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Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration
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Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 10328

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Av. W5 Norte (final), Brasília 70770-917, Brazil
Interests: bioreactors; somatic embryogenesis; preservation; temporary immersion system; woody plants; cryopreservation; cell suspension culture; morphogenesis; epigenetic; immunofluorescence; transcriptomic; epigenomic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Somatic embryogenesis is a developmental process in which plant somatic cells can dedifferentiate into totipotent embryonic stem cells. Plant cells are able to regenerate new organs after tissue damage or under specific stress treatments. In plants, somatic embryogenesis plays a crucial role in clonal reproduction, and is a powerful tool for synthetic seed production, germplasm preservation, and cryopreservation. Understanding plant regeneration will aid us in making progress in optimizing tissue culture and improving its applications in plant micropropagation and biotechnology. Until now, the important parts of the cellular, physiological, biochemical and molecular processes underlying somatic embryo formation remain unknown. This Special Issue of Plants will provide additional insights into the physiological and molecular framework of plant regeneration; other topics related to germplasm conservation, genetic manipulation, morphogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, nutrition, large-scale clonal propagation, epigenetics, and the production of disease-free plants and useful metabolites are welcome to be contributed to this Special Issue.

Dr. Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • somatic embryogenesis
  • plant regeneration
  • micropropagation
  • in vitro culture
  • tissue culture
  • cell differentiation
  • cell culture
  • morphogenesis
  • epigenetic

