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Nutrients
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The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Health
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The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 27141

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Nakamura

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Guest Editor
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
Interests: epidemiology; allergy; environment; gene; prevention
Prof. Dr. Akinori Hara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
Interests: hygiene and public health; kidney internal medicine; personalized nutrition
Dr. Hiromasa Tsujiguchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
Interests: epidemiology; public health; biostatistics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Studies have shown that dietary total fats and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) induce detrimental effects on metabolic health, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease. On the contrary, omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, exhibit preventive effects for metabolic health, although the impacts of omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on health are controversial. The inconsistent results of epidemiological studies investigating PUFAs and MUFAs are not just a matter of the study designs; health outcomes depend on the relationship between the environment, including dietary styles, and genes representative of individual traits, the interaction of which highly influences well-being. In addition, traits are related to sex, race and age as well as other complications and  health statuses such as obesity, blood pressure or other biomarkers, which are more or less regulated by genes. Individual factors also contribute to metabolic health through their interaction with dietary FA. Biomarkers include intestinal flora, oxidative stress marker (8-OHdG, blood β-carotene and nitrotyrosine) and blood selenoprotein P. Certain mental traits, such as depression, may also be involved. This Special Issue will feature the latest findings on various factors related to dietary FA and metabolic health.

Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Nakamura
Prof. Dr. Akinori Hara
Dr. Hiromasa Tsujiguchi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • dietary fats
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • monounsaturated fatty acids
  • dyslipidemia
  • obesity
  • diabetes mellitus
  • chronic kidney disease
  • interaction between the environment and genes
  • biomarkers
  • depression
  • epidemiology

