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Cereal Genetics and Molecular Genetics
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Cereal Genetics and Molecular Genetics

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2024) | Viewed by 6185

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Nikolay P. Goncharov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Interests: plant genetics and molecular biology; wheat taxonomy; breeding

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The journal Plants will jointly be publishing a Special Issue on Cereal Genetics and Molecular Genetics.

Despite all the achievements of the 20th century's the green revolution, food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty are still troubling concerns in many regions of the world. Today’s agriculture faces numerous challenges relating to climate change, including biodiversity loss, soil fertility reduction, global warming, water availability, and so on.

Acquiring constant knowledge about Cereals and members of the Gramineae family, including wheat (Triticum L.), barley (Hordeum L.), rye (Secale L.), maize (Zea L.), rice (Oryza L.), etc., is essential for human beings’ survival since members of this family together supply a vast majority of the world’s calories.

The development of crop genetics and molecular methods for genetic analysis has significantly improved our understanding of the structure and behavior of cereal genomes. This progress has secured us with the production of cultivars for the next generation. Overall, developing next-generation cultivars plays a crucial role in reducing risks posed by climate change. Additionally, some cereals are considered an ideal model for studying the genetics of cultivated plants due to their close relationship.

This Special Issue will cover various areas, aiming to contribute to the overall knowledge of cereal genetics and molecular genetics from several aspects, including functional genomics, transformation, gene editing, and marker-assisted selective breeding. To speed up advancements in the field, we also encourage the submission of confirmatory findings and negative or inconclusive results which address rigorously tested hypotheses and aspects of molecular genetics . Regarding the publication format, we aim to gather original research articles and reports alongside reviews and opinions.

Prof. Nikolay P. Goncharov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cereal
  • genetics
  • molecular genetics
  • functional genomics
  • biodiversity
  • gene editing
  • marker-assisted selective breeding

