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Nutrients
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Impacts of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Diseases
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Impacts of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 August 2024) | Viewed by 10739

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Didac Mauricio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Sant Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Quintí, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic & Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
3. Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: diabetes mellitus; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; retinopathy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Minerva Granado-Casas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
2. Center for Biomedical Research on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: dietary pattern; diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disease; metabolic diseases; nutrition; lipidomic; metabolomic; diabetic complications
Dr. Joana Rossell

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2. Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau & Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí, 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: nutrition; NAFLD; metabolomics; diabetes mellitus; lipidomics; obesity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Disease”, will explore the impact of the Mediterranean diet on metabolic diseases with an increasing prevalence worldwide, including type 2 diabetes and its complications, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and metabolic liver disease.

We aim to elucidate the role of the Mediterranean diet—including the factors of adherence, consumption, and intervention—in different aspects of the prevention and management of these metabolic conditions.

Through this Special Issue, we hope to provide health care professionals and scientists with updated information on new diet-related approaches and their effect on metabolic diseases with supporting evidence.

Prof. Dr. Didac Mauricio
Dr. Minerva Granado-Casas
Dr. Joana Rossell
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mediterranean diet
  • healthy diet
  • diabetes mellitus
  • metabolic liver diseases
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • metabolic diseases
  • dyslipidemia
  • obesity
  • hypertension

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 946 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of High Adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the Risk of Incident Type-2 Diabetes in Subjects with MAFLD: The [email protected] Study
by Ana Lago-Sampedro, Wasima Oualla-Bachiri, Sara García-Serrano, Cristina Maldonado-Araque, Sergio Valdés, Viyey Doulatram-Gamgaram, Gabriel Olveira, Elias Delgado, Felipe Javier Chaves, Luis Castaño, Alfonso Calle-Pascual, Josep Franch-Nadal, Gemma Rojo-Martínez and Eva García-Escobar
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3788; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213788 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1397
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) increases the risk of Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM). The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown advantages in the management of MAFLD and preventing co-morbidities; however, its relationship with T2DM development in MAFLD has been less investigated. We [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) increases the risk of Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM). The Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown advantages in the management of MAFLD and preventing co-morbidities; however, its relationship with T2DM development in MAFLD has been less investigated. We aimed to evaluate the association of MD adherence with the risk of incident T2DM in the Spanish adult population with MAFLD and according to their weight gain at 7.5 years follow-up. Methods: A cohort of 714 participants (without weight increment: 377; with weight increment: 337) from the [email protected] cohort study with MAFLD and without T2DM at baseline were investigated. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, clinical data, and a survey on habits were recorded. OGTT and fasting blood biochemistry determinations were made. Baseline adherence to MD was estimated by the adapted 14-point MEDAS questionnaire and categorized as high and low adherence. Results: In total, 98 people developed T2DM at follow-up. The high adherence to MD was inversely associated with the development of T2DM in both the overall population (0.52 [0.31–0.87]) and subjects without weight gain at follow-up (0.35 [0.16–0.78]). Conclusions: Our results suggest the protective effect of high adherence to MD regarding the risk of T2DM in subjects with MAFLD, with this health benefit being more evident in men with the absence of weight gain. These results support the recommendations for MD use in these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Diseases)
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15 pages, 1537 KiB  
Article
The Lipidomic Profile Is Associated with the Dietary Pattern in Subjects with and without Diabetes Mellitus from a Mediterranean Area
by Marina Idalia Rojo-López, Maria Barranco-Altirriba, Joana Rossell, Maria Antentas, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Oscar Yanes, Ralf J. M. Weber, Gavin R. Lloyd, Catherine Winder, Warwick B. Dunn, Josep Julve, Minerva Granado-Casas and Dídac Mauricio
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1805; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121805 - 8 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2135
Abstract
Lipid functions can be influenced by genetics, age, disease states, and lifestyle factors, particularly dietary patterns, which are crucial in diabetes management. Lipidomics is an expanding field involving the comprehensive exploration of lipids from biological samples. In this cross-sectional study, 396 participants from [...] Read more.
Lipid functions can be influenced by genetics, age, disease states, and lifestyle factors, particularly dietary patterns, which are crucial in diabetes management. Lipidomics is an expanding field involving the comprehensive exploration of lipids from biological samples. In this cross-sectional study, 396 participants from a Mediterranean region, including individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-diabetic individuals, underwent lipidomic profiling and dietary assessment. Participants completed validated food frequency questionnaires, and lipid analysis was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS). Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the association between lipid features and dietary patterns. Across all subjects, acylcarnitines (AcCa) and triglycerides (TG) displayed negative associations with the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI), indicating a link between lipidomic profiles and dietary habits. Various lipid species (LS) showed positive and negative associations with dietary carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Notably, in the interaction analysis between diabetes and the aHEI, we found some lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) that showed a similar direction with respect to aHEI in non-diabetic individuals and T2D subjects, while an opposite direction was observed in T1D subjects. The study highlights the significant association between lipidomic profiles and dietary habits in people with and without diabetes, particularly emphasizing the role of healthy dietary choices, as reflected by the aHEI, in modulating lipid concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions to improve metabolic health outcomes, especially in the context of diabetes management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Diseases)
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15 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Impact of Maternal Micronutrient Intake on Gestational Diabetes Risk: Results from Greece’s BORN2020 Prospective Cohort Study
by Antigoni Tranidou, Emmanuella Magriplis, Aikaterini Apostolopoulou, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Violeta Chroni, Eirini Tsekitsidi, Ioustini Kalaitzopoulou, Nikolaos Pazaras, Michail Chourdakis and Themistoklis Dagklis
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1375; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091375 - 30 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2543
Abstract
Understanding how maternal micronutrient intake and dietary habits impact gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is crucial. Data from 797 pregnant women were prospectively analyzed to assess GDM status with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Nutritional intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency [...] Read more.
Understanding how maternal micronutrient intake and dietary habits impact gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is crucial. Data from 797 pregnant women were prospectively analyzed to assess GDM status with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Nutritional intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) across two periods: Period A, covering 6 months before pregnancy, and Period B, from pregnancy onset to mid-gestation (24 weeks). Micronutrient intakes were compared against the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dietary reference values (DRVs) and were used to estimate the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) to assess dietary adequacy. GDM was diagnosed in 14.7% (n = 117) of women with the characteristics of a higher mean maternal age (MA) and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Out of the 13 vitamins assessed, biotin, folate, niacin, and pantothenic acid were found significantly higher in the GDM group, as did iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc from the 10 minerals. The results were influenced by the timing of the assessment. Importantly, MAR was higher during pregnancy and was found to increase the risk of GDM by 1% (95%CI: 1, 1.02). A sensitivity analysis revealed that reducing MAR significantly raised the GDM risk by 68% (95%CI: 1.02, 2.79). No association was revealed between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and GDM risk. These findings highlight areas for further investigation into whether dietary modifications involving these specific micronutrients could effectively influence GDM outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Diseases)

