Nutrition and Bariatric Surgery
A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2020) | Viewed by 19598
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Bariatric surgery is a remarkably effective treatment for persons who require treatment for moderate and severe obesity. Not only does bariatric surgery remit diabetes and other metabolic diseases, but patients also experience improvements in physical and mental functioning, as well as other aspects of quality of life. However, although the impact of bariatric surgery on the management of obesity and metabolic diseases is impressive, patients have a high risk of developing adverse nutritional side effects. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding, popular bariatric surgery procedures, and the less popular biliopancreatic diversion all generally induce weight loss by promoting early satiety and thereby reducing food intake. With the exception of adjustable gastric banding, the anatomical changes resulting from surgery reduce the access of ingested food to digestive and absorptive regions of the stomach and small intestine, which impairs the absorption of caloric macronutrients. The drawback of surgery-induced maldigestion and malabsorption is the high risk of deficiency of essential nutrients. Protein deficiency leading to loss of lean mass; iron deficiency leading to anemia, fatigue, and pica; and calcium and vitamin D deficiency leading to loss of bone density and bone fractures are common after bariatric surgery and negatively affect its safety profile. Other less common nutritional complications following surgery include deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins A and K, water-soluble vitamins B6 and B12, and the minerals copper and zinc. With adequate intake from diet and supplements, malnutrition following bariatric surgery can be prevented and treated before patients experience debilitating and irreversible consequences. However, there are several challenges to nutritional management, such as poor compliance by patients to recommendations regarding diet and supplements due to lack of knowledge, high costs, inconvenience, and intolerance. Better education of patients and providers is hindered by the weak evidence which supports much of the expert guidelines for post-surgery nutritional support. The good news is that emerging evidence from clinical trials suggests that nutritional outcomes can be improved following surgery through food-based and supplemental strategies. This Special Issue will summarize the current evidence regarding nutritional outcomes following surgery, as well as highlight the remaining gaps in research.
Dr. Nana Gletsu-Miller
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- bariatric surgery
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
- malnutrition
- nutritional support
- maldigestion
- malabsorption
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