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Utilization, Conservation and Breeding of Crop Genetic Resources Using Omics...
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Utilization, Conservation and Breeding of Crop Genetic Resources Using Omics Technologies

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 7123

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Photini V. Mylona

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
HAO-DEMETER, Institute of Plant Breeding & Genetic Resources, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: legumes; biofortification; genomics; transcriptomics; metabolomics; breeding; molecular markers; seed- plant-phenotyping; genotyping; mineral composition; landracesa
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Crop Genetic Resources (CGR), the cornerstone of agriculture and breeding, efficiently support food and feed production and safety. They encompass domesticated plant species, including landraces and modern cultivars, obsolete varieties, as well as crop wild relatives. CGR represent the pool of crops’ genetic diversity that is fundamental for breeding and development of new improved varieties for agriculture, adaptation to climate change challenges, and future needs. Therefore, CGR and agriculture are tightly linked, as agricultural production depends on interminable and sustainable utilization of the former.

The increasing population along with climate change challenges mandate the use of rapid inventions to strengthen agricultural production and food security. With the advent of -omics technologies, the utilization of CGR has advanced rapidly, providing new opportunities for efficient and scrupulous characterization of vital traits, conservation, and breeding. The precise high-throughput systems of -omics, encompassing multi-level innovative technologies, provide an armory of analytical tools for meticulous exploration at the cellular, tissue, and organism levels of a plant-genotype and a crop.

The current Special Issue provides a platform to present research results related to all applications of advanced -omics technologies of CGR including genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, and phenomics tools related to conservation and utilization as well as crop improvement and breeding and presents current trends and future prospects for progress in crop science and horticulture.

Dr. Photini V. Mylona
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • Genomics
  • metagenomics
  • crop breeding
  • next generation sequencing
  • nutrigenomics
  • transcriptomics
  • metabolomics
  • image analysis
  • phenomics
  • bioinformatics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1751 KiB  
Article
Mediterranean White Lupin Landraces as a Valuable Genetic Reserve for Breeding
by Ioannis Zafeiriou, Alexios N. Polidoros, Eirini Baira, Konstantinos M. Kasiotis, Kyriaki Machera and Photini V. Mylona
Plants 2021, 10(11), 2403; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112403 - 7 Nov 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3128
Abstract
Legumes crops are important for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Among them white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), is characterized by exceptional protein content of high nutritional value, competitive to that of soybean (Glycine max) and is well adapted to [...] Read more.
Legumes crops are important for sustainable agriculture and global food security. Among them white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), is characterized by exceptional protein content of high nutritional value, competitive to that of soybean (Glycine max) and is well adapted to rainfed agriculture. However, its high seed-quinolizidine alkaloid (QA) content impedes its direct integration to human diet and animal feed. Additionally, its cultivation is not yet intensive, remains confined to local communities and marginal lands in Mediterranean agriculture, while adaptation to local microclimates restrains its cultivation from expanding globally. Hence, modern white lupin breeding aims to exploit genetic resources for the development of “sweet” elite cultivars, resilient to biotic adversities and well adapted for cultivation on a global level. Towards this aim, we evaluated white lupin local landrace germplasm from Greece, since the country is considered a center of white lupin diversity, along with cultivars and breeding lines for comparison. Seed morphological diversity and molecular genetic relationships were investigated. Most of the landraces were distinct from cultivars, indicating the uniqueness of their genetic make-up. The presence of pauper “sweet” marker allele linked to low seed QA content in some varieties was detected in one landrace, two breeding lines, and the cultivars. However, QA content in the examined genotypes did not relate with the marker profile, indicating that the marker’s predictive power is limited in this material. Marker alleles for vernalization unresponsiveness were detected in eight landraces and alleles for anthracnose resistance were found in two landraces, pointing to the presence of promising germplasm for utilization in white lupin breeding. The rich lupin local germplasm genetic diversity and the distinct genotypic composition compared to elite cultivars, highlights its potential use as a source of important agronomic traits to support current breeding efforts and assist its integration to modern sustainable agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Utilization, Conservation and Breeding of Crop Genetic Resources Using Omics Technologies)
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17 pages, 34433 KiB  
Article
Genetic Diversity Evaluation and Conservation of Kam Fragrant Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm in Southeast Guizhou, China
by Qi-Yi Lei, Jiang-Ju Zhou, Yong Xiong, Wen-Hua Zhang, Jing Luo and Chun-Lin Long
Plants 2021, 10(9), 1898; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091898 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3086
Abstract
The genetic diversity of rice germplasm is the basis for increases in rice yield and quality. The collection, assessment, and protection of the genetic diversity of rice germplasm is important for achieving sustainable agriculture and assuring food security. Many underdeveloped indigenous areas have [...] Read more.
The genetic diversity of rice germplasm is the basis for increases in rice yield and quality. The collection, assessment, and protection of the genetic diversity of rice germplasm is important for achieving sustainable agriculture and assuring food security. Many underdeveloped indigenous areas have abundant and valuable rice germplasm resources. However, in-depth assessments of the genetic diversity of rice germplasm from these areas and studies related to protecting these traditional cultures are not available. In this study, from 2005 to 2016, the authors have conducted in-depth evaluation of the genetic diversity of Kam fragrant glutinous rice germplasm resources in southeast Guizhou by using multidisciplinary comprehensive methods such as ethnobotany, cultural anthropology, and modern molecular markers. In total, 376 Kam fragrant glutinous rice samples from 42 villages in the Dong community in southeast Guizhou were collected. Agronomic traits of panicles were complex and exhibited diversity. Some varieties had good disease resistance and adaptation to cold and wet climates. The Dong people named the Kam fragrant glutinous rice varieties by using seven elements, including diverse traits, growth environment, and origin. Traditional folk classification, in addition to morphology and biological analysis using molecular markers, indicates that Kam fragrant glutinous rice includes 91 varieties. Kam fragrant glutinous rice comprises a very high number of varieties, most of which are japonica-type and exhibit a high level of genetic diversity. The traditional folk classification of Kam fragrant glutinous rice by the Dong community is consistent with the biological classification. The traditional naming of Kam fragrant glutinous rice provides an important reference for understanding its genetic diversity. The high level of genetic diversity in Kam fragrant glutinous rice is not only related to the natural environment of the area but also tightly linked with the abundant and diverse Dong ethnic traditional cultures, which has led to protection of Kam fragrant glutinous rice’s genetic diversity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Utilization, Conservation and Breeding of Crop Genetic Resources Using Omics Technologies)
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