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Antioxidants in the Processes of Retarding Ageing

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Dear Colleagues,

Aging is defined as progressive physiological changes in an organism that lead to senescence, or a decline in biological functions and in the organism’s ability to adapt to metabolic stress. Numerous hypotheses exist to explain the organismal, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that underlie aging. A recent study indicates that aging is caused by an accumulation of molecular damage, e.g., from reactive oxygen species. Thus, it becomes increasingly important to find compounds that have antioxidant properties to slow down the aging process. In this issue, we invite manuscripts examining the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of antioxidants on aging based on model organisms and human cell lines as a crucial biological resource. Studies based on yeast, fruit flies, worms, mice, and rats are welcome. Focused original research articles and review paper are both welcome.

Dr. Mateusz Mołoń
Dr. Sabina Galiniak
Guest Editors

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17 pages, 9467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promising Anti-Wrinkle Applications of Aromatic Extracts of Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig via Antioxidation and Collagenase Inhibition

by Pattiya Tammasorn, Wannaree Charoensup, Anurak Bunrod, Watchara Kanjanakawinkul and Wantida Chaiyana

Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(12), 1738; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16121738 - 17 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2202

Abstract

This study aimed to extract aromatic compounds from the rhizomes, leaf sheaths, and leaves of Hedychium coronarium and investigate their chemical compositions, cosmetic/cosmeceutical activities, and irritation potency. The chemical compositions were investigated via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities were evaluated via spectrophotometry. The anti-skin wrinkle properties were investigated via collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibition. The irritation potency was observed via a hen’s egg–chorioallantoic membrane test. Eucalyptol was detected as a major component in the rhizomes and leaf sheaths, while β-caryophyllene was predominant in the leaves. The absolutes from the rhizomes were the strongest antioxidants, with ABTS scavenging properties similar to L-ascorbic acid. Interestingly, the equivalent concentration (EC₁) of the absolute from the rhizome was 0.82 ± 0.01 µg FeSO₄/g extract, which was significantly more potent than L-ascorbic acid (0.43 ± 0.03 µg FeSO₄/g extract). The rhizome-derived absolute was the most effective against collagenase, while the concretes from the rhizomes and leaf sheaths showed promising anti-hyaluronidase activity with inhibitions of 90.5 ± 1.6% and 87.4 ± 5.1%, respectively. The irritability of the aromatic extracts was not different from that of the vehicle control, proving their safety. Therefore, the Hedychium coronarium rhizome-derived absolute was an attractive and potent antioxidant with anti-collagenase activities, indicating its potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Processes of Retarding Ageing)

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12 pages, 2413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

SIRT1 Signaling Is Involved in the Vascular Improvement Induced by Moringa Oleifera Seeds during Aging

by Valeria Conti, Joseph Iharinjaka Randriamboavonjy, Herintsoa Rafatro, Valentina Manzo, Jessica Dal Col, Amelia Filippelli, Graziamaria Corbi and Angela Tesse

Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(5), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16050761 - 18 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1974

Abstract

Vascular aging is linked to reduce NO bioavailability, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We previously showed that a 4-week treatment of middle-aged Wistar rats (MAWRs, 46 weeks old) with Moringa oleifera seed powder (MOI, 750 mg/kg/day) improved vascular function. Here, we investigated the involvement of SIRT1 in MOI-induced vascular improvement. MAWRs were treated with a standard or MOI-containing diet. Young rats (YWR, 16 weeks old) were the controls and received a standard diet. The hearts and aortas were harvested to evaluate SIRT1 and FOXO1 expression via Western blot and/or immunostaining, SIRT1 activity via a fluorometric assay, and oxidative stress using the DHE fluorescent probe. In the hearts and aortas, SIRT1 expression, reduced in MAWRs compared to YWRs, was enhanced in MOI MAWRs. In the hearts, SIRT1 activity did not differ between YWRs and MAWRs, whereas it was increased in MOI MAWRs compared with them. In the aortas, SIRT1 activity decreased in MAWRs, and it was similar in the MOI MAWRs and YWRs. FOXO1 expression increased in the nuclei of MAWR aortas compared to YWR and was reversed in MOI MAWRs. Interestingly, MOI treatment normalized oxidative stress enhanced in MAWRs, in both the heart and aorta. These results demonstrate the protective role of MOI against cardiovascular dysfunction due to aging via enhanced SIRT1 function and subsequently reduced oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in the Processes of Retarding Ageing)

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