Nutrients

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24 pages, 4811 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Roles of Probiotics in the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Outcomes in Asymptomatic Post-Gestational Diabetes Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Zubaidah Hasain, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Hajar Fauzan Ahmad, Ummul Fahri Abdul Rauf, Seok Fang Oon and Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar

Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3878; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183878 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4865

Abstract

Probiotics are widely used as an adjuvant therapy in various diseases. Nonetheless, it is uncertain how they affect the gut microbiota composition and metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in women who have recently experienced gestational diabetes mellitus (post-GDM). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial [...] Read more.

Probiotics are widely used as an adjuvant therapy in various diseases. Nonetheless, it is uncertain how they affect the gut microbiota composition and metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in women who have recently experienced gestational diabetes mellitus (post-GDM). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 132 asymptomatic post-GDM women was conducted to close this gap (Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05273073). The intervention (probiotics) group received a cocktail of six probiotic strains from Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus for 12 weeks, while the placebo group received an identical sachet devoid of living microorganisms. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. After the 12-week intervention, the probiotics group’s fasting blood glucose level significantly decreased (mean difference −0.20 mmol/L; p = 0.0021). The HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Sequencing data also demonstrated a large rise in the Bifidobacterium adolescentis following probiotic supplementation. Our findings suggest that multi-strain probiotics are beneficial for improved metabolic and inflammatory outcomes in post-GDM women by modulating gut dysbiosis. This study emphasizes the necessity for a comprehensive strategy for postpartum treatment that includes probiotics to protect post-GDM women from developing glucose intolerance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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12 pages, 3230 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabologenomic Approach Reveals Intestinal Environmental Features Associated with Barley-Induced Glucose Tolerance Improvements in Japanese: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Yuka Goto, Yuichiro Nishimoto, Shinnosuke Murakami, Tatsuhiro Nomaguchi, Yuka Mori, Masaki Ito, Ryohei Nakaguro, Toru Kudo, Tsubasa Matsuoka, Takuji Yamada, Toshiki Kobayashi and Shinji Fukuda

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3468; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173468 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4443

Abstract

(1) Background: Consumption of barley has been known to exert beneficial effects on glucose tolerance; however, it has also been reported that there are inter-individual differences in these responses. Recent evidence has suggested that these individual differences are mediated by the gut microbiota. [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Consumption of barley has been known to exert beneficial effects on glucose tolerance; however, it has also been reported that there are inter-individual differences in these responses. Recent evidence has suggested that these individual differences are mediated by the gut microbiota. (2) Methods: In the present study, we aimed to understand the relationship between the intestinal environment, including intestinal microbiome and their metabolome, and glucose tolerance. A randomized controlled trial with a 4-week consumption of barley or control food was conducted. We conducted an integrated analysis of the intestinal microbiome and metabolome and analyzed the relationship with improvement of glucose tolerance. (3) Results: We found that metabolites such as azelate were significantly increased after barley consumption. Furthermore, the subjects whose glucose tolerance was slightly impaired showed improvement in their glucose tolerance index following the barley consumption. Additionally, the analysis showed that the increase in the abundance of the Anaerostipes was correlated with the improvement in the glucose tolerance index. (4) Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the effects of barley consumption for glucose tolerance are partly defined by the intestinal environment of consumers, providing a quantitative measurement of the dietary effect based on the intestinal environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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13 pages, 2452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insoluble and Soluble Dietary Fibers from Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Modify Gut Microbiota to Alleviate High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced TYPE 2 Diabetes in Rats

by Kunli Wang, Yuxiao Wang, Si Chen, Junlian Gu and Yuanying Ni

Nutrients 2022, 14(16), 3369; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163369 - 17 Aug 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2476

Abstract

This study aims to examine the anti-diabetic properties of insoluble and soluble dietary fibers from kiwifruit (KIDF and KSDF) in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resulting from a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Both KIDF and KSDF treatments for four [...] Read more.

