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Olive Diversity and Conservation
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Olive Diversity and Conservation

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 16233

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cinzia Montemurro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Soil, Plants and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
Interests: genotyping by sequencing; olive germplasm; grapevine; genetic diversity; functional genomics; molecular polymorphism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valentina Fanelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: molecular biology; genetics; biotechnology; traceability; genotyping; food authentication

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Olive is a tree species widely spread in all countries of the Mediterranean basin and is mainly used for oil and table olive production. Besides a large number of known and deeply characterized olive varieties, several landraces and neglected varieties are also widespread in all Mediterranean countries. These unexplored and unexploited cultivars represent an enormous reservoir of biodiversity and a valuable economic resource.

Current global challenges, such as incurable diseases and abrupt climate changes, are causing a loss of plant biodiversity, which also affects olive. This makes the implementation of concrete actions to valorize and preserve the wide olive diversity essential. For this purpose, a deep knowledge of morphological and molecular diversity existing among olive cultivars, including landraces and neglected varieties, is of fundamental importance.

This Special Issue covers a wide variety of research aiming to explore olive diversity at different levels and to contribute to the overall knowledge of this species. Articles about morphological, genetic, biochemical and nutritional characterization of olive along with papers related to innovative and effective biodiversity conservation strategies are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Cinzia Montemurro
Dr. Valentina Fanelli
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Olea europaea
  • Genetic diversity
  • Morphological characterization
  • Biochemical analysis
  • Nutritional composition
  • Olive diversity
  • Olive conservation
  • Genetic resources

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2731 KiB  
Article
Morphological and Eco-Geographic Variation in Algerian Wild Olives
by Wahiba Falek, Isabella Mascio, Susanna Gadaleta, Valentina Fanelli, Sakina Bechkri, Douadi Khelifi, Monica Marilena Miazzi and Cinzia Montemurro
Plants 2022, 11(14), 1803; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11141803 - 8 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2101
Abstract
Algerian wild olives can represent an important resource for cultivated olive breeding, since they are characterized by great morphological variability. Moreover, they grow in different bioclimatic environments, including dry and hot climates, making the collections of wild olives a good source of abiotic [...] Read more.
Algerian wild olives can represent an important resource for cultivated olive breeding, since they are characterized by great morphological variability. Moreover, they grow in different bioclimatic environments, including dry and hot climates, making the collections of wild olives a good source of abiotic stress resistance traits. Our study aimed to investigate the morphological diversity of 175 wild olive trees collected in North Algeria along with a wide range of different bioclimatic habitats for studying traits of olive accessions in relation to their different ecogeographical parameters. Wild olive trees were found in five different bioclimates areas spanning from humid to Saharan areas. They showed high variation in all traits, in particular fruit and stone weight, which expressed the highest coefficient of variation, and a high positive correlation between fruit weight/width. Cluster analysis separated the samples into two groups mostly based on fruit and stone size, while no relationship was observed with the area of sampling. Only the Saharan samples showed significantly different foliar and fruit characteristics compared to samples from other bioclimatic areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Diversity and Conservation)
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10 pages, 2107 KiB  
Article
Olive Oil Sensory Analysis as a Tool to Preserve and Valorize the Heritage of Centenarian Olive Trees
by Nuno Rodrigues, António M. Peres, Paula Baptista and José Alberto Pereira
Plants 2022, 11(3), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030257 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2374
Abstract
In inland areas of Portugal and some regions of the Mediterranean basin, olive production is based on traditional olive groves, with low intensification, local cultivars, aged plants, and centenarian trees. These plants play a key role in the ecosystem, contributing to carbon sequestration [...] Read more.
In inland areas of Portugal and some regions of the Mediterranean basin, olive production is based on traditional olive groves, with low intensification, local cultivars, aged plants, and centenarian trees. These plants play a key role in the ecosystem, contributing to carbon sequestration and possessing a high genetic diversity, particularly important for selecting cultivars more resistant to climatic changes. Appreciation of the value of this genetic diversity implies genetic, morphological, and physicochemical characterization of centenarian trees, which is expensive and time-consuming. Sensory evaluation is also of utmost importance. Thus, in this study, centenarian olive trees were selected in the Côa Valley region, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The descriptive sensory profile of their extracted olive oils was established and used to cluster the oils, using hierarchical clustering analysis, and consequently the olive trees, into five groups with similar intensities of perceived olfactory–gustatory attributes. Each cluster revealed olive oils with unique sensory patterns, presumably due to similarities of the olive trees, confirming the potential of the proposed screening approach. The identification of sensorially homogeneous oil-tree groups would reduce the number of specimens needed for subsequent morphological, genetic, and chemical characterization, allowing a cost-effective and robust future evaluation procedure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Diversity and Conservation)
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18 pages, 4407 KiB  
Article
Contrasting Genetic Footprints among Saharan Olive Populations: Potential Causes and Conservation Implications
by Guillaume Besnard, Océane Gorrilliot, Pauline Raimondeau, Benoit Génot, Ahmed El Bakkali, Fabien Anthelme and Djamel Baali-Cherif
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061207 - 14 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3277
Abstract
The Laperrine’s olive is endemic to the Saharan Mountains. Adapted to arid environments, it may constitute a valuable genetic resource to improve water-stress tolerance in the cultivated olive. However, limited natural regeneration coupled with human pressures make it locally endangered in Central Sahara. [...] Read more.
The Laperrine’s olive is endemic to the Saharan Mountains. Adapted to arid environments, it may constitute a valuable genetic resource to improve water-stress tolerance in the cultivated olive. However, limited natural regeneration coupled with human pressures make it locally endangered in Central Sahara. Understanding past population dynamics is thus crucial to define management strategies. Nucleotide sequence diversity was first investigated on five nuclear genes and compared to the Mediterranean and African olives. These data confirm that the Laperrine’s olive has a strong affinity with the Mediterranean olive, but it shows lower nucleotide diversity than other continental taxa. To investigate gene flows mediated by seeds and pollen, polymorphisms from nuclear and plastid microsatellites from 383 individuals from four Saharan massifs were analyzed. A higher genetic diversity in Ahaggar (Hoggar, Algeria) suggests that this population has maintained over the long term a larger number of individuals than other massifs. High-to-moderate genetic differentiation between massifs confirms the role of desert barriers in limiting gene flow. Yet contrasting patterns of isolation by distance were observed within massifs, and also between plastid and nuclear markers, stressing the role of local factors (e.g., habitat fragmentation, historical range shift) in seed and pollen dispersal. Implications of these results in the management of the Laperrine’s olive genetic resources are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Diversity and Conservation)
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Review

