Bunyavirales Infections

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 2811

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey
Interests: viruses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The order Bunyavirales is one of the largest groups of RNA viruses encompassing major pathogens that infect humans, animals, and invertebrates (i.e., plants and insects). Because of their segmented genomes, members of the Bunyavirales are capable of a rapid recombination, which increases the risk that quasispecies can cause new outbreaks. Bunyaviruses that infect mammals are transmitted by vectors such as hematophagous arthropods (i.e., mosquitoes, midges, flies, and ticks) and various rodent species. In contrast, little is known about human-to-human transmission, except for phlebovirus infections. The viruses of the order Bunyavirales may cause few symptoms, but others may cause hemorrhagic fever, systemic infections, and even death in humans, and intrauterine infections in ruminants may result in various fetal pathologies such as births of malformed offspring and abortions, in addition to subclinical infections in adults.

In this Special Issue, we encourage researchers to submit articles addressing the viral hemorrhagic diseases caused by Bunyavirales, the pathogenesis of bunyavirus infections in veterinary medicine, epidemiological studies, virus–host and virus–vector interactions, immunity, vaccine candidates and their efficacy and effectiveness, and diagnostic tools.

Prof. Dr. Aykut Özkul
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bunyavirales
  • RNA viruses
  • bunyavirus
  • virus–vector interactions
  • immunity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1278 KiB  
Article
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Outbreak Anticipation by a Rapid Synchronous Increase in Rodent Abundance in the Northwestern Argentina Endemic Region: Towards an Early Warning System for Disease Based on Climate and Rodent Surveillance Data
by Ignacio Ferro, Walter Lopez, Flavia Cassinelli, Sara Aguirre, Griet A. E. Cuyckens, Sebastián Kehl, Daira Abán-Moreyra, Paola Castillo, Carla Bellomo, José Gil and Valeria P. Martinez
Pathogens 2024, 13(9), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090753 - 2 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an American emerging disease caused by the rodent-borne virus genus Orthohantavirus (Family: Hantaviridae: Order: Elliovirales Class: Bunyaviricetes). In Argentina, almost half of the HPS infections occur in the northwestern endemic region. In this study, we monitored [...] Read more.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an American emerging disease caused by the rodent-borne virus genus Orthohantavirus (Family: Hantaviridae: Order: Elliovirales Class: Bunyaviricetes). In Argentina, almost half of the HPS infections occur in the northwestern endemic region. In this study, we monitored rodent abundance during 2022 and 2023 in three sites with different sampling methods (removal trapping, live trapping and hunted rodents by domestic cats) to evaluate their relationship with human infections. We found a similar pattern of variation in rodent abundance across time, and particularly a synchronous rise of rodent abundance that anticipated an HPS outbreak in 2023. Our dynamic regression models revealed a positive relationship between HPS cases and rodent abundance with a three-month lag, as well as rainfall with an eight-month lag. Our results provide a framework for the planning and implementation of public health prevention campaigns based on climatology and rodent monitoring. Domestic cats bringing rodents into houses can be an overlooked risk factor, particularly if viral shedding of infected rodents is magnified by stress. HPS is a disease of public health concern due to its high mortality rate, the lack of a specific therapeutic treatment and no vaccine. Thus, prevention of infections is of the utmost importance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bunyavirales Infections)
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12 pages, 1945 KiB  
Article
Monoclonal Antibodies for Rift Valley Fever Virus Nucleocapsid: Application in IgG/IgM ELISA for Sero-Diagnosis
by Jiansheng Huang, Ferdinard Adungo, Samson Limbaso Konongoi, Shingo Inoue, Lin Zhan, Rosemary Sang, Salame Ashur, Allan ole Kwallah, Matilu Mwau, Kouichi Morita and Fuxun Yu
Pathogens 2024, 13(7), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070582 - 13 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Introduction: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) belonging to the Phenuiviridae family is responsible for a zoonotic disease called Rift Valley fever (RVF). Currently, RVFV has spread from Africa to Asia, and due to its ability to cause high mortality rates, it has significantly [...] Read more.
Introduction: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) belonging to the Phenuiviridae family is responsible for a zoonotic disease called Rift Valley fever (RVF). Currently, RVFV has spread from Africa to Asia, and due to its ability to cause high mortality rates, it has significantly impacted human health and economic development in many societies. Highly specific and sensitive systems for sero-diagnosis of RVFV infection are needed for clinical use. Method: BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant RVFV nucleocapsid (rRVFV-N) protein and the spleen cells fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells to create hybridoma cell lines. The secreted monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were purified and characterized. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems for the detection of IgG and IgM using the new MAbs were established and evaluated. Serum samples from 96 volunteers and 93 patients of suspected RVF from Kenya were tested compared with the ELISA systems based on inactivated viruses and the rabbit polyclonal antibody. Result: Three monoclonal antibodies against rRVFV-N protein were established. The performance of the MAb-based sandwich IgG ELISA and the IgM capture ELISA perfectly matched the ELISA systems using the inactivated virus or the polyclonal antibody. Conclusions: Recombinant RVFV-N protein-specific MAbs were developed and they offer useful tools for RVFV studies. The MAb-based ELISA systems for detecting IgG and IgM offer safe and useful options for diagnosing RVFV infections in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bunyavirales Infections)
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