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Nutrients
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Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity
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Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 17959

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cristina Torres-Fuentes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
Interests: gut microbiota; functional food; nutrigenomics; bioactive compounds; obesity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anna Arola-Arnal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
Interests: polyphenols; bioavailability; animal models; nutrigenomics; microRNAs; metabolic syndrome; HPLC-MS; biological rhythms; chrononutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the World Health Organization, obesity prevalence has reached epidemic proportions globally in recent years, leading to at least 2.8 million deaths annually. Indeed, obesity is no longer associated only with high-income countries but also with low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, further investigations seeking alternatives to prevent obesity are needed. 

Dietary polyphenols are a large group of bioactive phytochemicals that have been reported to exert several health benefits, including protective effects against obesity and the development of obesity-related pathologies. Thus, several publications have shown that these phenolic compounds can reduce body weight and fat depot accumulation, improve glucose homeostasis, or decrease fasting and postprandial dyslipidemia, among others. However, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood, and more studies are required.

In this Special Issue, we aim to summarize the most recent research regarding dietary polyphenols and their potential to prevent obesity and related disorders in both human and animal models. Original research and reviews are welcome. 

Dr. Cristina Torres-Fuentes
Dr. Anna Arola-Arnal
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • phenolic compounds
  • metabolic syndrome
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • gut microbiota
  • inflammation
  • dyslipidemia