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 672 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Selected Plant Growth Regulators and Carbohydrates on In Vitro Shoot Multiplication and Bulbing of the Tulip (Tulipa L.)
by Dariusz Sochacki, Przemysław Marciniak, Maria Ciesielska, Janina Zaród and Sutrisno
Plants 2023, 12(5), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051134 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2795
Abstract
The aim of this study was to check the effects of sugar type on the in vitro shoot multiplication of the tulip cultivar ‘Heart of Warsaw’ and the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) on the bulbing of previously multiplied shoots. [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to check the effects of sugar type on the in vitro shoot multiplication of the tulip cultivar ‘Heart of Warsaw’ and the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) on the bulbing of previously multiplied shoots. In addition, the subsequent effects of previously used sugars on the in vitro bulb formation of this cultivar were checked. First, the optimum supplementation of Murashige and Skoog medium with plant growth regulators (PGRs) was selected for shoot multiplication. Of the six tested, the best results were obtained using a combination of 2iP 0.1 mg·L−1, NAA 0.1 mg·L−1, and mT 5.0 mg·L−1. The effects of different carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and fructose at 30 g·L−1 and a mixture of glucose and fructose at 15 g·L−1 each) on multiplication efficiency was then tested on this medium. The microbulb-forming experiment was carried out taking into consideration the effects of previously applied sugars, and at week 6, the agar medium was flooded with liquid medium containing NAA 2 mg·L−1, PBZ 1 mg·L−1, or medium without PGRs; in the first combination, the cultures were left on a single-phase medium, solidified with agar, as a control. After 2 months of treatment at 5 °C, the total number of microbulbs formed and the number and weights of mature microbulbs were assessed. The results obtained indicate the ability of using meta-topolin (mT) in tulip micropropagation and point to sucrose and glucose as the optimal carbohydrates for intensive shoot multiplication. The results lead to the conclusion that it is most advantageous to multiply tulip shoots on glucose medium and then to carry out cultures on a two-phase medium with PBZ, which results in a higher number of microbulbs and their faster maturation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration)
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18 pages, 4701 KiB  
Article
Enzymatic Antioxidant System Activation Assures the Viability of Guadua chacoensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) Embryogenic Cultures during Cryopreservation
by Luiza Giacomolli Polesi, Daniela Goeten, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga, Neusa Steiner and Miguel Pedro Guerra
Plants 2023, 12(3), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030673 - 3 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1958
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a cryopreservation protocol for G. chacoensis embryogenic cultures (ECs) and to investigate the role of antioxidant enzymes activities during cryopreservation. The growth dynamics of cell suspensions were also investigated, followed by a phytotoxicity test to assess the ECs’ [...] Read more.
This study aimed to establish a cryopreservation protocol for G. chacoensis embryogenic cultures (ECs) and to investigate the role of antioxidant enzymes activities during cryopreservation. The growth dynamics of cell suspensions were also investigated, followed by a phytotoxicity test to assess the ECs’ ability to tolerate the use of cryoprotective solutions for different incubation times (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min). We evaluated the EC redox state in three steps of cryopreservation: after incubation in cryoprotection solution, after thawing, and 60 days after regrowth. Our results showed that the ECs support the use of cryoprotective solution until 120 min, showing phytotoxic effects with 240 min of incubation. This study reports a 100% survival of the cultures and a 10% increase ratio in fresh material for both incubation times tested (60 and 120 min). Increased malonaldehyde content was identified after incubation in the cryoprotective solution. An increase in the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was also identified in the subsequent steps, suggesting that the activation of antioxidant enzymes is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis during cryopreservation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration)
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9 pages, 1758 KiB  
Article
Development of a Highly Efficient Shoot Organogenesis System for an Ornamental Aeschynanthus pulcher (Blume) G. Don Using Leaves as Explants
by Honglin Yang, Honglin Yuan, Cunmei Du, Liyun Liang, Meiling Chen and Lijuan Zou
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2456; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192456 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2110
Abstract
Aeschynanthus pulcher (Blume) G. Don, the “lipstick plant” is a prized ornamental plant with distinctive flowers. Here, we introduce a novel in vitro regeneration method for A. pulcher using leaf explants and an optimized combination of phytohormone plant growth regulators (PGRs). The optimal [...] Read more.
Aeschynanthus pulcher (Blume) G. Don, the “lipstick plant” is a prized ornamental plant with distinctive flowers. Here, we introduce a novel in vitro regeneration method for A. pulcher using leaf explants and an optimized combination of phytohormone plant growth regulators (PGRs). The optimal conditions for shoot regeneration included 1 mg L−1 polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) plus 3 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ), inducing a response rate of 82.4% and a shoot/explant ratio of 38.6. When the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium contained indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) alone, leaves first differentiated into adventitious roots and then adventitious shoots. Leaves cultured on MS medium containing 1 g L−1 PVP, 3 mg L−1 TDZ, 5 mg L−1 casein, and 0.1 mg L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 30 d exhibited the highest embryogenic callus (EC) induction rate (95.6%). The optimal shoot proliferation coefficient (21.5) was obtained when shoots derived from EC were cultured on the same medium as that used for EC induction for 5 weeks. The most effective medium for rooting of elongated shoots was MS medium containing 1 g L−1 PVP, 5 mg L−1 casein, 3 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA), and 0.1 mg L−1 NAA, and the number of roots reached 18.8. The regenerated plants grown in a greenhouse had 100% survival following one week of hardening. Overall, our effective and efficient propagation method should result in shortened culture periods and reduced production costs, allowing for the future selective breeding and genetic improvement of A. pulcher. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration)
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15 pages, 671 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Mammalian Sex Hormones on Polymorphism and Genomic Instability in the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
by Aras Türkoğlu, Kamil Haliloğlu, Özge Balpinar, Halil Ibrahim Öztürk, Güller Özkan and Peter Poczai
Plants 2022, 11(15), 2071; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11152071 - 8 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2626
Abstract
Mammalian sex hormones are steroid-structured compounds that support the growth and development of plants at low concentrations. Since they affect the physiological processes in plants, it has been thought that mammalian sex hormones may cause modifications to plant genomes and epigenetics. This study [...] Read more.
Mammalian sex hormones are steroid-structured compounds that support the growth and development of plants at low concentrations. Since they affect the physiological processes in plants, it has been thought that mammalian sex hormones may cause modifications to plant genomes and epigenetics. This study aims to determine whether different mammalian sex hormones (17 β-estradiol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone) in several concentrations (0, 10−4, 10−6, and 10−8 mM) affect genetic or epigenetic levels in bean plants, using in vitro tissue cultures from plumule explants. We investigated levels of DNA damage, changes in DNA methylation and DNA stability in common bean exposed to mammalian sex hormones (MSH) using inter-primer binding site (iPBS) and Coupled Restriction Enzyme Digestion-iPBS (CRED-iPBS) assays, respectively. The highest rate of polymorphism in iPBS profiles was observed when 10−4 mM of estrogen (52.2%) hormone was administered. This finding indicates that genetic stability is reduced. In the CRED-iPBS profile, which reveals the methylation level associated with the DNA cytosine nucleotide, 10−4 mM of estrogen hormone exhibited the highest hypermethylation value. Polymorphism was observed in all hormone administrations compared to the control (without hormone), and it was determined that genomic stability was decreased at high concentrations. Taken together, the results indicate that 17 β-estradiol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone in bean plants affect genomic instability and cause epigenetic modifications, which is an important control mechanism in gene expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration)
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