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Update on Diet, Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes: Separating the...
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Update on Diet, Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes: Separating the Science from the Hype

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 September 2024) | Viewed by 3134

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Martin M. Grajower

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York, NY, USA
Interests: diet and nutrition; behavioral science; order of foods; insulin resistance; weight loss

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We all talk about it, but few patients follow our advice. In this Special Issue, we will explore both organic and behavioral science relating to diet and nutrition in patients with type 2 diabetes. We will address cultural differences in food intake and attitudes towards food that should factor in when we make nutritional suggestions to our patients. We will review what is known about the timing of what and when we eat and the effect on insulin resistance and weight loss. We will look ahead to upcoming topics such as personalizing advice based on genetics.

All scholars are welcome to submit their relevant research results to this Special Issue, including but not limited to articles and reviews.

Dr. Martin M. Grajower
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet and nutrition
  • diabetes
  • behavioral science
  • cultural aspects
  • personalized medicine
  • genetics
  • order of foods
  • insulin resistance
  • weight loss

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 716 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Changes in Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential for Dietary Changes in Diabetes Prevention
by Yuliang Huang, Yani Wu, Yao Zhang, He Bai, Ruiheng Peng, Wenli Ruan, Qianlong Zhang, Enmao Cai, Mingfeng Ma, Yueyang Zhao, Ying Lu and Liqiang Zheng
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1711; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111711 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 1167
Abstract
Background: A gut-microbial metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Few previous prospective studies have addressed associations between the changes in TMAO and T2DM incidence. Methods: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort conducted from 2019 to [...] Read more.
Background: A gut-microbial metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Few previous prospective studies have addressed associations between the changes in TMAO and T2DM incidence. Methods: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort conducted from 2019 to 2021 in rural areas of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province, China, and 1515 diabetes-free participants aged above 35 years were included. The concentrations of serum TMAO and its precursors were measured at two time points, namely in 2019 and 2021. TMAO and TMAO changes (ΔTMAO) were separately tested in a logistic regression model. For further examination, the odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM were calculated according to a combination of TMAO levels and ΔTMAO levels. Results: During a median follow-up of 1.85 years, 81 incident cases of T2DM (5.35%) were identified. Baseline TMAO levels exhibited a nonlinear relationship, first decreasing and then increasing, and only at the highest quartile was it associated with the risk of T2DM. The OR for T2DM in the highest quartile of serum TMAO was 3.35 (95%CI: 1.55–7.26, p = 0.002), compared with the lowest quartile. As for its precursors, only choline level was associated with T2DM risk and the OR for T2DM in the Q3 and Q4 of serum choline was 3.37 (95%CI: 1.41–8.05, p = 0.006) and 4.72 (95%CI: 1.47–15.13, p = 0.009), respectively. When considering both baseline TMAO levels and ΔTMAO over time, participants with sustained high TMAO levels demonstrated a significantly increased risk of T2DM, with a multivariable-adjusted OR of 8.68 (95%CI: 1.97, 38.34). Conclusion: Both initial serum TMAO levels and long-term serum TMAO changes were collectively and significantly associated with the occurrence of subsequent T2DM events. Interventions aimed at normalizing TMAO levels, such as adopting a healthy dietary pattern, may be particularly beneficial in T2DM prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Diet, Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes: Separating the Science from the Hype)
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Review

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9 pages, 213 KiB  
Review
The Influence of Diverse Cultures on Nutrition, Diabetes Management and Patient Education
by Jessica Shapiro and Martin M. Grajower
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3771; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213771 - 2 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1648
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Providing relevant, patient-centered care starts with recognizing that patients living with diabetes are racially and ethnically diverse, which will influence their dietary behaviors. Methods: The authors draw upon literature descriptions and personal experience in clinical practice dealing with ethnically diverse populations [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Providing relevant, patient-centered care starts with recognizing that patients living with diabetes are racially and ethnically diverse, which will influence their dietary behaviors. Methods: The authors draw upon literature descriptions and personal experience in clinical practice dealing with ethnically diverse populations and include guidance offered in the literature regarding how to address these unique aspects when managing and educating patients with diabetes. Results: Proper interviewing techniques are described when dealing with culturally diverse populations, including ascertaining cultural, religious, and ethnic influences on dietary choices, and advice is given on how to improve nutritional behavior in these patients while acknowledging and validating these influences. Conclusions: When a proper nutrition interview is conducted, such as using motivational interviewing, aspects of the patient’s cultural, religious, ethnic, and other influences can be ascertained, and appropriate advice can be given to the patient on how to modify these influences to achieve a healthier nutritional behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Diet, Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes: Separating the Science from the Hype)
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