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1527 KiB  
Article
Field Evaluation of Rice Lines Derived from Suakoko 8 X Bao Thai for Iron Tolerance in the South Saharan African Farming System
by Mouritala Sikirou, Afeez Shittu, Yonnelle Dea Moukoumbi, Aboudou Hack Arouna, Chédrac Zokpon, Roland Bocco, Adetoro Najimu and Venuprasad Ramaiah
Plants 2024, 13(12), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13121610 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
Rice is a major grain crop in numerous countries. In lowland areas, high iron levels in the soil severely hinder its cultivation. The current study explored high-yielding and Fe-toxicity-tolerant irrigated lowland rice (340 lines) among a population derived from a cross between Suakoko [...] Read more.
Rice is a major grain crop in numerous countries. In lowland areas, high iron levels in the soil severely hinder its cultivation. The current study explored high-yielding and Fe-toxicity-tolerant irrigated lowland rice (340 lines) among a population derived from a cross between Suakoko 8 and Bao Thai in Edozighi and Ibadan, Nigeria. In contrast to Ibadan, the soils in Edozighi contain a significant amount of iron. For the stated purpose, we carried out a two-year experiment using an alpha lattice design. The data showed significant differences between genotypes for the days to heading, plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, and grain yield. The results revealed that multiple characteristics had both direct and indirect effects on cultivated rice yields. There was a direct and positive influence on the number of days in the 50% heading period (0.31), a direct and negative effect on plant height (−0.94), a direct and positive effect on tiller and panicle numbers, and a direct but negative effect on panicle length (−0.56). The leaf bronzing score was adversely correlated with yield, panicle length, and plant height, while it was positively correlated with the number of panicles, tillers, and days to heading. The findings showed significant changes in yield and yield characteristics between genotypes. Grain yields ranged from 283 to 11,700 kg/ha in the absence of iron in the soil, contrary to 0 to 8230 kg/ha in soil with iron toxicity, with losses estimated between 6 and 94%, demonstrating the resulting disaster. In contrast to the elite parents and varieties used in this study, the ten top genotypes exhibited smaller losses in yield. The authors strongly recommend using these lines for further studies as donors or releasing them in farmer fields in Africa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cereal Genetics and Molecular Genetics)
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21 pages, 2528 KiB  
Article
Identification of Novel Loci Precisely Modulating Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance and Red Color Components of the Seed Coat in T. aestivum L.
by Svetlana D. Afonnikova, Antonina A. Kiseleva, Anna V. Fedyaeva, Evgenii G. Komyshev, Vasily S. Koval, Dmitry A. Afonnikov and Elena A. Salina
Plants 2024, 13(10), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13101309 - 9 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1311
Abstract
The association between pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and seed coat color has long been recognized. Red-grained wheats generally exhibit greater PHS resistance compared to white-grained wheat, although variability in PHS resistance exists within red-grained varieties. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study on a [...] Read more.
The association between pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and seed coat color has long been recognized. Red-grained wheats generally exhibit greater PHS resistance compared to white-grained wheat, although variability in PHS resistance exists within red-grained varieties. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study on a panel consisting of red-grained wheat varieties, aimed at uncovering genes that modulate PHS resistance and red color components of seed coat using digital image processing. Twelve loci associated with PHS traits were identified, nine of which were described for the first time. Genetic loci marked by SNPs AX-95172164 (chromosome 1B) and AX-158544327 (chromosome 7D) explained approximately 25% of germination index variance, highlighting their value for breeding PHS-resistant varieties. The most promising candidate gene for PHS resistance was TraesCS6B02G147900, encoding a protein involved in aleurone layer morphogenesis. Twenty-six SNPs were significantly associated with grain color, independently of the known Tamyb10 gene. Most of them were related to multiple color characteristics. Prioritization of genes within the revealed loci identified TraesCS1D03G0758600 and TraesCS7B03G1296800, involved in the regulation of pigment biosynthesis and in controlling pigment accumulation. In conclusion, our study identifies new loci associated with grain color and germination index, providing insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cereal Genetics and Molecular Genetics)
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25 pages, 6694 KiB  
Article
Genetic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Study for the Phenology Response of Winter Wheats of North America, Western Asia, and Europe
by Adil El Baouchi, Mohammed Ibriz, Susanne Dreisigacker, Marta S. Lopes and Miguel Sanchez Garcia
Plants 2023, 12(23), 4053; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12234053 - 1 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1959
Abstract
Wheat is a staple food in many areas around the World. In the 20th century, breeders and scientists were able to boost wheat yield considerably. However, a yield plateau has become a concern and is threatening food security. Investments in cutting-edge technologies, including [...] Read more.
Wheat is a staple food in many areas around the World. In the 20th century, breeders and scientists were able to boost wheat yield considerably. However, a yield plateau has become a concern and is threatening food security. Investments in cutting-edge technologies, including genomics and precision phenology measurements, can provide valuable tools to drive crop improvement. The objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the genetic diversity in a set of winter wheat lines, (ii) characterize their phenological response under different vernalization and photoperiod conditions, and (iii) identify effective markers associated with the phenological traits. A total of 249 adapted genotypes of different geographical origin were genotyped using the 35K Axiom® Wheat Breeder’s Array. A total of 11,476 SNPs were used for genetic analysis. The set showed an average polymorphism information content of 0.37 and a genetic diversity of 0.43. A population structure analysis revealed three distinct subpopulations mainly related to their geographical origin (Europe, North America, and Western Asia). The lines of CGIAR origin showed the largest diversity and the lowest genetic distance to all other subpopulations. The phenology of the set was studied under controlled conditions using four combinations of long (19 h light) and short photoperiod (13 h light) and long vernalization (49 days at 5 °C) and no vernalization. With this, phenological traits such as earliness per se (Eps), relative response to vernalization (RRV), and relative response to photoperiod (RRP) were calculated. The phenotypic variation of growing degree days was significant in all phenology combinations. RRV ranged from 0 to 0.56, while RRP was higher with an overall average of 0.25. The GWAS analysis detected 30 marker-trait associations linked to five phenological traits. The highest significant marker was detected on chromosome 2D with a value of −log10(p) = 11.69. Only four loci known to regulate flowering exceeded the Bonferroni correction threshold of −log10(p) > 5.1. These results outline a solid foundation to address global food security and offer tremendous opportunities for advancing crop improvement strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cereal Genetics and Molecular Genetics)
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14 pages, 1983 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Structural Organization and Expression of the Vrn-D1 Gene Controlling Growth Habit (Spring vs. Winter) in Aegilops tauschii Coss.
by Grigory Yurievich Chepurnov, Ekaterina Sergeevna Ovchinnikova, Alexander Genadevich Blinov, Nadezhda Nikolaevna Chikida, Mariya Khasbulatovna Belousova and Nikolay Petrovich Goncharov
Plants 2023, 12(20), 3596; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203596 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1139
Abstract
The duration of the vegetative period is an important agronomic characteristic of cereal crops. It is mainly influenced by the Vrn (response to vernalization) and Ppd (response to photoperiod) genes. In this work, we searched for alleles of several known genes of these [...] Read more.
The duration of the vegetative period is an important agronomic characteristic of cereal crops. It is mainly influenced by the Vrn (response to vernalization) and Ppd (response to photoperiod) genes. In this work, we searched for alleles of several known genes of these two systems of response to external conditions in 15 accessions of Aegilops tauschii Coss. (syn. Ae. squarrosa L.), with the aim of studying the impact these alleles have on the vegetative period duration and growth habit. As a result, three allelic variants have been found for the Vrn-D1 gene: (i) one intact (winter type), (ii) one with a 5437 bp deletion in the first intron and (iii) one previously undescribed allele with a 3273 bp deletion in the first intron. It has been shown that the spring growth habit of Ae. tauschii can be developed due to the presence of a new allele of the Vrn-D1 gene. Significant differences in expression levels between the new allelic variant of the Vrn-D1 gene and the intact allele vrn-D1 were confirmed by qPCR. The new allele can be introgressed into common wheat to enhance the biodiversity of the spring growth habit and vegetative period duration of plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cereal Genetics and Molecular Genetics)
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