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Nutrients
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Macronutrients Intake and Adolescent Health
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Macronutrients Intake and Adolescent Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2019) | Viewed by 35090

Special Issue Editors

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sarah P. Garnett

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1.The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia
2.The University of Sydney Children’s Hospital Medical School, Westmead 2145, Australia
Interests: prevention and treatment of adolescent obesity and type 2 diabetes through dietary interventions
Dr. Megan Gow

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1.The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead 2145, Australia
2. The University of Sydney Children’s Hospital Medical School, Westmead 2145, Australia
Interests: Prevention and treatment of obesity and cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The association between the macronutrient content of the diet and health has been an interest of researchers and consumers over the last few decades. This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Macronutrient Intake and Adolescent Health”, welcomes the submission of manuscripts either describing original research or high quality reviews focusing on the impact of diets with a specific macronutrient content, including low carbohydrate diets, increased protein diets and low fat diets, on the health of adolescents. Manuscripts should cover the effects of macronutrient intake on various aspects of adolescent health, including obesity, cardiovascular disease risk, diabetes risk, the microbiome and psychological wellbeing. We also encourage submissions on macronutrient intake and physical activity as strategies for improving adolescent health.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sarah P. Garnett
Dr. Megan Gow
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Adolescent
  • Carbohydrate
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Macronutrient
  • Diet
  • Health

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 292 KiB  
Article
Animal Protein Intake Is Associated with General Adiposity in Adolescents: The Teen Food and Development Study
by Gina Segovia-Siapco, Golandam Khayef, Peter Pribis, Keiji Oda, Ella Haddad and Joan Sabaté
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010110 - 31 Dec 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5485
Abstract
Protein plays a crucial role in the growth and development of adolescents. However, being a secondary energy source, protein’s role in obesity has been sidelined. We examined whether intake of protein (total, animal, plant), branched-chain (BCAAs), and sulfur-containing (SCAAs) amino acids are associated [...] Read more.
Protein plays a crucial role in the growth and development of adolescents. However, being a secondary energy source, protein’s role in obesity has been sidelined. We examined whether intake of protein (total, animal, plant), branched-chain (BCAAs), and sulfur-containing (SCAAs) amino acids are associated with general body and central obesity and body composition in a cross-sectional study among healthy adolescents. Students aged 12–18 years old (n = 601) in schools near two major Adventist universities in California and Michigan provided dietary data via a validated web-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and anthropometric data during school visits. Intakes of total, animal, and plant proteins, and BCAAs and SCAAs were derived from FFQ data. We defined general body obesity with body-mass-index-for-age (BMIz) z-scores and central obesity with waist-to-height ratios (WHtR). After full adjustment for covariates, multiple regression analyses showed significant positive associations between intakes of total protein (β = 0.101, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.161), animal protein (β = 0.118, 95% CI: 0.057, 0.178), BCAAs (β = 0.056, 95% CI: 0.025, 0.087), and SCAAs (β = 0.025, 95% CI: 0.012, 0.038) with general body adiposity. Animal protein (β = 0.017, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.033) and SCAAs (β = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.000, 0.008) were also associated with central obesity. Total and animal protein and BCAA and SCAA were also significantly associated with fat mass. Our findings suggest that high protein intake may pose a possible detriment to adolescent health. Longitudinal and safety evaluation studies are recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients Intake and Adolescent Health)
13 pages, 577 KiB  
Article
Trends in Dietary Intake of Total Fat and Fatty Acids Among Korean Adolescents from 2007 to 2017
by SuJin Song and Jae Eun Shim
Nutrients 2019, 11(12), 3073; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11123073 - 16 Dec 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3953
Abstract
We analyzed the trends in dietary intake of total fat and fatty acids among Korean adolescents during 2007–2017. A total of 6406 adolescents from the 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Examination Surveys were selected. Total fat and fatty acids intakes were calculated based [...] Read more.
We analyzed the trends in dietary intake of total fat and fatty acids among Korean adolescents during 2007–2017. A total of 6406 adolescents from the 2007–2017 Korea National Health and Examination Surveys were selected. Total fat and fatty acids intakes were calculated based on single 24-hour recall data and presented as grams (g) and percentage of energy intake (% kcal) across the survey period. Linear trends in intake across the survey period were compared using the multiple regression model. Total fat intake increased during the 11-year period from 54.3 g (21.7% kcal) to 61.8 g (25.2% kcal). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) intakes changed from 17.8 g (7.1% kcal) and 17.2 g (6.8% kcal) to 20.6 g (8.4% kcal) and 20.7 g (8.4% kcal) over time, respectively. For polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3 fatty acid intake did not change during the survey period. The proportions of individuals who had total fat and SFA above the recommendations increased across the survey period: 13.7% to 27.5% for total fat and 36.0% to 49.7% for SFA. Among Korean adolescents, dietary fat intake increased over time and the increases in SFA and MUFA intake were prominent. Monitoring dietary fat intake is helpful to suggest dietary guidelines and health policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients Intake and Adolescent Health)
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Review

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22 pages, 317 KiB  
Review
Adolescent Obesity: Diet Quality, Psychosocial Health, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
by Lyndsey D. Ruiz, Michelle L. Zuelch, Sarah M. Dimitratos and Rachel E. Scherr
Nutrients 2020, 12(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010043 - 23 Dec 2019
Cited by 158 | Viewed by 25070
Abstract
Obesity is a multifaceted chronic condition with several contributing causes, including biological risk factors, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and numerous environmental influences. Of particular concern are the increasing rates of obesity in children and adolescents, as rates of obesity in youth in the [...] Read more.
Obesity is a multifaceted chronic condition with several contributing causes, including biological risk factors, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and numerous environmental influences. Of particular concern are the increasing rates of obesity in children and adolescents, as rates of obesity in youth in the United States have tripled within the last three decades. Youth from historically disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have higher rates of obesity compared to other groups. Adolescents often do not meet intake recommendations for certain food groups and nutrients, which may contribute to a heightened risk of obesity. With obesity disproportionately affecting adolescents (ages 12–19 years), negative effects of excess adiposity may be particularly salient during this critical period of development. The presentation of chronic cardiometabolic disease symptoms typically observed in adults, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, are becoming increasingly common in adolescents with obesity. Additionally, there is dynamic interplay between obesity and psychosocial health, as adolescents with obesity may have increased levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and reduced resilience. To reduce and prevent adolescent obesity, the implementation of theory-driven multicomponent school- and community-based interventions have been suggested. These interventions promote knowledge and self-efficacy for healthful practices that have the potential to progress to sustained behavior change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients Intake and Adolescent Health)
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