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Optics
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Advances in Vision Optics, Myopia Control and Refractive Surgery
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Advances in Vision Optics, Myopia Control and Refractive Surgery

A special issue of Optics (ISSN 2673-3269). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 10896

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yongji Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electrical Information and Optical Egineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300050, China
Interests: visual optics; myopia control; refractive surgery; wavefront aberrations; ophthalmic lens design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The past decade has witnessed rapid development in the field of visual optics. With the high and early onset of myopia, prevention and control of its progression have become a global focus, with Intensive studies being conducted. Correspondingly, new optical modalities of myopia prevention and control have emerged and been applied to clinical work. Refractive surgery, as an effective means of myopia correction, has also achieved rapid development in this decade. Femtosecond technology has been widely used in corneal refractive surgery, and novel IOL designs for cataract surgery are also continuously emerging. In addition, it is worth mentioning that big data, as well as artificial intelligence, are used in ophthalmology, exhibiting their great potential.

The present Special Issue of Optics on “Advances in Vision Optics, Myopia Control and Refractive Surgery” aims to highlight this rapid and exciting progress in this research area. It will focus on the novel optical designs of ophthalmic lenses such as the intraocular lens, contact lens, spectacles and orthokeratology, etc; advances in refractive surgeries; studies on myopia control as well as the applications of big data, machine learning or deep learning in visual optics and ophthalmology. The focus is not limited to the above topics. Therefore, we call for the submission of multidisciplinary manuscripts in the fields of visual optics and ophthalmology, to provide a broad range of theoretical, experimental, and clinical studies.

Dr. Yongji Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Optics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • visual optics
  • myopia control
  • refractive surgery
  • intraocular lens
  • optics of the eye
  • eye model
  • wavefront aberration
  • optical design
  • artificial intelligence
  • big data

