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The Impact of Vitamins, Minerals and Functional Foods on Bone...
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The Impact of Vitamins, Minerals and Functional Foods on Bone Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2020) | Viewed by 66723

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bahram H. Arjmandi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
2. Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
Interests: functional foods; dietary supplements (vitamins, minerals, plant bioactive compounds); chronic diseases (osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the aging population continues to rise, there is an increasing concern for the health-related needs of older people. Approximately 85% of older Americans suffer from one or more nutrition-related chronic disorders, including age-related bone loss and osteoporosis. Although the prevalence of age-related bone loss is greater in women than in men, male osteoporosis is also a major public health concern. Bone integrity, i.e., density and quality, in both genders is greatly affected by nutrition and lifestyle factors at any stage of the lifecycle. In terms of dietary factors, healthcare professionals often emphasize the importance of calcium and vitamin D intake, without reference to the crucial role of other minerals and vitamins, as well as functional foods that have a profound effect on bone. Thus, the objective of this Special Issue on “The Impact of Vitamins, Minerals, and Functional Foods on Bone Health” is to identify non-pharmacologic treatment modalities that alleviate the negative effects of osteoporosis on this topic, you are invited to submit proposals for manuscripts (reviews, clinical, or experimental studies) that fit the objective and the topic of this Special Issue.

Prof. Bahram H. Arjmandi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Osteoporosis
  • Vitamin D
  • Calcium
  • Functional foods

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 964 KiB  
Article
Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products (dAGEs) Intake and Bone Health: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Rotterdam Study
by Komal Waqas, Jinluan Chen, Bram C. J. van der Eerden, M. Arfan Ikram, André G. Uitterlinden, Trudy Voortman and M. Carola Zillikens
Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2377; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082377 - 8 Aug 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4498
Abstract
Animal studies suggest a role for dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) in bone health, but human studies on dAGEs in relation to bone are lacking. We aimed to study whether dAGEs intake is associated with the parameters of bone strength namely, bone mineral [...] Read more.
Animal studies suggest a role for dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) in bone health, but human studies on dAGEs in relation to bone are lacking. We aimed to study whether dAGEs intake is associated with the parameters of bone strength namely, bone mineral density (BMD), prevalent vertebral (VFs), and major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs = hip, wrist, proximal humerus, and clinical VFs). 3949 participants (mean age 66.7 ± 10.5 years) were included from a Rotterdam study for whom Carboxymethyllysine (CML—a dietary AGE) was estimated from food frequency questionnaires combined with dAGEs databases. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were performed adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, dietary quality, physical activity, diabetes, smoking, renal function, and cohort effect and for models on fractures, subsequently for BMD. We observed no association of CML with BMD at both femoral neck (β = −0.006; p = 0.70) and lumbar spine (β = −0.013; p = 0.38). A higher intake of CML was linearly associated with VFs (Odds ratio, OR = 1.16, 95% CI (1.02–1.32) and a similar but non-significant trend with MOFs (OR = 1.12 (0.98–1.27). Additional adjustment for BMD did not change the associations. Our results imply a positive association between dietary intake of CML and VFs independent of BMD. Future studies are needed in order to elucidate whether associations found are causal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Vitamins, Minerals and Functional Foods on Bone Health)
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15 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
A Dairy Product to Reconstitute Enriched with Bioactive Nutrients Stops Bone Loss in High-Risk Menopausal Women without Pharmacological Treatment
by Marina Morato-Martínez, Bricia López-Plaza, Cristina Santurino, Samara Palma-Milla and Carmen Gómez-Candela
Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2203; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082203 - 24 Jul 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 6221
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by the loss of bone mass and deterioration of the internal structure of the bone, increasing the risk of fractures, and is becoming an economic and social problem. The main treatment is pharmacological, however, the population demands [...] Read more.
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by the loss of bone mass and deterioration of the internal structure of the bone, increasing the risk of fractures, and is becoming an economic and social problem. The main treatment is pharmacological, however, the population demands other therapies, such as foods with nutrients beneficial to bone health. Seventy-eight healthy menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis or untreated osteopenia were recruited for a randomized, parallel, double-blind clinical trial with two intervention groups: one group consumed a serving a day of the experimental enriched product (experimental group (EG)) and the other group (control group (CG)) consumed the same product without enrichment. The main objective was to compare the effect of consuming a dairy preparation to reconstitute, similar to yogurt when prepared, enriched in calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin C, zinc, magnesium, L-leucine and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum 3547) on bone metabolism markers for 24 weeks. The EG showed a significantly increased bone mass compared to the CG (0.01 ± 0.03 vs. −0.01 ± 0.03 kg; p < 0.05). In addition, the EG maintained their bone mineral density (BMD) compared to the CG, whose BMD significantly decreased at the end of the study. For biochemical markers, the EG significantly increased the serum levels of the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) bone formation marker (13.19 ± 25.17 vs. −4.21 ± 15.62 ng/mL; p < 0.05), and decreased the carbo-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) bone resorption marker compared to the CG (−0.05 ± 0.19 vs. 0.04 ± 0.14 ng/mL; p < 0.05). On the other hand, the EG exhibited a significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the start of the study. Finally, the EG significantly increased their dietary calcium and vitamin D intake compared to the CG. In conclusion, the regular consumption of a dairy product to reconstitute enriched with bioactive nutrients improves bone health markers in menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis without pharmacological treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Vitamins, Minerals and Functional Foods on Bone Health)
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Review

