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Polymers and Polymer-Based Composites for Additive Manufacturing II

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Dear Colleagues,

Additive manufacturing (AM) comprises a number of technologies which allow the design and fabrication of complex and tailor-made structures at different scales with high reproducibility without the need for any mold. This has allowed AM to establish itself as a powerful alternative to traditional manufacturing. In this context, the development of new materials for AM with enhanced mechanical and/or functional properties has attracted enormous interest both in the scientific community and the industrial sector.

The scope of this Special Issue includes the synthesis, processing, and characterization of novel polymers and polymer-based composites for additive manufacturing, as well as 3D printing of structural and functional materials with potential interest in the industry. We encourage submissions where practical applications are presented, ranging from nanotechnology to large format additive manufacturing.

Dr. Alberto Sanz de León
Prof. Dr. Sergio I. Molina
Guest Editors

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20 pages, 7698 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Standard Geometry Shapes on the Tensile Properties of 3D-Printed Polymer

by Rawabe Fatima Faidallah, Muammel M. Hanon, Varun Vashist, Ahmad Habib, Zoltán Szakál and István Oldal

Polymers 2023, 15(14), 3029; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15143029 - 13 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5310

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of the tensile properties of 3D-printed polymer specimens with different standard geometry shapes. The objective is to assess the influence of printing orientation and geometry on the mechanical performance. Rectangular-shaped ASTM D3039 specimens with angles of 0°, 15°, and 90° are compared to various tensile test specimens based on ASTM and ISO standards. All specimens are fabricated using polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) material through fused deposition modeling (FDM). Two printing orientations, flat and on-edge, are investigated, and tensile strength, elastic modulus, strain, and elongation at break are measured. The study examines the weak spot commonly found at the neck of the specimens and evaluates the broken areas. Additionally, a numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM) is performed to identify stress risers’ locations in each specimen type. Experimental results show that the ASTM D3039-0° specimen printed in the on-edge orientation exhibits the highest tensile properties, while the flat orientation yields the best results in terms of the broken area. The ISO 527-2 specimens consistently display lower tensile properties, irrespective of the printing orientation. The study highlights the enhanced tensile properties achieved with the rectangular shape. Specifically, the tensile strength of ASTM D3039-0° was 17.87% and 21% higher than that of the ISO 527 geometry shape for the flat and on-edge orientations, respectively. The numerical analysis indicated that the ISO 527-2 specimen had either no or minimal stress raisers, and the higher stresses observed in the narrow section were isolated from the gripping location. The findings contribute to understanding the relationship between standard geometry shapes, printing orientation, and the resulting tensile properties of 3D-printed polymer specimens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Polymer-Based Composites for Additive Manufacturing II)

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13 pages, 7549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Manufacture and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Filaments Recycled from Real Waste for 3D Printing

by Saltanat Bergaliyeva, David L. Sales, Francisco J. Delgado, Saltanat Bolegenova and Sergio I. Molina

Polymers 2023, 15(9), 2165; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092165 - 1 May 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4584

Abstract

This paper studies the thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) blends of virgin and recycled material in the following proportions: 100/0, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25, respectively. Real waste, used as recycled content, was shredded and sorted by size without a washing step. Regular dog-bone specimens were 3D printed from filaments, manufactured in a single screw extruder. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that adding PLA debris to raw material did not significantly impact the thermal stability of the 3D-printed samples and showed that virgin and recycled PLA degraded at almost the same temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a significant reduction in crystallinity with increasing recycled content. Scanning electron microscopy showed a more homogenous structure for specimens from 100% pure PLA, as well as a more heterogeneous one for PLA blends. The tensile strength of the PLA blends increased by adding more recycled material, from 44.20 ± 2.18 MPa for primary PLA to 52.61 ± 2.28 MPa for the blend with the highest secondary PLA content. However, this study suggests that the mechanical properties of the reprocessed parts and their basic association are unique compared with those made up of virgin material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymers and Polymer-Based Composites for Additive Manufacturing II)

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