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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11 pages, 3401 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Biomechanical Response of the Human Cornea to Acoustic Waves
by Francisco J. Ávila, Maria Concepción Marcellán and Laura Remón
Optics 2023, 4(4), 584-594; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt4040043 - 17 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1274
Abstract
The cornea is the optical window to the brain. Its optical and structural properties are responsible for optical transparency and vision. The shape, elasticity, rigidity, or stiffness are due to its biomechanical properties, whose stability results in ocular integrity and intraocular pressure dynamics. [...] Read more.
The cornea is the optical window to the brain. Its optical and structural properties are responsible for optical transparency and vision. The shape, elasticity, rigidity, or stiffness are due to its biomechanical properties, whose stability results in ocular integrity and intraocular pressure dynamics. Here, we report in vivo observations of shape changes and biomechanical alterations in the human cornea induced by acoustic wave pressure within the frequency range of 50–350 Hz and the sound pressure level of 90 dB. The central corneal thickness (CCT) and eccentricity (e2) were measured using Scheimpflug imaging and biomechanical properties [corneal hysteresis (CH) and intraocular pressure (IOP)] were assessed with air-puff tonometry in six young, healthy volunteers. At the specific 150 Hz acoustic frequency, the variations in e2 and CCT were 0.058 and 7.33 µm, respectively. Biomechanical alterations were also observed in both the IOP (a decrease of 3.60 mmHg) and CH (an increase of 0.40 mmHg). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vision Optics, Myopia Control and Refractive Surgery)
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11 pages, 1841 KiB  
Article
Effect of Higher Order Aberrations and Intraocular Scatter on Optical Quality Based on an Optical Eye Model
by Feng Rao, Xing Heng Zhao, Ming Dong Zhang and Yan Wang
Optics 2023, 4(2), 364-374; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt4020027 - 26 May 2023
Viewed by 1482
Abstract
The impact of intraocular scatter and higher order aberrations (HOAs) on ocular optical quality was investigated. An optical eye model was constructed using the measured ocular aberrations, corneal surfaces, axial length, and scatter fraction, and the impact of HOAs and scatter on modulation [...] Read more.
The impact of intraocular scatter and higher order aberrations (HOAs) on ocular optical quality was investigated. An optical eye model was constructed using the measured ocular aberrations, corneal surfaces, axial length, and scatter fraction, and the impact of HOAs and scatter on modulation transfer functions (MTFs) was studied based on the newly established optical eye model. For uniform intraocular scatter, the monochromatic and polychromatic MTF decreased as the HOAs or scatter fractions increased independently at each spatial frequency, which implied that both were essential for visual quality. In addition, the scatter effect on MTF was more significant for the eye with less HOA. The combined deterioration effect of these two factors on the MTF was less than their summation, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism between HOAs and scatter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vision Optics, Myopia Control and Refractive Surgery)
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10 pages, 3318 KiB  
Article
Design and Optical Analysis of a Refractive Aspheric Intraocular Lens with Extended Depth of Focus
by Kunqi Li, Xiaoqin Chen, Yayan Bian, Yuwei Xing, Xiaolan Li, Dongyu Liu and Yongji Liu
Optics 2023, 4(1), 146-155; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt4010011 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2208
Abstract
To obtain a continuous range of clear vision for pseudophakic eyes, a design of intraocular lens (IOL) with extended depth of focus (EDoF) was proposed. The IOL was optimized with a multi-configuration approach based on a pseudophakic eye model and the optical performances [...] Read more.
To obtain a continuous range of clear vision for pseudophakic eyes, a design of intraocular lens (IOL) with extended depth of focus (EDoF) was proposed. The IOL was optimized with a multi-configuration approach based on a pseudophakic eye model and the optical performances of the designed IOL were analyzed. The modulation transfer function (MTF) values remain above 0.2 at 50 lp/mm for object distance ranging from 0.35 m to infinity in both photopic vision and mesopic vision over a field of 4°. The optical performances remain stable when the pupil diameter changes from 2.25 mm to 5 mm. Besides, the presented theoretical analyses show the designed IOL has good optical performances for polychromatic light and corneal asphericity. The above shows that the IOL exhibits an excellent ability for pseudophakic eyes to see the object in a continuous range of distance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vision Optics, Myopia Control and Refractive Surgery)
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16 pages, 3408 KiB  
Article
Understanding the Real Effect of the High-Order Aberrations after Myopic Femto-Lasik
by Juan J. Miret, Ester Rojas, Vicente J. Camps, Celia Garcia, Maria T. Caballero, Begoña Martín and Enrique Chipont
Optics 2022, 3(4), 384-399; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt3040033 - 9 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3523
Abstract
In this work we try to understand the real effect of increase in aberrations after Femto-LASIK surgery on the patient’s final visual quality, specifically when the visual acuity measurement is considered. A clinical study with 37 eyes of 20 patients that underwent myopic [...] Read more.
In this work we try to understand the real effect of increase in aberrations after Femto-LASIK surgery on the patient’s final visual quality, specifically when the visual acuity measurement is considered. A clinical study with 37 eyes of 20 patients that underwent myopic Femto-LASIK surgery and different personalized eye model simulations were carried out. In clinical study, correlations between pre- and postoperative parameters with visual acuity were analysed. Eye simulations (based on real data) provided simulations of vision quality before and after surgery. Our main results showed a significant increase in aberrations was obtained after surgery; however, no differences were found between the preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and the postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA). This absence of differences in visual quality could be explained by performing different simulations on three eyes that would cover most of the possible clinical situations. Simulations were implemented considering a pupil size of 2.5 mm and the personalized data of each patient. Results showed that final visual acuity (VA) change are determined by the final high-order aberrations (HOAS) and their increase after surgery but measured under photopic conditions. In conclusion, customized analysis of higher-order aberrations in scotopic pupils better predicts patient visual acuity after Lasik surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vision Optics, Myopia Control and Refractive Surgery)
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6 pages, 589 KiB  
Case Report
IOL Power Calculation in an Unusual Long Fellow Eye: A Case Report
by Umberto Camellin, Francesco Franchina, Alessandro Meduri and Pasquale Aragona
Optics 2023, 4(3), 396-401; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt4030029 - 3 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Background: Intra-Ocular Lens (IOL) power calculation in long eyes remains challenging despite the availability of new formulas and biometers. This case report shows that optimization of the A-constant in the first eye can reduce postoperative refractive error in the second eye, even in [...] Read more.
Background: Intra-Ocular Lens (IOL) power calculation in long eyes remains challenging despite the availability of new formulas and biometers. This case report shows that optimization of the A-constant in the first eye can reduce postoperative refractive error in the second eye, even in the case of an IOL with negative power. This report aimed to describe a case in which this method was used to calculate IOL power to reduce postoperative refractive error in a long fellow eye. As far as we know, this is the first paper reporting the use of the optimized constant in the first eye to reduce postoperative error in the second eye in the case of a negative IOL. Case presentation: A highly myopic patient with nuclear cataracts underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS) in both eyes. The axial length (AL) was 39.42 mm in the right eye and 37.45 mm in the left eye. All biometric data were obtained via low-coherence reflectometry using an OA-2000 biometer (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan). First, an IOL power calculation using the Barrett II formula and PCS was performed in the shorter eye. To evaluate the postoperative refractive error, the optimized A-constant in the left eye was estimated using the Camellin-Calossi formula. The new A-constant was then used for the right eye IOL power calculation using the same formula. The prediction error (PE) in the left eye was −0.23 D with the Barrett II formula. The optimized A-constant method using the Camellin-Calossi formula in the fellow eye gave −0.28 D of PE. Conclusions: The A-constant optimization for very long eyes, using data from the first operated eye, may be useful to reduce refractive prediction error in the second eye in very long eyes, as well as in the case of IOL power with negative values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vision Optics, Myopia Control and Refractive Surgery)
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