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43 pages, 2564 KiB  
Review
Importance of Dietary Phosphorus for Bone Metabolism and Healthy Aging
by Juan Serna and Clemens Bergwitz
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3001; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103001 - 30 Sep 2020
Cited by 84 | Viewed by 12510
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main source of dietary phosphorus. Reduced bioavailability [...] Read more.
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main source of dietary phosphorus. Reduced bioavailability of Pi or excessive losses in the urine causes rickets and osteomalacia. While critical for health in normal amounts, dietary phosphorus is plentiful in the Western diet and is often added to foods as a preservative. This abundance of phosphorus may reduce longevity due to metabolic changes and tissue calcifications. In this review, we examine how dietary phosphorus is absorbed in the gut, current knowledge about Pi sensing, and endocrine regulation of Pi levels. Moreover, we also examine the roles of Pi in different tissues, the consequences of low and high dietary phosphorus in these tissues, and the implications for healthy aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Vitamins, Minerals and Functional Foods on Bone Health)
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16 pages, 595 KiB  
Review
Macrophage Polarization and Osteoporosis: A Review
by Joseph Muñoz, Neda S. Akhavan, Amy P. Mullins and Bahram H. Arjmandi
Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 2999; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102999 - 30 Sep 2020
Cited by 229 | Viewed by 15962
Abstract
Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss. However, it is important to identify safe [...] Read more.
Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss. However, it is important to identify safe and cost-efficient treatments that not only inhibit bone resorption, but also stimulate anabolic mechanisms to upregulate osteogenesis. Recent data suggest that macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoblast differentiation and increased osteogenesis as well as bone mineralization. Macrophages exist in two major polarization states, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) macrophages. The polarization state of macrophages is dependent on molecules in the microenvironment including several cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic factors that stimulate the differentiation and activation of pre-osteoblastic cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s), and subsequently increase bone mineralization. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and postulate the hypothesis that regulating macrophage polarization states may be a potential treatment for the treatment of osteoporosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Vitamins, Minerals and Functional Foods on Bone Health)
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16 pages, 1611 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review
by João Botelho, Vanessa Machado, Luís Proença, Ana Sintra Delgado and José João Mendes
Nutrients 2020, 12(5), 1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051471 - 19 May 2020
Cited by 132 | Viewed by 26489
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) levels have been gaining growing attention in Oral Health. During growth and adulthood, VD deficiency (VDD) is associated with a wide variety of oral health disorders, and impaired VD synthesis may expedite some of these conditions. In children, severe VDD [...] Read more.
Vitamin D (VD) levels have been gaining growing attention in Oral Health. During growth and adulthood, VD deficiency (VDD) is associated with a wide variety of oral health disorders, and impaired VD synthesis may expedite some of these conditions. In children, severe VDD can induce defective tooth mineralization, resulting in dentin and enamel defects. As a consequence, these defects may increase the risk of the onset and progression of dental caries. Further, VDD has been associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis and gingival inflammation, and several recent preclinical and clinical studies have unveiled potential pathways through which Vitamin D may interact with the periodontium. VDD correction through supplementation may contribute to a successful treatment of periodontitis; however, alveolar bone regeneration procedures performed in baseline VDD patients seem more prone to failure. Vitamin D may also be linked with some oral pathology entities such as certain oral cancers and events of osteonecrosis of the jaw. This review aims to provide comprehensive evidence of how VD levels should be considered to promote good oral health, and to summarize how VDD may hamper oral development and its role in certain oral conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Vitamins, Minerals and Functional Foods on Bone Health)
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