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Novel Cyclodextrin Based Systems for Drug Delivery and Related Issues

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A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 22434

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Francesco Trotta

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Departement of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Interests: cyclodextrin modification and functionalization; cyclodextrin nanosponges preparation and applications; drug delivery systems; biopolymers; membrane technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. José Manuel López Nicolás

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Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, E-30080 Murcia, Spain
Interests: molecular encapsulation; inclusion complexes; cyclodextrin; spectroscopic methods; bioactive compounds; enzymology; food science

Dr. Fabrizio Caldera

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Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria, 7-10125 Torino, Italy
Interests: cyclodextrins; polymer synthesis; dextrin polymers; drug delivery; encapsulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Adrián Matencio

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Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria, 7-10125 Torino, Italy
Interests: food biotechnology; molecular encapsulation; cyclodextrin; cyclodextrin-based materials; bioactive compounds; drug delivery; enzymology; molecular docking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The correct drug delivery method can optimize a treatment to reduce adverse effects and the amount of drug necessary. In this respect, novel materials provide interesting opportunities offering an interesting alternative to conventional ones. Thanks to molecular encapsulation, which is the confinement of a guest molecule inside the cavity of a supramolecular host molecule, the particle might present positive properties, such as increasing the apparent solubility of the drug or bioactive compound, stability under abiotic (light, oxidants, etc.) or biotic (enzymatic degradation) conditions, control release of molecules, elimination of undesirable tastes, odours or metabolites, etc.

This Special Issue is about the current state-of-the-art of systems of cyclodextrin-based materials for drug delivery and related issues, providing a useful dissemination of the latest information. The Special Issue covers several aspects from synthesis, characterization, to application:

Type of matrix, encapsulation mechanism, structure, functionalization, transport properties of encapsulated substrates, release, morphology, etc.
Applications in different fields such as (targeted) drug delivery, medical practice, cosmetics, food, advanced materials, agriculture, decontamination processes, catalysis, packaging, etc.

Prof. Dr. Francesco Trotta
Prof. Dr. José Manuel López Nicolás
Dr. Fabrizio Caldera
Dr. Adrián Matencio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

novel materials
polymers
cyclodextrin
drug delivery
structural characterization
drug or bioactive compounds properties improvement
application of nanomaterials in different fields

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges as Perse Antimicrobial Agents Increase the Activity of Natural Antimicrobial Peptide Nisin

by Yousef Khazaei Monfared, Mohammad Mahmoudian, Gjylije Hoti, Fabrizio Caldera, José Manuel López Nicolás, Parvin Zakeri-Milani, Adrián Matencio and Francesco Trotta

Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(3), 685; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030685 - 21 Mar 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2984

Abstract

At present, antibiotic resistance is considered a real problem. Therefore, for decades scientists have been looking for novel strategies to treat bacterial infections. Nisin Z, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), can be considered an option, but its usage is mainly limited by the poor stability and short duration of its antimicrobial activity. In this context, cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanosponges (NSs), synthesized using carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), were chosen for nisin Z loading. To determine the minimum inhibitory of nisin Z loaded on CD-NS formulations, agar well diffusion plates were used. Then, the bactericide concentrations of nisin Z loaded on CD-NS formulations were determined against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and -negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, using microdilution brain heart infusion (BHI) and tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The minimum and bactericide inhibitory values of the nisin complex with NSs were potentially decreased against both bacteria, compared with the nisin-free sample, while the nisin complex with β-CD showed lower antibacterial activity. The antimicrobial effect was also demonstrated by free NSs. Furthermore, the total viable counts (TVCs) antibacterial experiment indicated that the combination of nisin Z in both PMDA and CDI β-CD-based NSs, especially CDI, can provide a better conservative effect on cooked chicken meat. Generally, the present study outcomes suggest that the cross-linked β-CD-based NSs can present their own antimicrobial potency or serve as promising carriers to deliver and enhance the antibacterial action of nisin Z. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cyclodextrin Based Systems for Drug Delivery and Related Issues)

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17 pages, 32974 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supramolecular Complexes of Plant Neurotoxin Veratridine with Cyclodextrins and Their Antidote-like Effect on Neuro-2a Cell Viability

by Laura A. Uribe, Sandra Leonardo, Thorbjørn Terndrup Nielsen, Casper Steinmann, Mònica Campàs and Alex Fragoso

Pharmaceutics 2022, 14(3), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030598 - 9 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3419

