Valdez and Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
Nutrients 2024, 16(8), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16081109 - 10 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2016
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function in which gut dysbiosis is involved. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be a promising alternative for restoring gut microbiota and treating CKD. This study evaluated the changes in CKD progression in patients [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function in which gut dysbiosis is involved. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be a promising alternative for restoring gut microbiota and treating CKD. This study evaluated the changes in CKD progression in patients treated with FMT. Patients with diabetes and/or hypertension with CKD clinical stages 2, 3, and 4 in this single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT04361097) were randomly assigned to receive either FMT or placebo capsules for 6 months. Laboratory and stool metagenomic analyses were performed. A total of 28 patients were included (15 FMT and 13 placebo). Regardless of CKD stages, patients responded similarly to FMT treatment. More patients (53.8%) from the placebo group progressed to CKD than the FMT group (13.3%). The FMT group maintained stable renal function parameters (serum creatinine and urea nitrogen) compared to the placebo group. Adverse events after FMT treatment were mild or moderate gastrointestinal symptoms. The abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased whereas Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Roseburia spp. increased in the FMT group. CKD patients showed less disease progression after FMT administration. The administration of oral FMT in patients with CKD is a safe strategy, does not represent a risk, and has potential benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies)
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Review

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18 pages, 1639 KiB  
Review
The Influence of Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Interventions on the Course of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
by Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza, Inga Łopuszyńska, Grzegorz Niewiński, Edward Franek and Małgorzata Szczuko
Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3216; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183216 - 23 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1892
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) includes autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive (ARPKD) forms, both of which are primary genetic causes of kidney disease in adults and children. ADPKD is the most common hereditary kidney disease, with a prevalence of 329 cases per million [...] Read more.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) includes autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive (ARPKD) forms, both of which are primary genetic causes of kidney disease in adults and children. ADPKD is the most common hereditary kidney disease, with a prevalence of 329 cases per million in Europe. This condition accounts for 5–15% of end-stage chronic kidney disease (ESKD) cases, and in developed countries such as Poland, 8–10% of all dialysis patients have ESKD due to ADPKD. The disease is caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, with PKD1 mutations responsible for 85% of cases, leading to a more aggressive disease course. Recent research suggests that ADPKD involves a metabolic defect contributing to cystic epithelial proliferation and cyst growth. Aim: This review explores the interplay between metabolism, obesity, and ADPKD, discussing dietary and pharmacological strategies that target these metabolic abnormalities to slow disease progression. Conclusion: Metabolic reprogramming therapies, including GLP-1 analogs and dual agonists of GIP/GLP-1 or glucagon/GLP-1 receptors, show promise, though further research is needed to understand their potential in ADPKD treatment fully. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies)
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