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The Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet across Diverse Chronic Health Conditions

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 5017

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Joffrey Zoll

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CRBS, UR3072: Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
Interests: mitochondria; nutrition; skeletal muscle; ketogenic diet; intermittent fasting; physical exercise
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the Ketogenic Diet, characterized by a high-fat and low-carbohydrate intake, has gained popularity in treating various conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the scientific evidence supporting its beneficial effects remains limited, and there is a need for further research to better understand its potential adverse effects.

This Special Issue, titled "The Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet across Diverse Chronic Health Conditions", aims to delve into the diet's impact on diseases. Articles may focus on obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, metabolic liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy, autoimmune disease, or any other chronic health condition.

The objective of this issue is to elucidate the Ketogenic Diet's role in various aspects of preventing and managing metabolic conditions. Contributions from human, animal, and in vitro studies are welcome to enhance our understanding of the Ketogenic Diet.

Through this Special Issue, we aspire to furnish healthcare professionals and the scientific community with new evidence supporting diet-related approaches and their effects on metabolic diseases, ultimately enhancing patient dietary management. Moreover, we aim to shed light on the potential adverse effects of various diets, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of the Ketogenic Diet's therapeutic potential.

Dr. Joffrey Zoll
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ketogenic diet
  • high fat
  • low carbohydrate
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • cancer
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • dyslipidemia
  • cardiovascular disease
  • metabolic liver disease
  • neurodegenerative disease
  • preventing and managing metabolic conditions
  • patient dietary management
  • human studies
  • animal studies
  • in vitro studies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1525 KiB  
Article
Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in Women with Obesity and Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Interventional Study
by Jacopo Ciaffi, Luana Mancarella, Giulia Pederzani, Lucia Lisi, Veronica Brusi, Federica Pignatti, Susanna Ricci, Giorgia Vitali, Cesare Faldini and Francesco Ursini
Nutrients 2024, 16(19), 3236; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193236 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2074
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Obesity is a major risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA), and weight loss is crucial for its management. This pilot study explores the effects of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) in women with obesity and symptomatic knee OA. Methods: Women with [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Obesity is a major risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA), and weight loss is crucial for its management. This pilot study explores the effects of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) in women with obesity and symptomatic knee OA. Methods: Women with symptomatic knee OA and obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, were eligible for the VLCKD protocol. The intervention included a ketogenic phase from baseline (T0) to the 8th week (T8), followed by a progressive reintroduction of carbohydrates over the next 12 weeks, ending at the 20th week (T20). Body mass index (BMI), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index, the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D), and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were assessed at all time points. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between BMI and patient-reported outcomes across the study period. Results: Twenty participants started the study, but four discontinued the intervention, with two of these being due to adverse effects. The mean age of the 16 patients who completed the 20-week program was 57.3 ± 5.5 years, and their mean BMI was 40.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2. The mean BMI significantly decreased to 37.5 ± 4.5 at T4, 36.3 ± 4.6 at T8, and 34.8 ± 4.8 at T20 (all p < 0.001 compared to baseline). The total WOMAC score improved from a mean of 43.6 ± 16.9 at T0 to 30.2 ± 12.8 at T4 (p = 0.005) and further to 24.7 ± 10.6 at T8 (p = 0.001) and to 24.8 ± 15.9 at T20 (p = 0.005). The reduction in BMI was significantly correlated with the improvements in WOMAC, EQ-5D, and SF-36 over time. No major adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: A 20-week VLCKD in women with obesity and knee OA significantly reduced their weight and improved their outcomes, warranting further research. This trial is registered with number NCT05848544 on ClinicalTrials.gov. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet across Diverse Chronic Health Conditions)
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17 pages, 1503 KiB  
Article
Comparative Efficacy of Low-Carbohydrate and Ketogenic Diets on Diabetic Retinopathy and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Monya T. Jawharji, Ghedeir M. Alshammari, Manal Abdulaziz Binobead, Nouf Mohammed Albanyan, Laila Naif Al-Harbi and Mohammed Abdo Yahya
Nutrients 2024, 16(18), 3074; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16183074 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1108
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) on diabetic retinopathy in high-fat diet-induced diabetes mellitus in rats and studied the mechanisms of action. Rats were divided into four groups: the Control group, which was [...] Read more.
This study examined the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) on diabetic retinopathy in high-fat diet-induced diabetes mellitus in rats and studied the mechanisms of action. Rats were divided into four groups: the Control group, which was fed a normal diet for 16 weeks; the HFD group, which was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for the first 8 weeks and then switched to a normal diet for 8 weeks; the HFD+LCD group, fed a HFD for 8 weeks followed by an LCD for 8 weeks, and the HFD+LCKD group, which was fed a HFD for 8 weeks followed by an LCKD for 8 more weeks. Both the LCD and the LCKD effectively reduced the final body and total fat weights and decreased fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1 (HbA1C), triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL-c. They also reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial factor, caspapse-3, and bax. In the HFD rats, we found increased serum levels of β-Hydroxybutyrate and upregulated expression of Bcl2, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and hemeoxygenase-1. Moreover, the LCD and LCKD significantly reduced mRNA levels of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and enhanced mRNA and nuclear concentrations of nuclear factor erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2). All these effects were associated with improved layers of the retina in the HFD − LCD and HFD + LCKD rats but not in HFD animals. The impact of the LCKD was always more profound on all measured parameters and on improving the structure of the retina compared to the LCD. In conclusion, the LCKD is superior to the LCD in preventing diabetic retinopathy in HFD-fed rats. Mechanistically, our results suggest that the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic conditions and the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects may be involved in the preventative effects of the LCD and LCKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet across Diverse Chronic Health Conditions)
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12 pages, 2117 KiB  
Article
Ketogenic Diet Protects from Experimental Colitis in a Mouse Model Regardless of Dietary Fat Source
by Lotta Toivio, Jere Lindén, Markku Lehto, Hanne Salmenkari and Riitta Korpela
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1348; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091348 - 29 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
While ketogenic diets (KDs) may have potential as adjunct treatments for gastrointestinal diseases, there is little knowledge on how the fat source of these diets impacts intestinal health. The objective of this study was to investigate how the source of dietary fat of [...] Read more.
While ketogenic diets (KDs) may have potential as adjunct treatments for gastrointestinal diseases, there is little knowledge on how the fat source of these diets impacts intestinal health. The objective of this study was to investigate how the source of dietary fat of KD influences experimental colitis. We fed nine-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 36) with a low-fat control diet or KD high either in saturated fatty acids (SFA-KD) or polyunsaturated linoleic acid (LA-KD) for four weeks and then induced colitis with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). To compare the diets, we analyzed macroscopic and histological changes in the colon, intestinal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate−dextran (FITC–dextran), and the colonic expression of tight junction proteins and inflammatory markers. While the effects were more pronounced with LA-KD, both KDs markedly alleviated DSS-induced histological lesions. LA-KD prevented inflammation-related weight loss and the shortening of the colon, as well as preserved Il1b and Tnf expression at a healthy level. Despite no significant between-group differences in permeability to FITC–dextran, LA-KD mitigated changes in tight junction protein expression. Thus, KDs may have preventive potential against intestinal inflammation, with the level of the effect being dependent on the dietary fat source. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet across Diverse Chronic Health Conditions)
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