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24 pages, 781 KiB  
Review
Microbiome Associated with Olive Cultivation: A Review
by Rogério Melloni and Elke J. B. N. Cardoso
Plants 2023, 12(4), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040897 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2880
Abstract
International research has devoted much effort to the study of the impacts caused to the soil by different management practices applied to olive cultivation. Such management involves techniques considered conventional, including the control of spontaneous plants with herbicides or machines, inorganic fertilizers, and [...] Read more.
International research has devoted much effort to the study of the impacts caused to the soil by different management practices applied to olive cultivation. Such management involves techniques considered conventional, including the control of spontaneous plants with herbicides or machines, inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides to control pests and diseases. Equally, some producers use sustainable techniques, including drastic pruning, the use of cultivars that are tolerant to diseases and adverse climates, the use of organic conditioners in the soil, the maintenance of vegetation cover with spontaneous plants, and the use of inoculants, among others. In both conventional and sustainable/organic management, the effects on soil quality, crop development, and production are accessed through the presence, activity, and/or behavior of microorganisms, microbial groups, and their processes in the soil and/or directly in the crop itself, such as endophytes and epiphytes. Thus, our present review seeks to assemble research information, not only regarding the role of microorganisms on growth and development of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.). We looked mainly for reviews that reveal the impacts of different management practices applied in countries that produce olive oil and olives, which can serve as a basis and inspiration for Brazilian studies on the subject. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Diversity and Conservation)
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15 pages, 781 KiB  
Review
Current Status of Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation of Wild Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris)
by Valentina Fanelli, Isabella Mascio, Wahiba Falek, Monica Marilena Miazzi and Cinzia Montemurro
Plants 2022, 11(4), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11040480 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4193
Abstract
Oleaster (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) is the ancestor of cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) and it is spread through the whole Mediterranean Basin, showing an overlapping distribution with cultivated olive trees. Climate [...] Read more.
Oleaster (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) is the ancestor of cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) and it is spread through the whole Mediterranean Basin, showing an overlapping distribution with cultivated olive trees. Climate change and new emerging diseases are expected to severely affect the cultivations of olive in the future. Oleaster presents a higher genetic variability compared to the cultivated olive and some wild trees were found adapted to particularly harsh conditions; therefore, the role of oleaster in the future of olive cultivation may be crucial. Despite the great potential, only recently the need to deeply characterize and adequately preserve the wild olive resources drew the attention of researchers. In this review, we summarized the most important morphological and genetic studies performed on oleaster trees collected in different countries of the Mediterranean Basin. Moreover, we reviewed the strategies introduced so far to preserve and manage the oleaster germplasm collections, giving a future perspective on their role in facing the future agricultural challenges posed by climatic changes and new emerging diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Diversity and Conservation)
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