This study aims to examine the anti-diabetic properties of insoluble and soluble dietary fibers from kiwifruit (KIDF and KSDF) in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) resulting from a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Both KIDF and KSDF treatments for four weeks remarkably decreased body weight and increased satiety. In addition, the blood glucose level and circulatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content were decreased, while the insulin resistance, inflammatory status, and lipid profiles improved. These anti-diabetic effects might be related to the regulation of gut microbiota and increased SCFA content. The key microbial communities of KIDF and KSDF were different. Furthermore, the KIDF treatment increased the level of total SCFAs and isobutyric acid, while KSDF increased the levels of total SCFAs and butyric acid. The association between critical species and SCFA and between SCFA and biochemical parameters indicated that the mechanisms of KIDF and KSDF on T2DM might be different. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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18 pages, 2367 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Broussonetia papyrifera Polysaccharide Alleviated Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the Intestinal Flora

by Baichang Xu, Kaiyuan Hao, Xiaogang Chen, Enyun Wu, Dongyang Nie, Geyin Zhang and Hongbin Si

Nutrients 2022, 14(13), 2636; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132636 - 25 Jun 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3331

Abstract

Liver injury caused by an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is a major public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera polysaccharide (BPP) on liver injury and intestinal flora induced by APAP. The results showed that BPP could protect [...] Read more.

Liver injury caused by an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is a major public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera polysaccharide (BPP) on liver injury and intestinal flora induced by APAP. The results showed that BPP could protect against APAP-induced liver injury, alleviate liver apoptosis, improve antioxidant capacity and enhance the liver’s detoxification ability to APAP. At the same time, BPP improved the intestinal flora disorder caused by APAP. More importantly, we found that the hepatoprotective effect of BPP disappeared after the depletion of gut microbiota in mice. Further, we reconstructed the intestinal flora structure of mice through fecal microbiota transplantation and found that the symptoms of APAP—induced liver injury were effectively alleviated. Overall, BPP was a potential hepatoprotective drug that could protect against APAP-induced liver injury and might be mediated by intestinal flora. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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18 pages, 18008 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Myristica fragrans Extract Regulates Gut Microbes and Metabolites to Attenuate Hepatic Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism Disorders via the AhR–FAS and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

by Wenyu Zhao, Min Guo, Jun Feng, Zhennan Gu, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang and Wei Chen

Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1699; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091699 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4077

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to the gut microbiome. Myristica fragrans is widely used as a traditional seasoning and has a therapeutic effect on gastrointestinal diseases. Although previous studies have shown that M. fragrans extracts [...] Read more.

Recent studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to the gut microbiome. Myristica fragrans is widely used as a traditional seasoning and has a therapeutic effect on gastrointestinal diseases. Although previous studies have shown that M. fragrans extracts have anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects in mice fed a high-fat diet, few studies have determined the active components or the corresponding mechanism in vivo. In this study, for the first time, an M. fragrans extract (MFE) was shown to be a prebiotic that regulates gut microbes and metabolites in mice fed a high-fat diet. Bioinformatics, network pharmacology, microbiome, and metabolomics analyses were used to analyze the nutrient–target pathway interactions in mice with NAFLD. The National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to analyze NAFLD-related clinical data sets to predict potential targets. The drug database and disease database were then integrated to perform microbiome and metabolomics analyses to predict the target pathways. The concentrations of inflammatory factors in the serum and liver, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, were downregulated by MFE. We also found that the hepatic concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were decreased after MFE treatment. Inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and downregulation of the fatty acid synthase (FAS)-sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c pathway resulted in the regulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism by activating tryptophan metabolite–mediated aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR). In summary, MFE effectively attenuated inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders in mice with NAFLD through the NF-κB and AhR–FAS pathways. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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17 pages, 4657 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum Attenuate Choline-Induced Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide Production by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Mice

by Qianqian Wang, Min Guo, Yang Liu, Mengshu Xu, Liuting Shi, Xiu Li, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang and Wei Chen

Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1222; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061222 - 14 Mar 2022

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 4319

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, and the morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease are among the highest of any disease worldwide. Excessive plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an intestinal metabolite, promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, effective measures for [...] Read more.

