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Nutrients
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Feeding in Preterm Infants—2nd Edition
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Feeding in Preterm Infants—2nd Edition

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 5808

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Arianna Aceti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Interests: neonatal; nutrition and growth; neonatal microbiota
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues，

The purpose of this Special Issue, “Feeding in Preterm Infants”, is to explore the most up-to-date available evidence about the role of nutrition for the short- and long-term health of infants born preterm.

Nutrition in early life plays a key role in shaping an infant’s future health. Human milk (HM) is known to exert a series of beneficial effects, including improved neurological, immunological, and metabolic outcomes. Several functional components of HM, including but not limited to HM oligosaccharides, bioactive proteins, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and HM microbiota, have been proposed as relevant contributors to improved health outcomes in HM-fed infants, and research on this topic is continuously evolving.

Considering the success of the previous Special Issue entitled "Feeding in Preterm Infants", we are pleased to announce that we are launching a second Special Issue on this topic. The objective of this Special Issue entitled “Feeding in Preterm Infants II” is to continue to collect original research and review articles about relevant and intriguing aspects of preterm infants’ nutrition, with a specific focus on human milk and clinical outcomes related to infant feeding.

Dr. Arianna Aceti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • infant feeding
  • human milk
  • human milk oligosaccharides
  • human milk and gut microbiota
  • parenteral nutrition
  • long-term effects of neonatal nutrition

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 524 KiB  
Article
Non Breast-Milk-Fed Very Preterm Infants Are at Increased Risk of Iron Deficiency at 4–6-Months Corrected Age: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study
by Grace Power, Lisa Morrison, Ketan Kulkarni, Hudson Barr, Marsha Campbell-Yeo, Balpreet Singh, Alexandra Stratas, Carmen Landry, Michelle Higgins and Satvinder Ghotra
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 407; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030407 - 30 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2049
Abstract
Iron supplementation is routinely recommended for breast-milk-fed preterm infants. However, the Canadian Pediatric Society recommends no additional iron supplementation for preterm infants fed primarily with iron-rich formula. Other pediatric societies don’t provide specific guidance on supplemental iron for formula-fed preterm infants. This study [...] Read more.
Iron supplementation is routinely recommended for breast-milk-fed preterm infants. However, the Canadian Pediatric Society recommends no additional iron supplementation for preterm infants fed primarily with iron-rich formula. Other pediatric societies don’t provide specific guidance on supplemental iron for formula-fed preterm infants. This study investigated how feeding type influences iron status of very preterm infants at 4–6-months corrected age (CA). A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a population-based database on all very preterm infants (<31 weeks gestational age) born in Nova Scotia, Canada from 2005–2018. Information about feeding type, iron intake from formula, supplemental iron therapy and iron status at 4–6-months CA was extracted. Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as serum ferritin <20 and <12 µg/L at 4-and 6-months CA, respectively. Of 392 infants, 107 were “breast-milk-fed” (exclusively or partially) and 285 were “not breast-milk-fed” (exclusively fed with iron-rich formula) at 4–6-months CA. Total daily iron intake was higher in the non-breast-milk-fed group (2.6 mg/kg/day versus 2.0 mg/kg/day). Despite this, 36.8% of non-breast-milk-fed infants developed ID versus 20.6% of breast-milk-fed infants. ID is significantly more prevalent in non-breast-milk-fed infants than breast-milk-fed infants despite higher iron intake. This suggests the need to revisit recommendations for iron supplementation in non-breast-milk-fed preterm infants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeding in Preterm Infants—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 1768 KiB  
Communication
The Sterilization of Human Milk by Holder Pasteurization or by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Leads to Differential Intestinal Effects in Mice
by Lionel Carneiro, Lucie Marousez, Matthias Van Hul, Léa Chantal Tran, Marie De Lamballerie, Delphine Ley, Patrice D. Cani, Claude Knauf and Jean Lesage
Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 4043; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15184043 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1671
Abstract
Background: Human milk banks (HMBs) provide sterilized donor milk (DM) for the feeding of preterm infants. Most HMBs use the standard method of Holder pasteurization (HoP) performed by heating DM at 62.5 °C for 30 min. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been [...] Read more.
Background: Human milk banks (HMBs) provide sterilized donor milk (DM) for the feeding of preterm infants. Most HMBs use the standard method of Holder pasteurization (HoP) performed by heating DM at 62.5 °C for 30 min. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing has been proposed as an alternative to HoP. This study aims to evaluate intestinal barrier integrity and microbiota composition in adult mice subjected to a chronic oral administration of HoP- or HHP-DM. Methods: Mice were treated by daily gavages with HoP- or HHP-DM over seven days. Intestinal barrier integrity was assessed through in vivo 4 kDa FITC–dextran permeability assay and mRNA expression of several tight junctions and mucins in ileum and colon. Cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota were analyzed. Results: HHP-DM mice displayed decreased intestinal permeability to FITC–dextran and increased ileal mRNA expression levels of two tight junctions (Ocln and Cdh1) and Muc2. In the colon, mRNA expression levels of two tight junctions (Cdh1 and Tjp1) and of two mucins (Muc2 and Muc4) were decreased in HHP-DM mice. Cecal SCFAs and microbiota were not different between groups. Conclusions: HHP processing of DM reinforces intestinal barrier integrity in vivo without affecting gut microbiota and SCFAs production. This study reinforces previous findings showing that DM sterilization through HHP might be beneficial for the intestinal maturation of preterm infants compared with the use of HoP for the treatment of DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeding in Preterm Infants—2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 1165 KiB  
Article
Early Energy Intake and Amino Acid Profile in Preterm Newborns: A Quasi-Experimental Study
by Giovanni Boscarino, Claudia Carducci, Maria Giulia Conti, Maria Podagrosi, Annamaria Gigliello, Maria Di Chiara, Monica Bartolucci, Roberto Brunelli, Pasquale Parisi, Antonio Angeloni and Gianluca Terrin
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 2917; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132917 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1529
Abstract
(1) Background: An increased protein intake via parenteral nutrition (PN) in early life is associated with an improvement of the nitrogen balance in preterm newborns. However, the role of energy intake on amino acid (AA) utilization provided by PN remains to be defined. [...] Read more.
(1) Background: An increased protein intake via parenteral nutrition (PN) in early life is associated with an improvement of the nitrogen balance in preterm newborns. However, the role of energy intake on amino acid (AA) utilization provided by PN remains to be defined. We investigated the effects of energy intake on blood AA levels and profiles. (2) Methods: Quasi-experimental study including preterm very low birth weight newborns who received an energy enhanced PN (Cohort A) or an energy standard PN (Cohort B), with a similar protein amount in the first week of life. Blood AA levels were measured between three and seven days of life (T0) and at fifteen days of life (T1) and compared between the two study cohorts. (3) Results: AA levels of 40 newborns from each group were analyzed. No difference was found for total essential and non-essential blood AA concentration at T0 between the two study cohorts. At T1, we found a significantly higher blood concentration of leucine, isoleucine and proline, and a significantly lower concentration of tyrosine in Cohort B. However, multivariate analysis did not confirm this result. (4) Conclusions: An enhanced PN protocol in terms of energy but not of protein did not influence AA levels and profiles. Considering the high risk of side effects, we suggest exercising caution when administering high energy intake via PN in the first week of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeding in Preterm Infants—2nd Edition)
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