Abstract

Veratridine (VTD) is a plant neurotoxin that acts by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) of cell membranes. Symptoms of VTD intoxication include intense nausea, hypotension, arrhythmia, and loss of consciousness. The treatment for the intoxication is mainly focused on treating the symptoms, meaning there is no specific antidote against VTD. In this pursuit, we were interested in studying the molecular interactions of VTD with cyclodextrins (CDs). CDs are supramolecular macrocycles with the ability to form host–guest inclusion complexes (ICs) inside their hydrophobic cavity. Since VTD is a lipid-soluble alkaloid, we hypothesized that it could form stable inclusion complexes with different types of CDs, resulting in changes to its physicochemical properties. In this investigation, we studied the interaction of VTD with β-CD, γ-CD and sulfobutyl ether β-CD (SBCD) by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Docking and molecular dynamics studies confirmed the most stable configuration for the inclusion complexes. Finally, with an interest in understanding the effects of the VTD/CD molecular interactions, we performed cell-based assays (CBAs) on Neuro-2a cells. Our findings reveal that the use of different amounts of CDs has an antidote-like concentration-dependent effect on the cells, significantly increasing cell viability and thus opening opportunities for novel research on applications of CDs and VTD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cyclodextrin Based Systems for Drug Delivery and Related Issues)

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17 pages, 4064 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Formulation of Genistein-HP β Cyclodextrin-Poloxamer 188 Ternary Inclusion Complex: Solubility to Cytotoxicity Assessment

by Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Syed Sarim Imam, Omar Awad Alsaidan, Faisal K. Alkholifi, Khalid Saad Alharbi, Ehab M. Mostafa, Abdullah S. Alanazi, Sadaf Jamal Gilani, Arafa Musa, Sultan Alshehri, Alenazy Rawaf and Ali Alquraini

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(12), 1997; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13121997 - 24 Nov 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2577

Abstract

The current study was designed to prepare the inclusion complex Genistein (GS) using Hydroxypropyl β cyclodextrin (HP β CD) and poloxamer 188 (PL 188). The binary inclusion complex (GS BC) and ternary inclusion complex (GS TC) were developed by microwave irradiation technique and evaluated for a comparative dissolution study. Further, the samples were assessed for FTIR, DSC, XRD, and NMR for the confirmation of complex formation. Finally, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies and cytotoxicity studies on a breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line were conducted. The dissolution study result showed a marked increment in GS dissolution/release after incorporation in binary (GS: HP β CD, 1:1) and ternary (GS: HP β CD: PL 188; 1:1:0.5) inclusion complexes. Moreover, the ternary complex exhibited a significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in dissolution than did the binary complexes. This might be due to the presence of PL 188, which helps in solubility enhancement of GS. DSC, XRD and SEM evaluation confirmed the modification in the structure of GS. FTIR and NMR results indicated the formation of an inclusion complex. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity results revealed that GS TC has shown significant (p < 0.05) higher activity than pure GS. The cytotoxicity study results also depicted concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. GS TC exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) high cytotoxicity to cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 225 µg/mL) than pure GS (IC₅₀ = 480 µg/mL). Finally, it was concluded that a remarkable enhancement in the dissolution was observed after the inclusion of GS in the ternary complex and it therefore has significant potential for the treatment of breast cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cyclodextrin Based Systems for Drug Delivery and Related Issues)

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19 pages, 21926 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cyclodextrin Complexation as a Way of Increasing the Aqueous Solubility and Stability of Carvedilol

by Sébastien Rigaud, David Mathiron, Tarek Moufawad, David Landy, Florence Djedaini-Pilard and Frédéric Marçon

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(11), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111746 - 20 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2721

Abstract

We studied the effect of several CDs on carvedilol’s solubility and chemical stability in various aqueous media. Our present results show that it is possible to achieve a carvedilol concentration of 5 mg/mL (12.3 mM) in the presence of 5 eq of γCD or RAMEB in an aqueous medium with an acceptable acid pH (between 3.5 and 4.7). Carvedilol formed 1:1 inclusion complexes but those with RAMEB appear to be stronger (K = 317 M⁻¹ at 298 K) than that with γCD (K = 225 M⁻¹ at 298 K). The complexation of carvedilol by RAMEB significantly increased the drug’s photochemical stability in aqueous solution. These results might constitute a first step towards the development of a novel oral formulation of carvedilol. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cyclodextrin Based Systems for Drug Delivery and Related Issues)

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Review

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24 pages, 2608 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cyclodextrins in Antiviral Therapeutics and Vaccines

by Susana Santos Braga, Jéssica S. Barbosa, Nádia E. Santos, Firas El-Saleh and Filipe A. Almeida Paz

Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(3), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030409 - 19 Mar 2021

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 8078 | Correction

Abstract

The present review describes the various roles of cyclodextrins (CDs) in vaccines against viruses and in antiviral therapeutics. The first section describes the most commonly studied application of cyclodextrins—solubilisation and stabilisation of antiviral drugs; some examples also refer to their beneficial taste-masking activity. The second part of the review describes the role of cyclodextrins in antiviral vaccine development and stabilisation, where they are employed as adjuvants and cryopreserving agents. In addition, cyclodextrin-based polymers as delivery systems for mRNA are currently under development. Lastly, the use of cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical active ingredients for the treatment of viral infections is explored. This new field of application is still taking its first steps. Nevertheless, promising results from the use of cyclodextrins as agents to treat other pathologies are encouraging. We present potential applications of the results reported in the literature and highlight the products that are already available on the market. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Cyclodextrin Based Systems for Drug Delivery and Related Issues)

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