Review

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17 pages, 1141 KiB  
Review
Diabesity and Dietary Interventions: Evaluating the Impact of Mediterranean Diet and Other Types of Diets on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Management
by Eleni Pavlidou, Sousana K. Papadopoulou, Aristeidis Fasoulas, Vasileios Papaliagkas, Olga Alexatou, Maria Chatzidimitriou, Maria Mentzelou and Constantinos Giaginis
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010034 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3958
Abstract
Background: Diabesity, the intersection of obesity and diabetes, presents a global health crisis with profound implications. Addressing diabesity requires multifaceted strategies, with diet playing a pivotal role. Over the last 15 years, clinical studies have intensified their exploration of various dietary approaches in [...] Read more.
Background: Diabesity, the intersection of obesity and diabetes, presents a global health crisis with profound implications. Addressing diabesity requires multifaceted strategies, with diet playing a pivotal role. Over the last 15 years, clinical studies have intensified their exploration of various dietary approaches in diabesity management. This literature review aims to synthesize findings from clinical studies conducted in the last 15 years, shedding light on the efficacy, mechanisms, and nuances of different diet types in diabesity management with special focus on the Mediterranean diet (MD). Methods: Thorough research of academic databases yielded a collection of relevant clinical studies. These studies encompassed a range of dietary strategies, including the MD, low-carbohydrate diets, plant-based diets, high-protein diets, low-fat regimens, and intermittent fasting. Key findings, methodologies, and outcomes were thoroughly extracted and analyzed. Results: The last 15 years have witnessed considerable improvements in recognizing the role of human nutritional habits in diabesity management. The MD appears to be the most well-recognized diet, exerting favorable effects against both obesity and diabetes. Low-carbohydrate diets were found to enhance glycemic regulation and decrease insulin resistance. Plant-based diets demonstrated potential benefits in weight management and cardiometabolic health. High-protein, low-fat dietary models exhibited positive effects on satiety and body weight decline. Intermittent fasting regimens also exerted metabolic improvements and body weight decline. Personalization emerged as a crucial factor in dietary recommendations. Conclusions: Clinical studies from the last 15 years underscore the intricate relationship between diet types and diabesity management. The above results contribute to an increasing body of evidence, emphasizing the need for tailored dietary approaches and especially the MD. Healthcare providers can utilize this knowledge to offer personalized dietary recommendations for individuals with diabesity, potentially curbing the rise of these twin epidemics and improving the well-being of affected populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Diseases)
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