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Diet and Adipose Tissue
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Diet and Adipose Tissue

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2021) | Viewed by 30334

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dyan Sellayah

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK
Interests: obesity; adiposity; adipose tissue; maternal diet; programming; developmental origins; epigenetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is the major health crisis of this generation, and is associated with a number of co-morbidities with overlapping pathogeneses. As such, obesity is a risk factor for a plethora of diseases and disorders, including diabetes, heart disease, cancer and even COVID-19 related complications. Adipose tissue is a key mediator of obesity-associated metabolic disease and this Special Issue will gather the most recent information serving to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the link between diet and metabolic disease at the level of the adipocyte.

We also aim to assemble the latest studies in the emerging field of developmental programming of adipose tissue function. To this end, a multitude of genome-wide association studies have shown that, while obesity is largely heritable, allelic variants can only account for a tiny fraction of this heritability. To what can we owe this so called ‘missing heritability’? Emerging evidence has pointed to epigenetic mechanisms that represent heritable genetic information beyond changes to the gene sequence. In recent years the in utero and early postnatal environments have been shown to be particularly susceptible to epigenetic modifications that may be inter- and trans-generational.

This Special Issue will therefore contribute to our understanding of how adipose tissue may mediate important effects of diet (including maternal diet during pregnancy) on metabolic health. It is hoped that we will be able to build a clearer picture of the underlying mechanistic basis of obesity-associated metabolic disease.

Dr. Dyan Sellayah
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • obesity
  • adiposity
  • adipose tissue
  • maternal diet
  • programming
  • developmental origins
  • epigenetics