Atherosclerosis is the main cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, and the morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease are among the highest of any disease worldwide. Excessive plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an intestinal metabolite, promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, effective measures for reducing plasma TMAO production can contribute to preventing atherosclerosis. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the human body, and some of them can attenuate plasma TMAO production. To explore the effects of probiotic supplementation on plasma TMAO in choline-fed mice, we intragastrically administered eight strains of Bifidobacterium breve and eight strains of Bifidobacterium longum to mice for 6 weeks. B. breve Bb4 and B. longum BL1 and BL7 significantly reduced plasma TMAO and plasma and cecal trimethylamine concentrations. However, hepatic flavin monooxygenase (FMO) activity, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protein expression and TMAO fractional excretion were not significantly affected by Bifidobacterium supplementation. The treatment of Bifidobacterium strains modulated the abundances of several genera such as Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, which belong to the Firmicutes that has been reported with cut gene clusters, which may be related to the reduction in intestinal TMA and plasma TMAO. Additionally, a reduction in Ruminococcaceae indicates a reduction in circulating glucose and lipids, which may be another pathway by which Bifidobacterium strains reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. The effect of Bifidobacterium strains on Bacteroides also suggests a relationship between the abundance of this genus and TMA concentrations in the gut. Therefore, the mechanism underlying these changes might be gut microbiota regulation. These Bifidobacterium strains may have therapeutic potential for alleviating TMAO-related diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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17 pages, 2827 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A. muciniphila Supplementation in Mice during Pregnancy and Lactation Affects the Maternal Intestinal Microenvironment

by Yuli Qi, Leilei Yu, Fengwei Tian, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen and Qixiao Zhai

Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020390 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3272

Abstract

During pregnancy and lactation, considerable factors that affect the maternal microbiome are associated with the advancement of numerous diseases, which can potentially affect offspring health. Probiotics have shown potential for the maintenance of microbiota homeostasis of mothers in this period. The specific objective [...] Read more.

During pregnancy and lactation, considerable factors that affect the maternal microbiome are associated with the advancement of numerous diseases, which can potentially affect offspring health. Probiotics have shown potential for the maintenance of microbiota homeostasis of mothers in this period. The specific objective of this study was to investigate whether the application of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) during pregnancy and lactation impacts maternal and offspring health. Here we show that dams fed with A. muciniphila is safe, enhances the intestinal barrier and alters gut microbiota composition and diversity at the end of lactation, including the significant enrichment of A. muciniphila and Ruminococcus_1 in offspring from probiotic-fed dams. However, compared with the control group, the fecal metabolites of the A. muciniphila group only changed slightly. Additionally, A. muciniphila supplementation did not significantly increase the abundance of A. muciniphila in the fecal microbiota of offspring mice. Compared with the control group, the fecal metabolic profile of three-week-old offspring of mice fed with A. muciniphila were significantly changed, containing the D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism pathways. These results provided evidence that A. muciniphila supplementation in mice during pregnancy and lactation is safe and seemed to have a more beneficial effect on dams. In the future, using probiotics to regulate maternal microbiomes during pregnancy and lactation could be shown to have a more lasting and beneficial effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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20 pages, 14730 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Potential Synbiotic Strategy for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 and Exopolysaccharide Isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum JY039

by Jiayuan Zhao, Lihan Wang, Shasha Cheng, Yu Zhang, Mo Yang, Ruxue Fang, Hongxuan Li, Chaoxin Man and Yujun Jiang

Nutrients 2022, 14(2), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14020377 - 16 Jan 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3749

Abstract

The disturbance of intestinal microorganisms and the exacerbation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are mutually influenced. In this study, the effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus plantarum JY039 on the adhesion of Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 was investigated, as well as their preventive efficacy [...] Read more.