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 701 KiB  
Article
Dietary Supplements Containing Oat Beta-Glucan and/or Green Coffee (Poly)phenols Showed Limited Effect in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers in Overweight/Obese Patients without a Lifestyle Intervention
by Joaquín García-Cordero, Raquel Mateos, Susana González-Rámila, Miguel A. Seguido, José Luis Sierra-Cinos, Beatriz Sarriá and Laura Bravo
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2223; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092223 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2914
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions and has become a major health concern worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to find new strategies against this condition and its associated comorbidities. Green coffee polyphenols (GCP) and oat beta-glucans (BGs) have proven their hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic effects. [...] Read more.
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions and has become a major health concern worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to find new strategies against this condition and its associated comorbidities. Green coffee polyphenols (GCP) and oat beta-glucans (BGs) have proven their hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic effects. This study aimed to examine the effects of the long-term consumption of supplements containing GCP, BG or the novel GCP/BG combination on lipid and glucose metabolism biomarkers in overweight/obese subjects who maintained their dietary habits and physical activity, hence addressing the difficulty that this population faces in adapting to lifestyle changes. A randomised, crossover, blind trial was carried out in 29 volunteers who consumed either GCP (300 mg), BG (2.5 g) or GCP/BG (300 mg + 2.5 g) twice a day for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected, and blood pressure and body composition were measured at the beginning and end of each intervention. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, insulin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and different hormones and adipokines were analysed. Only VLDL-C (p = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.027) decreased after the intervention, especially with the BG supplement. There were no other significant changes in the analysed biomarkers. In conclusion, the regular intake of GCP, BG and GCP/BG without lifestyle changes is not an efficient strategy to improve lipid and glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity)
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17 pages, 5859 KiB  
Article
Interplay between the (Poly)phenol Metabolome, Gut Microbiome, and Cardiovascular Health in Women: A Cross-Sectional Study from the TwinsUK Cohort
by Yong Li, Yifan Xu, Caroline Le Roy, Jiaying Hu, Claire J. Steves, Jordana T. Bell, Tim D. Spector, Rachel Gibson, Cristina Menni and Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1900; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081900 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3259
Abstract
Background: Dietary (poly)phenol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in epidemiological studies, but little is known about the role of the gut microbiome in this relationship. Methods: In 200 healthy females, aged 62.0 ± 10.0 years, from the TwinsUK cohort, [...] Read more.
Background: Dietary (poly)phenol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in epidemiological studies, but little is known about the role of the gut microbiome in this relationship. Methods: In 200 healthy females, aged 62.0 ± 10.0 years, from the TwinsUK cohort, 114 individual (poly)phenol metabolites were measured from spot urine using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The associations between metabolites, the gut microbiome (alpha diversity and genera), and cardiovascular scores were investigated using linear mixed models adjusting age, BMI, fibre, energy intake, family relatedness, and multiple testing (FDR < 0.1). Results: Significant associations were found between phenolic acid metabolites, CVD risk, and the gut microbiome. A total of 35 phenolic acid metabolites were associated with the Firmicutes phylum, while 5 metabolites were associated with alpha diversity (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). Negative associations were observed between the atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score and five phenolic acid metabolites, two tyrosol metabolites, and daidzein with stdBeta (95% (CI)) ranging from −0.05 (−0.09, −0.01) for 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid to −0.04 (−0.08, −0.003) for 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (FDR-adjusted p < 0.1). The genus 5-7N15 in the Bacteroidetes phylum was positively associated with the same metabolites, including 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid), 3-hydroxyphenylethanol-4-sulfate, and 4-hydroxyphenylethanol-3-sulfate)(stdBeta (95% CI): 0.23 (0.09, 0.36) to 0.28 (0.15, 0.42), FDR-adjusted p < 0.05), and negatively associated with the ASCVD score (stdBeta (95% CI): −0.05 (−0.09, −0.01), FDR-adjusted p = 0.02). Mediation analysis showed that genus 5-7N15 mediated 23.8% of the total effect of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid on the ASCVD score. Conclusions: Coffee, tea, red wine, and several vegetables and fruits, especially berries, are the most abundant food sources of phenolic acids that have the strongest associations with CVD risk. We found that the gut microbiome, particularly the genus 5-7N15, partially mediates the negative association between urinary (poly)phenols and cardiovascular risk, supporting a key role of the gut microbiome in the health benefits of dietary (poly)phenols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity)
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16 pages, 3231 KiB  
Article
Photoperiod Conditions Modulate Serum Oxylipins Levels in Healthy and Obese Rats: Impact of Proanthocyanidins and Gut Microbiota
by Verónica Arreaza-Gil, Javier Ávila-Román, Iván Escobar-Martínez, Begoña Muguerza, Manuel Suárez, Anna Arola-Arnal and Cristina Torres-Fuentes
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030707 - 30 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2213
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are emerging as a key factor influencing gut microbiota and bioactive compounds functionality as well as several physiological processes such as inflammation. In this regard, their impact on the modulation of oxylipins (OXLs), which are important lipid mediators of inflammatory processes, [...] Read more.
Seasonal rhythms are emerging as a key factor influencing gut microbiota and bioactive compounds functionality as well as several physiological processes such as inflammation. In this regard, their impact on the modulation of oxylipins (OXLs), which are important lipid mediators of inflammatory processes, has not been investigated yet. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of photoperiods on OXLs metabolites in healthy and obesogenic conditions. Moreover, we evaluated if the impact of proanthocyanidins and gut microbiota on OXLs metabolism is influenced by photoperiod in obesity. To this purpose, Fischer 344 rats were housed under different photoperiod conditions (L6: 6 h light, L12: 12 h light or L18:18 h light) and fed either a standard chow diet (STD) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 9 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, obese rats were daily administered with an antibiotic cocktail (ABX), an oral dose of a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), or with their combination. CAF feeding and ABX treatment affected OXLs in a photoperiod dependent-manner. GSPE significantly altered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, only under L6 and mitigated ABX-mediated effects only under L18. In conclusion, photoperiods affect OXLs levels influenced by gut microbiota. This is the first time that the effects of photoperiod on OXLs metabolites have been demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity)
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20 pages, 1679 KiB  
Article
Dark Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium) Supplementation Reduced Blood Pressure and Pro-Inflammatory Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) in Obese Adults without Affecting Lipid Profile, Glucose Levels and Liver Enzymes
by Shirley Arbizu, Susanne U. Mertens-Talcott, Stephen Talcott and Giuliana D. Noratto
Nutrients 2023, 15(3), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15030681 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3455
Abstract
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = [...] Read more.
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = 30–40 kg/m2) consumed 200 mL of DSC drink (juice supplemented with DSC powder) (n = 19) or a placebo drink (n = 21) twice/day for 30 days. Anthropometric and physiological biomarkers were monitored at baseline (D1), mid-point (D15), and endpoint (D30) visits. Blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at D1, D15, and D30, and blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes at D1 and D30. DSC consumption lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.05) and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to placebo (p = 0.04). Stratification of participants by BMI revealed a greater (p = 0.008) SBP reduction in BMI > 35 participants. DSC lowered pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFNγ) (p = 0.001), which correlated with SBP changes. The interleukin (IL)-1RA and SBP changes were correlated in the placebo group, as well as triglycerides (TG) with DBP. The increased IL-10 levels in the placebo group suggested a compensatory mechanism to counteract elevated IFNγ levels. No significant between-group differences were detected for blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes. In conclusion, DSC helped to decrease blood pressure levels and inflammation in obese adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity)
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15 pages, 1386 KiB  
Article
Dose-Related Regulatory Effect of Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract on Cecal Microbiota Activity, Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Rats Fed a Diet Rich in Saturated Fats
by Bartosz Fotschki, Ewelina Cholewińska, Katarzyna Ognik, Michał Sójka, Joanna Milala, Joanna Fotschki, Wiesław Wiczkowski and Jerzy Juśkiewicz
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020354 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2446
Abstract
The amount of berry polyphenols required to exert health-promoting effects seems to be difficult to achieve by fresh fruit ingestion, so polyphenol-rich extracts could be considered a dietary alternative. In the present study, laboratory rats were fed high-fat diets supplemented with 0.1 or [...] Read more.
The amount of berry polyphenols required to exert health-promoting effects seems to be difficult to achieve by fresh fruit ingestion, so polyphenol-rich extracts could be considered a dietary alternative. In the present study, laboratory rats were fed high-fat diets supplemented with 0.1 or 0.3% raspberry polyphenols from pomace, with the former dose reflecting the amount of polyphenols consumed with a glass of fresh raspberries. It was hypothesized that beneficial changes in blood and hepatic tissue related to lipid metabolism would accompany both treatments, but the health-promoting effect would be more noticeable with the higher dose of extract. This hypothesis was confirmed, and the high dose of raspberry polyphenols was better than the low dose extract in terms of decreased epididymal white adipose tissue weight, hepatic triglyceride content, PPARγ and SREBP-1c expression in the liver, and plasma IL-6 concentration, as well as increased acetic acid concentration in the cecal digesta. These effects might be partially associated with the enhanced content of ellagitannin and anthocyanin metabolites found in the blood plasma of rats administered the high dose of the extract. The results showed that this extract could be considered a dietary vehicle to provide an amount of raspberry polyphenols that could promote health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity)
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Review

