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Nutrients
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Dietary Guidelines for Liver Metabolism
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Dietary Guidelines for Liver Metabolism

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2024) | Viewed by 19376

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Silvia Ferri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Interests: metabolic syndrome; liver diseases; NAFLD/NASH; chronic low-grade inflammation; dietary patterns; Mediterranean diet
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The liver is the metabolic power plant of the organism, playing a central role in regulating energy balance, synthesizing molecules used by all organs and tissues, and converting molecules of one type to another, including the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics as alcohol. The major functions of the liver include the metabolism of carbohydrates (glycogenesis, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis), fats (triglycerides’ oxidation and the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, bile acids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins), and proteins (synthesis of non-essential amino acids and the majority of plasma proteins, and the removal of ammonia by the synthesis of urea). Due to its central role in the metabolic process, liver disease can represent both the cause and effect of metabolic disruption: in physiological conditions, the liver maintains metabolic homeostasis, but when pathology occurs, different degrees and etiologies of diseases can significantly affect its contribution to the metabolic process. Therefore, specific dietary approaches are necessary to preserve liver health in normal conditions, to help to maintain liver function in compensated diseases, and to support it without overloading the residual function in decompensated and end-stage liver diseases.

Nutrients, in particular the Special Issue entitled: “Dietary Guidelines for Liver Metabolism”, has been developed to address this important topic. Researchers are invited to submit original research, protocol developments, methodological studies, narrative or systematic reviews, and meta-analyses in relation to this topic.

Dr. Silvia Ferri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dietary patterns
  • liver metabolism
  • chronic liver disease
  • NAFLD/NASH
  • end-stage liver disease
  • nutraceutical supplements
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • metabolic syndrome
  • alcohol metabolism

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 444 KiB  
Article
Impact of Health Related QoL and Mediterranean Diet on Liver Fibrosis in Patients with NAFLD
by Nuria Perez-Diaz-del-Campo, Gabriele Castelnuovo, Chiara Rosso, Aurora Nicolosi, Marta Guariglia, Eleonora Dileo, Angelo Armandi, Gian Paolo Caviglia and Elisabetta Bugianesi
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 3018; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133018 - 2 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1769
Abstract
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) display impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that is often linked to an unhealthy dietary pattern. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of HRQoL and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on the [...] Read more.
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) display impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that is often linked to an unhealthy dietary pattern. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of HRQoL and adherence to the Mediterranean diet on the risk of liver fibrosis (LF) in patients with NAFLD. LF was assessed in 244 patients through transient elastography (FibroScan®530. Echosens, Paris, France). Significant LF was defined according to liver stiffness measurements (LSM) values ≥ 7.1 kPa. The Mediterranean diet score and the Short Form-36 questionnaires were also completed. The median age was 54 (44–62) years and 57% of participants were male. A total of 42 (17.2%) participants had LSM ≥ 7.1 kPa and showed increased GGT (p = 0.001), glucose (p < 0.001), and triglycerides levels (p = 0.015) compared to those with LSM ≤7.0 kPa. Moreover, patients with significant LF had significantly lower scores related to Physical Functioning (p < 0.001) and Role Physical (p < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, lower role physical and lower adherence to the MedDiet (p = 0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively), after adjusting for age, diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea, were associated with an increased risk of significant LF. Low adherence to MedDiet and low role physical may influence the risk of significant liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Guidelines for Liver Metabolism)
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Review

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35 pages, 1190 KiB  
Review
Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review
by Ernestina Santangeli, Chiara Abbati, Rusi Chen, Alma Di Carlo, Simona Leoni, Fabio Piscaglia and Silvia Ferri
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030427 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3061
Abstract
In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent the leading cause of liver disease. The classical clinical presentation of the cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. [...] Read more.
In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent the leading cause of liver disease. The classical clinical presentation of the cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. Due to an obesogenic lifestyle (lack of physical activity and overall malnutrition, with an excess of caloric intake together with a deficit of proteins and micronutrients), these patients frequently develop a complex clinical condition defined as sarcopenic obesity (SO). The interplay between cirrhosis and SO lies in the sharing of multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including malnutrition/malabsorption, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia and insulin resistance. The presence of SO worsens the outcome of cirrhotic patients, affecting overall morbidity and mortality. International nutrition and liver diseases societies strongly agree on recommending the use of food as an integral part of the healing process in the comprehensive management of these patients, including a reduction in caloric intake, protein and micronutrient supplementation and sodium restriction. Based on the pathophysiological paths shared by cirrhosis and SO, this narrative review aims to highlight the nutritional interventions currently advocated by international guidelines, as well as to provide hints on the possible role of micronutrients and nutraceuticals in the treatment of this multifaceted clinical condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Guidelines for Liver Metabolism)
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19 pages, 931 KiB  
Review
Dietary Patterns, Foods, and Nutrients to Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Scoping Review
by Sofía Montemayor, Silvia García, Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida, Josep A. Tur and Cristina Bouzas
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3987; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183987 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 8997
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease without pharmacological treatment yet. There is also a lack of specific dietary recommendations and strategies to treat the negative health impacts derived from NAFLD. Objective: This scoping review [...] Read more.
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease without pharmacological treatment yet. There is also a lack of specific dietary recommendations and strategies to treat the negative health impacts derived from NAFLD. Objective: This scoping review aimed to compile dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients to ameliorate NAFLD. Methods: A literature search was performed through MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: Several guidelines are available through the literature. Hypocaloric Mediterranean diet is the most accepted dietary pattern to tackle NAFLD. Coffee consumption (sugar free) may have a protective effect for NAFLD. Microbiota also plays a role in NAFLD; hence, fibre intake should be guaranteed. Conclusions: A high-quality diet could improve liver steatosis. Weight loss through hypocaloric diet together with physical activity and limited sugar intake are good strategies for managing NAFLD. Specific dietary recommendations and a Mediterranean plate have been proposed to ameliorate NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Guidelines for Liver Metabolism)
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40 pages, 1306 KiB  
Review
Nutritional and Lifestyle Therapy for NAFLD in People with HIV
by Felice Cinque, Annalisa Cespiati, Rosa Lombardi, Giovanni Guaraldi and Giada Sebastiani
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1990; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081990 - 20 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4862
Abstract
HIV infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two major epidemics affecting millions of people worldwide. As people with HIV (PWH) age, there is an increased prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, along with unique HIV factors, such as HIV chronic inflammation and life-long [...] Read more.
HIV infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two major epidemics affecting millions of people worldwide. As people with HIV (PWH) age, there is an increased prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, along with unique HIV factors, such as HIV chronic inflammation and life-long exposure to antiretroviral therapy, which leads to a high prevalence of NAFLD. An unhealthy lifestyle, with a high dietary intake of refined carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, fructose added beverages, and processed red meat, as well as physical inactivity, are known to trigger and promote the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, with no currently approved pharmacotherapy and a lack of clinical trials that are inclusive of HIV, nutritional and lifestyle approaches still represent the most recommended treatments for PWH with NAFLD. While sharing common features with the general population, NAFLD in PWH displays its own peculiarities that may also reflect different impacts of nutrition and exercise on its onset and treatment. Therefore, in this narrative review, we aimed to explore the role of nutrients in the development of NAFLD in PWH. In addition, we discussed the nutritional and lifestyle approaches to managing NAFLD in the setting of HIV, with insights into the role of gut microbiota and lean NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Guidelines for Liver Metabolism)
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