The disturbance of intestinal microorganisms and the exacerbation of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are mutually influenced. In this study, the effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus plantarum JY039 on the adhesion of Lactobacillus paracasei JY062 was investigated, as well as their preventive efficacy against T2D. The results showed that the EPS isolated from L. plantarum JY039 effectively improved the adhesion rate of L. paracasei JY062 to Caco-2 cells (1.8 times) and promoted the proliferation of L. paracasei JY062. In the mice experiment, EPS, L. paracasei JY062 and their complex altered the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which elevated the proportion of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, while inversely decreasing the proportion of Firmicutes, Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and other bacteria involved in energy metabolism (p < 0.01; p < 0.05); enhanced the intestinal barrier function; promoted secretion of the gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1); and reduced inflammation by balancing pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). These results illustrate that EPS and L. paracasei JY062 have the synbiotic potential to prevent and alleviate T2D. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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16 pages, 4231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 Ameliorates Hepatic Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet/Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

by Samuel Kumi Okyere, Lei Xie, Juan Wen, Yinan Ran, Zhihua Ren, Junliang Deng and Yanchun Hu

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4512; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124512 - 17 Dec 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3709

Abstract

Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was performed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and its possible mechanisms of action in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thirty SPFKM mice were [...] Read more.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was performed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and its possible mechanisms of action in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thirty SPFKM mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control, diabetic model, and diabetes + Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 group. After 35 days, blood was collected for biochemical analysis and liver tissue samples for histopathological analysis using H&E staining, qPCR, and ELISA. The results showed that the administration of B. toyonensis SAU-19 significantly improved the blood glucose, hepatic insulin resistance, and morphological changes of the liver characterized by significant improvement of dyslipidemia, glycogen synthesis, and antioxidant status (p < 0.05), indicating the strains’ ameliorating effects on hepatic insulin resistance in T2DM. In conclusion, the probiotic strain (B. toyonensis SAU-19) inhibits T2DM by reducing insulin resistance, improving antioxidant status, and downregulating genes related to glucose synthesis; hence, it may be used in treating diabetes and other metabolic disorders. This study provides the basis for further studies into the molecular mechanisms of B. toyonensis SAU-19 in treating T2DM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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16 pages, 1303 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Synbiotics Easing Renal Failure by Improving Gut Microbiology II (SYNERGY II): A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

by Catherine McFarlane, Rathika Krishnasamy, Tony Stanton, Emma Savill, Matthew Snelson, Gabor Mihala, Jaimon T. Kelly, Mark Morrison, David W. Johnson and Katrina L. Campbell

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4481; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124481 - 15 Dec 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5035

Abstract

Synbiotics have emerged as a therapeutic strategy for modulating the gut microbiome and targeting novel cardiovascular risk factors, including uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a trial of long-term synbiotic supplementation [...] Read more.

Synbiotics have emerged as a therapeutic strategy for modulating the gut microbiome and targeting novel cardiovascular risk factors, including uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a trial of long-term synbiotic supplementation in adults with stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adult participants with CKD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 15–60 mL/min/1.73 m²) were recruited between April 2017 and August 2018 to a feasibility, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of synbiotic therapy or matched identical placebo for 12 months. The primary outcomes were recruitment and retention rates as well as acceptability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes were treatment adherence and dietary intake. Exploratory outcomes were evaluation of the cardiovascular structure and function, serum IS and PCS, stool microbiota profile, kidney function, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Of 166 potentially eligible patients, 68 (41%) were recruited into the trial (synbiotic n = 35, placebo n = 33). Synbiotic and placebo groups had acceptable and comparable 12-month retention rates (80% versus 85%, respectively, p = 0.60). Synbiotic supplementation altered the stool microbiome with an enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Blautia spp., resulting in a 3.14 mL/min/1.73 m² (95% confidence interval (CI), −6.23 to −0.06 mL/min/1.73 m², p < 0.01) reduction in eGFR and a 20.8 µmol/L (95% CI, 2.97 to 38.5 µmol/L, p < 0.01) increase in serum creatinine concentration. No between-group differences were observed in any of the other secondary or exploratory outcomes. Long-term synbiotic supplementation was feasible and acceptable to patients with CKD, and it modified the gastrointestinal microbiome. However, the reduction in kidney function with synbiotics warrants further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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12 pages, 3260 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preventive Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL1 on Food-Borne Obesity in Mice

by Mo Yang, Jiapeng Zheng, Xinran Zong, Xinyan Yang, Yu Zhang, Chaoxin Man and Yujun Jiang

Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3989; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113989 - 9 Nov 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3106

Abstract

Probiotics can prevent obesity and related metabolic complications. In our study, the protective effect and molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL1 (separated from the feces of healthy infants) on high-fat diet mice were investigated. After 10 weeks of dietary intervention with L. rhamnosus [...] Read more.

Probiotics can prevent obesity and related metabolic complications. In our study, the protective effect and molecular mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus JL1 (separated from the feces of healthy infants) on high-fat diet mice were investigated. After 10 weeks of dietary intervention with L. rhamnosus JL1 intervention, the body weight of the JL1 group (23.78 g) was significantly lower than that of the HFD group (26.59 g, p < 0.05) and the liver index was reduced. Serum biochemical analysis showed that the TC, TG and LDL-C contents of JL1 group mice were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Histological images of the mice livers showed that the degree of lipid action and damage of hepatic cells were improved. L. rhamnosus JL1 activated the AMPK pathway, and reduced the gene expression of PPAR-γ, LXR-α and SREBP-1C. In addition, the protein expression of PPAR-γ and LXR-α were reduced. After dietary intervention with L. rhamnosus JL1, the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were increased significantly, especially the concentration of butyric acid, which was 63.16% higher than that of the HFD group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study provided a theoretical reference for the development and application of probiotics derived from healthy infant feces in health products and functional foods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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16 pages, 3522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Gut Microbiota and Attenuate Inflammatory in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice

by Lingjun Tong, Xinyi Zhang, Haining Hao, Qiqi Liu, Zihan Zhou, Xi Liang, Tongjie Liu, Pimin Gong, Lanwei Zhang, Zhengyuan Zhai, Yanling Hao and Huaxi Yi

Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3319; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103319 - 23 Sep 2021

Cited by 84 | Viewed by 7009

Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease. Probiotics have a potential beneficial effect on the prevention of UC onset and relapse in clinical trials. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) have shown clinical benefits on UC patients, however, the [...] Read more.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting inflammatory disease. Probiotics have a potential beneficial effect on the prevention of UC onset and relapse in clinical trials. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) have shown clinical benefits on UC patients, however, the precise mechanisms are unknown. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of extracellular vesicles released from L. rhamnosus GG (LGG-EVs) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and propose the underlying mechanism of LGG-EVs for protecting against colitis. The results showed that LGG-EVs could prevent colonic tissue damage and shortening of the colon (p < 0.01), and ameliorate intestinal inflammation by inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis activation. Consistently, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2) were suppressed effectively upon LGG-EVs treatment (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that LGG-EVs administration could reshape the gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis mice, which further alters the metabolism pathways of gut microbiota. These findings propose a novel perspective of L. rhamnosus GG in attenuating inflammation mediated by extracellular vesicles and offer consideration for developing oral gavage of LGG-EVs for colitis therapies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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Review

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12 pages, 305 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Potential Benefits and Controversies of Probiotics Use in Patients at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

by Na Tian, Lu Li, Jack Kit-Chung Ng and Philip Kam-Tao Li

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4044; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194044 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4491

Abstract

The therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiome has been suggested to be one of the tools in the integrated management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recent years. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera are the two most commonly used probiotics strains. Most of the [...] Read more.

The therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiome has been suggested to be one of the tools in the integrated management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recent years. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera are the two most commonly used probiotics strains. Most of the probiotics used in studies are mixed formulation. There is no consensus on the dose and duration of the probiotic administration for CKD patients Increasing evidence indicates that patients with early stage (1–2) CKD have an altered quantitative and qualitative microbiota profile. However, there was a dearth of prospective controlled studies on the use of probiotics in the early stage of the CKD population. The association between gut microbiota disturbance and advanced CKD was reported. Most randomized controlled trials on probiotic treatment used in CKD stage 3–5ND patients reported positive results. The metabolites of abnormal gut microbiota are directly involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and inflammation. We summarized 13 studies performed in the dialysis population, including 10 in hemodialysis (HD) patients and 3 in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Some controversial results were concluded on the decreasing plasma concentration of uremic toxin, symptoms, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk. Only three randomized controlled trials on PD were reported to show the potential beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammation, uremic toxins and gastrointestinal symptoms. There is still no standard in the dosage and duration of the use of probiotics in CKD patients. Overall, the probiotic administration may have potential benefit in improving symptoms and quality of life, reducing inflammation, and delaying the progression of kidney failure. Further research studies using a larger sample size with longer follow-up durations and a greater focus on clinical outcomes—including survival—are warranted to elucidate the significant clinical impact of the use of probiotics in CKD patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

15 pages, 825 KiB

Open AccessReview

Plant-Derived (Poly)phenols and Their Metabolic Outcomes: The Pursuit of a Role for the Gut Microbiota

by Perla Lopes de Freitas, João Paulo Nascimento Miranda, Lucas Martins França and Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes

Nutrients 2022, 14(17), 3510; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173510 - 26 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2229

Abstract

Plant-derived (poly)phenolic compounds have been undoubtedly shown to promote endocrine homeostasis through the improvement of diverse metabolic outcomes. Amongst diverse potential mechanisms, the prebiotic modulatory effects exerted by these compounds on the gut microbiota have supported their nutraceutical application in both experimental and [...] Read more.

Plant-derived (poly)phenolic compounds have been undoubtedly shown to promote endocrine homeostasis through the improvement of diverse metabolic outcomes. Amongst diverse potential mechanisms, the prebiotic modulatory effects exerted by these compounds on the gut microbiota have supported their nutraceutical application in both experimental and clinical approaches. However, the comprehension of the microbiota modulatory patterns observed upon (poly)phenol-based dietary interventions is still in its infancy, which makes the standardization of the metabolic outcomes in response to a given (poly)phenol a herculean task. Thus, this narrative review sought to gather up-to-date information on the relationship among (poly)phenols intake, their modulatory effect on the gut microbiota diversity, and consequent metabolic outcomes as a supportive tool for the future design of experimental approaches and even clinical trials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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26 pages, 2221 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Prebiotic Potential of Dietary Beans and Pulses and Their Resistant Starch for Aging-Associated Gut and Metabolic Health

by Saurabh Kadyan, Aditya Sharma, Bahram H. Arjmandi, Prashant Singh and Ravinder Nagpal

Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091726 - 21 Apr 2022

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 10406

Abstract

Dietary pulses, including dry beans, lentils, chickpeas, and dry peas, have the highest proportion of fiber among different legume cultivars and are inexpensive, easily accessible, and have a long shelf-life. The inclusion of pulses in regular dietary patterns is an easy and effective [...] Read more.

Dietary pulses, including dry beans, lentils, chickpeas, and dry peas, have the highest proportion of fiber among different legume cultivars and are inexpensive, easily accessible, and have a long shelf-life. The inclusion of pulses in regular dietary patterns is an easy and effective solution for achieving recommended fiber intake and maintaining a healthier gut and overall health. Dietary pulses-derived resistant starch (RS) is a relatively less explored prebiotic ingredient. Several in vitro and preclinical studies have elucidated the crucial role of RS in fostering and shaping the gut microbiota composition towards homeostasis thereby improving host metabolic health. However, in humans and aged animal models, the effect of only the cereals and tubers derived RS has been studied. In this context, this review collates literature pertaining to the beneficial effects of dietary pulses and their RS on gut microbiome-metabolome signatures in preclinical and clinical studies while contemplating their potential and prospects for better aging-associated gut health. In a nutshell, the incorporation of dietary pulses and their RS in diet fosters the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and significantly enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids in the colon. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics and Probiotics in Diabetes and Metabolism Disorder)

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