Mechanisms Regulating C, N, and P Storage, Cycle, and Stoichiometry in Plant Ecosystems Under Climate Change

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2563

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Arts and Sciences, Governors State University, University Park, IL 690484, USA
Interests: biomass and primary productivity; CO2 eflux; carbon storage and sequestration; nutrient cycle; forest hydrology; ecosystem services
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
Interests: plant ecology and ecophysiology; global change ecology; ecosystem ecology; biogeochemical cycle; agro-ecology; ecological modeling; eco-statistics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are the most basic and essential elements of life on Earth. The quantity, status, distribution, and dynamics of these elements play a fundamental and critical role in maintaining life processes, stabilizing component structures, maintaining primary productivity, and regulating ecosystem services in plant ecosystems. Due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels, large-scale deforestation, urbanization, mining, commercial use of fertilizers, and changes in land cover/use, climate change is occurring rapidly. The consequences of climate change are not only global warming, but also include permafrost melting, rising sea levels, extreme weather events, more frequent floods and droughts, and their impact on human health and well-being. Although climate change has profound impacts on the Earth, the impact of climate change on C, N, and P contents, distributions, and cycling processes in plant ecosystems is still unclear. Under the climate change scenario, little is known about the feedback mechanism regulating the stoichiometry and dynamic characteristics of C, N, and P in plant ecosystems.

This Special Issue aims to compile cutting-edge research and deepen our understanding of the impact of climate change on C, N, and P contents, distribution patterns, cycling processes, and stoichiometry in different plant/forest ecosystems. We encourage the submission of all research papers based on literature reviews, field observations, laboratory experiments, statistical analyses, machine learning, and numerical modeling. Potential themes include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Distribution and stocks of C, N, and P pools in forest ecosystems;
  • Dynamic processes and patterns of greenhouse gas efflux;
  • Impact of microbial community on C, Ns and P dynamics;
  • Linkages among C, N, and P stoichiometry in various components of plant ecosystems;
  • Carbon sequestration potential of plants/forests;
  • Patterns of phosphate fractions in soil aggregates;
  • Transformation of different forms of N in plant/forest soils;
  • Relationships between C, N, and P status and soil environmental factors.

Prof. Dr. Xiaoyong Chen
Prof. Dr. Dafeng Hui
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • climate change
  • nitrogen
  • carbon
  • phosphorus
  • nutrient storage
  • ecological stoichiometry
  • greenhouse gas efflux
  • ecosystem services
  • forest management

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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19 pages, 4172 KiB  
Article
Drought-Induced Alterations in Carbon and Water Dynamics of Chinese Fir Plantations at the Trunk Wood Stage
by Yijun Liu, Li Zhang, Wende Yan, Yuanying Peng, Hua Sun and Xiaoyong Chen
Plants 2024, 13(20), 2937; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13202937 - 20 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Over the past three decades, China has implemented extensive reforestation programs, primarily utilizing Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) in southern China, to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and counter extreme climate events. However, the effects of drought on the carbon sequestration capacity [...] Read more.
Over the past three decades, China has implemented extensive reforestation programs, primarily utilizing Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) in southern China, to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and counter extreme climate events. However, the effects of drought on the carbon sequestration capacity of these forests, particularly during the trunk wood stage, remain unclear. This study, conducted in Huitong, Hunan, China, from 2008 to 2013, employed the eddy covariance method to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) and water fluxes in Chinese fir forests, covering a severe drought year in 2011. The purpose was to elucidate the dynamics of carbon and water fluxes during a drought year and across multi-normal year averages. The results showed that changes in soil water content (−8.00%), precipitation (−18.45%), and relative humidity (−5.10%), decreases in air temperature (−0.09 °C) and soil temperature (−0.79 °C), and increases in vapor pressure deficit (19.18%) and net radiation (8.39%) were found in the drought year compared to the normal years. These changes in environmental factors led to considerable decreases in net ecosystem exchange (−40.00%), ecosystem respiration (−13.09%), and gross ecosystem productivity (−18.52%), evapotranspiration (−12.50%), and water use efficiency (−5.83%) in the studied forests in the drought year. In this study, the occurrence of seasonal drought due to uneven precipitation distribution led to a decrease in gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) and evapotranspiration (ET). However, the impact of drought on GEP was greater than its effect on ET, resulting in a reduced water use efficiency (WUE). This study emphasized the crucial role of water availability in determining forest productivity and suggested the need for adjusting vegetation management strategies under severe drought conditions. Our results contributed to improving management practices for Chinese fir plantations in response to changing climate conditions. Full article
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16 pages, 4638 KiB  
Essay
Effects of Fertilization and Planting Modes on Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Community Formation of Tree Seedlings
by Sutong Fan, Yao Tang, Hongzhi Yang, Yuda Hu, Yelin Zeng, Yonghong Wang, Yunlin Zhao, Xiaoyong Chen, Yaohui Wu and Guangjun Wang
Plants 2024, 13(18), 2665; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182665 - 23 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1251
Abstract
Biochar and organic fertilizer can significantly increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and promote agricultural production, but it is still unclear how they affect forest SOC after. Here, low-quality plantation soil was subjected to four distinct fertilization treatments: (CK, without fertilization; BC, tea seed [...] Read more.
Biochar and organic fertilizer can significantly increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and promote agricultural production, but it is still unclear how they affect forest SOC after. Here, low-quality plantation soil was subjected to four distinct fertilization treatments: (CK, without fertilization; BC, tea seed shell biochar alone; OF, tea meal organic fertilizer alone; BCF, tea seed shell biochar plus tea meal organic fertilizer). Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook and Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oersted seedlings were then planted in pots at the ratios of 2:0, 1:1, and 0:2 (SS, SQ, QQ) and grown for one year. The results showed that the BCF treatment had the best effect on promoting seedling growth and increasing SOC content. BCF changed soil pH and available nutrient content, resulting in the downregulation of certain oligotrophic groups (Acidobacteria and Basidiomycetes) and the upregulation of eutrophic groups (Ascomycota and Proteobacteria). Key bacterial groups, which were identified by Line Discriminant Analysis Effect Size analysis, were closely associated with microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and SOC. Pearson correlation analysis showed that bacterial community composition exhibited a positive correlation with SOC, MBC, available phosphorus, seedling biomass, and plant height, whereas fungal community composition was predominantly positively correlated with seedling underground biomass. It suggested that environmental differences arising from fertilization and planting patterns selectively promote microbial communities that contribute to organic carbon formation. In summary, the combination of biochar and organic fertilizers would enhance the improvement and adaptation of soil microbial communities, playing a crucial role in increasing forest soil organic carbon and promoting tree growth. Full article
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