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1793 KiB  
Article
Peripancreatic Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Inflammation during High Fat Intake of Palm Oils or Lard in Rats
by Jonas Laget, Youzan Ferdinand Djohan, Laura Jeanson, Karen Muyor, Eric Badia, Jean Paul Cristol, Charles Coudray, Christine Feillet-Coudray, Claire Vigor, Camille Oger, Jean-Marie Galano, Thierry Durand, Anne-Dominique Lajoix, Nathalie Gayrard and Bernard Jover
Nutrients 2021, 13(4), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041134 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3217
Abstract
Excessive fat consumption leads to the development of ectopic adipose tissues, affecting the organs they surround. Peripancreatic adipose tissue is implicated in glucose homeostasis regulation and can be impaired in obesity. High palm oil consumption’s effects on health are still debated. We hypothesised [...] Read more.
Excessive fat consumption leads to the development of ectopic adipose tissues, affecting the organs they surround. Peripancreatic adipose tissue is implicated in glucose homeostasis regulation and can be impaired in obesity. High palm oil consumption’s effects on health are still debated. We hypothesised that crude and refined palm oil high-fat feeding may have contrasting effects on peripancreatic adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and lipid oxidation compound production in obese rats. In Wistar rats, morphological changes, inflammation and isoprostanoid production following oxidative stress were assessed in peripancreatic adipose tissue after 12 weeks of diets enriched in crude or refined palm oil or lard (56% energy from fat in each case) versus a standard chow diet (11% energy from fat). Epididymal white and periaortic brown adipose tissues were also included in the study. A refined palm oil diet disturbed glucose homeostasis and promoted lipid deposition in periaortic locations, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and isoprostanoid (5-F2c-isoprostane and 7(RS)-ST-Δ8-11-dihomo-isofuran) production in peripancreatic adipose tissue. Crude palm oil induced a lower impact on adipose deposits than its refined form and lard. Our results show that the antioxidant composition of crude palm oil may have a protective effect on ectopic adipose tissues under the condition of excessive fat intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Adipose Tissue)
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24 pages, 2752 KiB  
Article
Maternal Linoleic Acid Overconsumption Alters Offspring Gut and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Young but Not Older Adult Rats
by Justine Marchix, Charlène Alain, Sandrine David-Le Gall, Luis Alberto Acuña-Amador, Céline Druart, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Frédérique Barloy-Hubler, Philippe Legrand and Gaëlle Boudry
Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3451; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113451 - 11 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2374
Abstract
Maternal n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption during gestation and lactation can predispose offspring to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential programming effect of n-6 PUFA upon offspring physiology are [...] Read more.
Maternal n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) consumption during gestation and lactation can predispose offspring to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity later in life. However, the mechanisms underlying the potential programming effect of n-6 PUFA upon offspring physiology are not yet all established. Herein, we investigated the effects of maternal and weaning linoleic acid (LA)-rich diet interactions on gut intestinal and adipose tissue physiology in young (3-month-old) and older (6-month-old) adult offspring. Pregnant rats were fed a control diet (2% LA) or an LA-rich diet (12% LA) during gestation and lactation. At weaning, offspring were either maintained on the maternal diet or fed the other diet for 3 or 6 months. At 3 months of age, the maternal LA-diet favored low-grade inflammation and greater adiposity, while at 6 months of age, offspring intestinal barrier function, adipose tissue physiology and hepatic conjugated linoleic acids were strongly influenced by the weaning diet. The maternal LA-diet impacted offspring cecal microbiota diversity and composition at 3 months of age, but had only few remnant effects upon cecal microbiota composition at 6 months of age. Our study suggests that perinatal exposure to high LA levels induces a differential metabolic response to weaning diet exposure in adult life. This programming effect of a maternal LA-diet may be related to the alteration of offspring gut microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Adipose Tissue)
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10 pages, 3164 KiB  
Article
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Visceral Adiposity Partly through the Regulation of Beclin1-Dependent Autophagy in White Adipose Tissues
by Cheoljun Choi, Hyun-Doo Song, Yeonho Son, Yoon Keun Cho, Sang-Yeop Ahn, Young-Suk Jung, Young Cheol Yoon, Sung Won Kwon and Yun-Hee Lee
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3072; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103072 - 8 Oct 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 3768
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a primary bioactive phytochemical in green tea. Its therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases has been reported; however, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of EGCG have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of EGCG [...] Read more.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a primary bioactive phytochemical in green tea. Its therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases has been reported; however, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of EGCG have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of EGCG on lipid metabolism and autophagy in adipose tissue. After 8 weeks of high-fat diet feeding, mice were treated with EGCG (20 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks to test in vivo anti-obesity effects of EGCG. EGCG treatment improved glucose tolerance and caused body weight loss. Interestingly, reduced adipose tissue mass was more prominent in visceral compared to subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Mechanistically, EGCG treatment increased autophagic flux in white adipose tissue through the AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling pathway. Adipocyte-specific knockout of Beclin1 mitigated the effects of EGCG on visceral adipose tissue mass and glucose tolerance, indicating that the anti-obesity effect of EGCG requires Beclin1-dependent autophagy. Collectively, our data demonstrated that EGCG has anti-obesity effects through the upregulation of Beclin1-dependent autophagy and lipid catabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Adipose Tissue)
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13 pages, 2690 KiB  
Article
The Intake of a Cafeteria Diet in Nursing Rats Alters the Breast Milk Concentration of Proteins Important for the Development of Offspring
by Catalina Amadora Pomar, Juana Sánchez and Andreu Palou
Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2470; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082470 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3994
Abstract
We aimed to analyse the effects of maternal intake of an unbalanced diet during lactation in the composition and the levels of proteins present in milk. Milk samples from control nursing dams (C-dams) or from nursing dams fed a cafeteria diet during lactation [...] Read more.
We aimed to analyse the effects of maternal intake of an unbalanced diet during lactation in the composition and the levels of proteins present in milk. Milk samples from control nursing dams (C-dams) or from nursing dams fed a cafeteria diet during lactation (CAF-dams) were obtained. We conducted a proteomic approach to identify significantly altered proteins in breast milk of C- and CAF-dams, and evaluated the levels of leptin, adiponectin and irisin for their implication in energy homeostasis. One-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), revealed that the bands that presented a lower intensity in CAF-dams than control contain some caseins (α-S1-casein, α-S2-casein like B, and β-casein), α-lactalbumin and haptoglobin. Leptin and adiponectin levels were greater in the breast milk of CAF-dams than in controls, while levels of irisin were lower. In summary, the relative concentration of bioactive peptides was influenced by maternal diet consumption during lactation; these changes at early stages of life could influence the phenotypic traits of the offspring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Adipose Tissue)
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17 pages, 3528 KiB  
Article
Unique Genetic and Histological Signatures of Mouse Pericardial Adipose Tissue
by A. Al-Dibouni, R. Gaspar, S. Ige, S. Boateng, F. R. Cagampang, J. Gibbins, R. D. Cox and D. Sellayah
Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1855; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061855 - 22 Jun 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5040
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for a plethora of metabolic disturbances including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence is showing that there is an adipose tissue depot-dependent relationship with obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. While some adipose depots, such as subcutaneous fat, are generally [...] Read more.
Obesity is a major risk factor for a plethora of metabolic disturbances including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence is showing that there is an adipose tissue depot-dependent relationship with obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. While some adipose depots, such as subcutaneous fat, are generally metabolically innocuous, others such as visceral fat, are directly deleterious. A lesser known visceral adipose depot is the pericardial adipose tissue depot. We therefore set out to examine its transcriptional and morphological signature under chow and high-fat fed conditions, in comparison with other adipose depots, using a mouse model. Our results revealed that under chow conditions pericardial adipose tissue has uncoupling-protein 1 gene expression levels which are significantly higher than classical subcutaneous and visceral adipose depots. We also observed that under high-fat diet conditions, the pericardial adipose depot exhibits greatly upregulated transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines. Our results collectively indicate, for the first time, that the pericardial adipose tissue possesses a unique transcriptional and histological signature which has features of both a beige (brown fat-like) but also pro-inflammatory depot, such as visceral fat. This unique profile may be involved in metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Adipose Tissue)
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Review

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56 pages, 1159 KiB  
Review
The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue
by Muhammed Mustafa Atakan, Şükran Nazan Koşar, Yasemin Güzel, Hiu Tung Tin and Xu Yan
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1459; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051459 - 25 Apr 2021
Cited by 48 | Viewed by 11070
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an [...] Read more.
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide despite evidence-based public health recommendations. The promise to adopt a healthy lifestyle is increasingly important for tackling this global epidemic. Calorie restriction or regular exercise or a combination of the two is accepted as an effective strategy in preventing or treating obesity. Furthermore, the benefits conferred by regular exercise to overcome obesity are attributed not only to reduced adiposity or reduced levels of circulating lipids but also to the proteins, peptides, enzymes, and metabolites that are released from contracting skeletal muscle or other organs. The secretion of these molecules called cytokines in response to exercise induces browning of white adipose tissue by increasing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes within the white adipose tissue, suggesting that exercise-induced cytokines may play a significant role in preventing obesity. In this review, we present research-based evidence supporting the effects of exercise and various diet interventions on preventing obesity and adipose tissue health. We also discuss the interplay between adipose tissue and the cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle and other organs that are known to affect adipose tissue and metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Adipose Tissue)
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