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12 pages, 1692 KiB  
Review
Beneficial Effects of ε-Viniferin on Obesity and Related Health Alterations
by Saioa Gómez-Zorita, Iñaki Milton-Laskibar, Itziar Eseberri, Pauline Beaumont, Arnaud Courtois, Stéphanie Krisa and María P. Portillo
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040928 - 12 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2948
Abstract
Viniferin is a phenolic compound belonging to the group of stilbenoids. In particular, ε-viniferin is a dimer of resveratrol, found in many plant genders, among which grapes (Vitis vinifera) are a primary source. Due to the fact that ε-viniferin is mainly [...] Read more.
Viniferin is a phenolic compound belonging to the group of stilbenoids. In particular, ε-viniferin is a dimer of resveratrol, found in many plant genders, among which grapes (Vitis vinifera) are a primary source. Due to the fact that ε-viniferin is mainly present in the woody parts of plants, their use as a source of this bioactive compound is a very interesting issue in a circular economy. Both, in vitro studies carried out in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes and in vivo studies addressed in mice show that ε-viniferin is able to reduce fat accumulation. Moreover, it prevents the development of some obesity co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, hypertension and fatty liver. ε-viniferin can be absorbed orally, but it shows a very low bioavailability. In this scenario, further research on animal models is needed to confirm the effects reported in a great number of studies; to determine which metabolites are involved, including the main one responsible for the biological effects observed and the mechanisms that justify these effects. In a further phase, human studies should be addressed in order to use ε-viniferin as a new tool for obesity management, as a nutraceutical or to be included in functional foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity)
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