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 12728 KiB  
Article
Effect of Oleoylethanolamide-Based Dietary Supplement on Systemic Inflammation in the Development of Alimentary-Induced Obesity in Mice
by Darya Ivashkevich, Arina Ponomarenko, Igor Manzhulo, Ruslan Sultanov and Inessa Dyuizen
Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4345; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204345 - 12 Oct 2023
Viewed by 2171
Abstract
The complex effect of oleoylethanolamide-based dietary supplement (OEA-DS) was studied in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. Physiological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical methods were used to reveal differences in the changes in the weight of experimental animals, morphological changes in the spleen tissues, [...] Read more.
The complex effect of oleoylethanolamide-based dietary supplement (OEA-DS) was studied in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. Physiological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical methods were used to reveal differences in the changes in the weight of experimental animals, morphological changes in the spleen tissues, and changes in the cytokine expression profile in the spleen, blood plasma, and macrophage cell culture. First, it is shown that a hypercaloric diet high in carbohydrates and cholesterol led to the development of systemic inflammation, accompanied by organ morphological changes and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. In parallel, the use of OEA-DS reduced the intensity of cellular inflammatory reactions, accompanied by a decrease in markers of cellular inflammation and proliferation, such as CD68, Iba-1, and Ki67 in the spleen tissue, and stabilized the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα) both in animals and in cell culture. In addition, in the macrophage cell culture (RAW264.7), it was shown that OEA-DS also suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and nitrites in LPS-induced inflammation. The results of this study indicate the complex action of OEA-DS in obesity, which includes a reduction of systemic inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Health)
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11 pages, 289 KiB  
Article
Higher Intake of Vegetable Protein and Lower Intake of Animal Fats Reduce the Incidence of Diabetes in Non-Drinking Males: A Prospective Epidemiological Analysis of the Shika Study
by Aya Ogawa, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Masaharu Nakamura, Koichi Hayashi, Akinori Hara, Keita Suzuki, Sakae Miyagi, Takayuki Kannon, Chie Takazawa, Jiaye Zhao, Yasuhiro Kambayashi, Yukari Shimizu, Aki Shibata, Tadashi Konoshita, Fumihiko Suzuki, Hirohito Tsuboi, Atsushi Tajima and Hiroyuki Nakamura
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15041040 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3145
Abstract
Although nutrient intake and alcohol consumption are both closely associated with the incidence of diabetes, their interrelationships remain unclear. Therefore, we herein have investigated the interrelationships among nutrient intake, alcohol consumption, and the incidence of diabetes using longitudinal data. This study included 969 [...] Read more.
Although nutrient intake and alcohol consumption are both closely associated with the incidence of diabetes, their interrelationships remain unclear. Therefore, we herein have investigated the interrelationships among nutrient intake, alcohol consumption, and the incidence of diabetes using longitudinal data. This study included 969 residents ≥40 years living in Japan. In 2011 and 2012, a baseline study was conducted using questionnaires on basic demographics, diabetes, nutrient intake, and lifestyle habits. In 2018 and 2019, a follow-up study was performed using questionnaires and medical records on diabetes. Two-way analysis of covariance (two-way ANCOVA) was used to test the interactions of drinking habits and diabetes incidence on nutrients intake. The prospective relationship between nutrient intake at baseline and the incidence of diabetes in the follow-up stratified by drinkers and non-drinkers was evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Interactions were observed for vegetable protein intake (p = 0.023) and animal fat intake (p = 0.016) in males. Vegetable protein intake negatively correlated with the incidence of diabetes in non-drinkers (odds ratio (OR): 0.208; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.046–0.935; p = 0.041). Furthermore, animal fat intake positively correlated with the incidence of diabetes in non-drinkers (OR: 1.625; 95% CI: 1.020–2.589; p = 0.041). Therefore, vegetable protein and animal fat intakes in combination with drinking habits need to be considered for the prevention of diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Health)
14 pages, 624 KiB  
Article
Dietary Fats and Cardio-Metabolic Outcomes in a Cohort of Italian Adults
by Walter Currenti, Justyna Godos, Amer M. Alanazi, Giuseppe Grosso, Raffaele Ivan Cincione, Sandro La Vignera, Silvio Buscemi and Fabio Galvano
Nutrients 2022, 14(20), 4294; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204294 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 16255
Abstract
Background: Dietary fats, and especially saturated fatty acid (SFA), have been blamed for being the culprit in the dramatic increase in obesity and its associated diseases. However multiple systematic reviews and recent meta-analyses do not support the association between SFA and cardiovascular diseases. [...] Read more.
Background: Dietary fats, and especially saturated fatty acid (SFA), have been blamed for being the culprit in the dramatic increase in obesity and its associated diseases. However multiple systematic reviews and recent meta-analyses do not support the association between SFA and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to test whether specific types and subtypes of dietary fats are associated with metabolic outcomes in a cohort of Italian adults. Methods: Nutritional and demographic data of 1936 adults living in the south of Italy were examined. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were administered to assess the intake of total dietary fat and each specific class of dietary fat, such as SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The intake of fatty acids was also examined according to the carbon-chain length of each individual class. Cases of hypertension, type-2 diabetes and dyslipidemias were collected from previous doctor-confirmed diagnosis records (or direct measurement of blood pressure). Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, individuals reporting higher intakes of total and saturated fats were associated with lower likelihood of having hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.91 and OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.89, respectively). Moreover, higher intake of short-chain saturated fatty acids (SCSFAs) and medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFAs) was inversely associated with dyslipidemia and diabetes (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.82 and OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.72, respectively). Among MUFAs, C18:1 was inversely associated with hypertension and diabetes (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.92 and OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.67, respectively), while C14:1 intake was inversely associated only with hypertension (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88). In contrast, C20:1 intake was associated with dyslipidemia (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.33, 8.42). Regarding PUFA, C18:2 and 20:5 were inversely associated with hypertension (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.60 and OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.89, respectively). Conclusions: The consumption of SFA does not seem to be harmful to cardio-metabolic health and, on the contrary, SCSFA may exert beneficial effects. Further studies are needed to clearly validate the results of the present study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Health)
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14 pages, 518 KiB  
Article
Association between Plasma Omega-3 and Handgrip Strength According to Glycohemoglobin Levels in Older Adults: Results from NHANES 2011–2012
by Raíssa A. B. Batista, Flávia M. S. de Branco, Rafaela Nehme, Erick P. de Oliveira and Geórgia das G. Pena
Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4060; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194060 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2002
Abstract
Background: Low muscle strength is a predictor of mortality in older adults. Although the evidence concerning hyperglycemia is limited, evidence shows that omega-3 (ω-3) intake may be positively associated with muscle strength. However, the association between plasma ω-3 and muscle strength in older [...] Read more.
Background: Low muscle strength is a predictor of mortality in older adults. Although the evidence concerning hyperglycemia is limited, evidence shows that omega-3 (ω-3) intake may be positively associated with muscle strength. However, the association between plasma ω-3 and muscle strength in older adults according to glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) levels has not yet been investigated. Objective: To evaluate whether plasma ω-3 levels are associated with handgrip strength in individuals over 50 years according to HbA1c levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 950 older adults (50–85 years) from NHANES 2011–2012. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between plasma ω-3 and handgrip strength in individuals with elevated (≥5.7%) or normal HbA1c levels after adjustments for confounders. Results: Total plasma ω-3, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and alpha-linolenic acid were not associated with handgrip strength in older adults regardless of HbA1c levels. Conclusion: Plasma ω-3 levels are not associated with handgrip strength in individuals over 50 years old independent of HbA1c levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Health)
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10 pages, 722 KiB  
Article
Association between Dietary Fat Intake and Hyperuricemia in Men with Chronic Kidney Disease
by Fumika Oku, Akinori Hara, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Keita Suzuki, Kim-Oanh Pham, Fumihiko Suzuki, Sakae Miyagi, Masaharu Nakamura, Chie Takazawa, Kuniko Sato, Toru Yanagisawa, Takayuki Kannon, Atsushi Tajima and Hiroyuki Nakamura
Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2637; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132637 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2731
Abstract
Despite a close relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and uric acid level, few studies have examined the relationship between uric acid level and fat intake by kidney function status. Therefore, we investigated the association between dietary fat intake and hyperuricemia with and [...] Read more.
Despite a close relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and uric acid level, few studies have examined the relationship between uric acid level and fat intake by kidney function status. Therefore, we investigated the association between dietary fat intake and hyperuricemia with and without decreased kidney function in males living in Shika Town, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. This study included 361 males with a mean age of 60.7 years. Dietary fat and fatty acid intakes were evaluated using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Reduced kidney function was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, while hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level >7.0 mg/dL. A two-way analysis of covariance showed that saturated fatty acid (p = 0.026), monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.014), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (p = 0.022) were significantly lower in the high uric acid group than in the normal uric acid group. In multiple logistic analysis stratified by renal function, lipid intake was negatively associated with hyperuricemia in the low eGFR group. These findings suggest that higher dietary lipid/fatty acid intake may be effective in the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in men with CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Health)
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