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Polymers
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Advanced Study on Polyurethane
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Advanced Study on Polyurethane

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Analysis and Characterization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 December 2024 | Viewed by 10010

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jun Xiang

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Guest Editor
College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China
Interests: polyurethane; biobased materials; green manufacturing; functional materials
Prof. Dr. Wei He

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Guest Editor
College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210037, China
Interests: polyurethane; biopolyol; green manufacturing; vegetable oil
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polyurethane (PU) is a polymer material of immense importance and versatility that finds wide-ranging applications in the domains of construction, industry, and consumer goods. In addition to the conventional forms of PU materials such as foams, elastomers, adhesives, fibers, varnishes, and coatings, PU can also generate a plethora of other materials with distinct properties and applications. However, the production and utilization of PU materials engenders a host of environmental concerns such as waste emissions and resource wastage. The emergence of sustainable development and circular economies has put the focus firmly on the sustainability and environmental impact of PU materials, thus leading to the demand for alternatives to traditional PU materials. Therefore, it is imperative to attain mastery over the latest research advancements and trends in PU materials. To this end, we invite researchers to submit research articles or review articles to this Special Issue. Topics of interest include but are not limited to the design and synthesis of renewable raw materials for PU, ecologically sustainable techniques for PU production, novel methods for PU characterization, and innovative applications of PU.

Dr. Jun Xiang
Prof. Dr. Wei He
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polyurethane
  • sustainability
  • ecological techniques
  • renewable raw materials
  • circular economy
  • innovative applications

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3957 KiB  
Article
Polyurethane-Encapsulated Biomass Films Based on MXene@Loofah Sponge for Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Applications
by Qihan Jia, Shuai Liu and Haibo Wang
Polymers 2024, 16(10), 1377; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16101377 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Multifunctional wearable electronic sensors exhibit significant potential for applications in health management, motion tracking, intelligent healthcare, etc. In this study, we developed a novel assembly method for a polymeric silver nanowire (Ag NW)/transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) @Loofah device using a facile solution dip-coating [...] Read more.
Multifunctional wearable electronic sensors exhibit significant potential for applications in health management, motion tracking, intelligent healthcare, etc. In this study, we developed a novel assembly method for a polymeric silver nanowire (Ag NW)/transition metal carbide/nitride (MXene) @Loofah device using a facile solution dip-coating technique. During the pretreatment phase, the loofah was conditioned with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDAC), promoting the self-assembly of MXene layers and bolstering device stability. Then, the Ag NWs/MXene@Loofah was packaged with polyurethane to form a piezoresistive pressure sensor, which demonstrated superior pressure-sensing capabilities and was adept at registering movements of human joints and even subtle pulses. The design strategy presents a novel and rational approach to developing efficient pressure sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Study on Polyurethane)
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15 pages, 5061 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes from Mixed Cyclic-Carbonated Compounds: Soybean Oil and CO2-Based Poly(ether carbonate)
by Ga Ram Lee, Eun Jong Lee, Hye Sun Shin, Joonwoo Kim, Il Kim and Sung Chul Hong
Polymers 2024, 16(8), 1171; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081171 - 21 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1719
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) derived from the copolymerization of cyclic-carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) and cyclic carbonate (CC)-terminated poly(ether carbonate) (RCC). Using a double-metal cyanide catalyst, poly(ether carbonate) polyol was first synthesized through the copolymerization of carbon [...] Read more.
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) derived from the copolymerization of cyclic-carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) and cyclic carbonate (CC)-terminated poly(ether carbonate) (RCC). Using a double-metal cyanide catalyst, poly(ether carbonate) polyol was first synthesized through the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. The terminal hydroxyl group was then subjected to a substitution reaction with a five-membered CC group using glycerol-1,2-carbonate and oxalyl chloride, yielding RCC. Attempts to prepare NIPU solely using RCC and diamine were unsuccessful, possibly due to the low CC functionality and the aminolysis of RCC’s linear carbonate repeating units. However, when combined with CSBO, solid NIPUs were successfully obtained, exhibiting good thermal stability along with enhanced mechanical properties compared to conventional CSBO-based NIPU formulations. Overall, this study underscores the potential of leveraging renewable resources and carbon capture technologies to develop sustainable NIPUs with tailored properties, thereby expanding their range of applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Study on Polyurethane)
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13 pages, 6071 KiB  
Article
Multi-Layer Polyurethane-Fiber-Prepared Entangled Strain Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity and Working Range for Human Motion Detection
by Weibing Zhong, Daiqing Wang, Yiming Ke, Xiaojuan Ming, Haiqing Jiang, Jiale Li, Mufang Li, Qianqian Chen and Dong Wang
Polymers 2024, 16(8), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081023 - 9 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1454
Abstract
The entanglement of fibers can form physical and topological structures, with the resulting bending and stretching strains causing localized changes in pressure. In this study, a multi-layer polyurethane-fiber-prepared (MPF) sensor was developed by coating the CNT/PU sensing layer on the outside of an [...] Read more.
The entanglement of fibers can form physical and topological structures, with the resulting bending and stretching strains causing localized changes in pressure. In this study, a multi-layer polyurethane-fiber-prepared (MPF) sensor was developed by coating the CNT/PU sensing layer on the outside of an elastic electrode through a wet-film method. The entangled topology of two MPFs was utilized to convert the stretching strain into localized pressure at the contact area, enabling the perception of stretching strain. The influence of coating mechanical properties and surface structure on strain sensing performance was investigated. A force regulator was introduced to regulate the mechanical properties of the entangled topology of MPF. By modifying the thickness and length proportion of the force regulator, the sensitivity factor and sensitivity range of the sensor could be controlled, achieving a high sensitivity factor of up to 127.74 and a sensitivity range of up to 58%. Eight sensors were integrated into a sensor array and integrated into a dance costume, successfully monitoring the multi-axis motion of the dancer’s lumbar spine. This provides a new approach for wearable biomechanical sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Study on Polyurethane)
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14 pages, 4176 KiB  
Article
Visible Light-Driven SnIn4S8 Photocatalyst Decorated on Polyurethane-Impregnated Microfiber Non-Woven Fabric for Pollutant Degradation
by Zhonghui Wang, Qiang Gao, Haihang Luo, Jianming Zhao, Haojun Fan, Yi Chen and Jun Xiang
Polymers 2024, 16(3), 369; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16030369 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1146
Abstract
In recent years, polyurethane has drawn great attention because of its many advantages in physical and chemical performance. In this work, firstly, polyurethane was impregnated in a non-woven fabric (NWF). Then, polyurethane-impregnated NWF was coagulated utilizing a wet phase inversion. Finally, after alkali [...] Read more.
In recent years, polyurethane has drawn great attention because of its many advantages in physical and chemical performance. In this work, firstly, polyurethane was impregnated in a non-woven fabric (NWF). Then, polyurethane-impregnated NWF was coagulated utilizing a wet phase inversion. Finally, after alkali treatment, microfiber non-woven fabrics with a porous polyurethane matrix (PNWF) were fabricated and used as substrates. SnIn4S8 (SIS) prepared by a microwave-assisted method was used as a photocatalyst and a novel SIS/PNWF substrate with multiple uses and highly efficient catalytic degradation ability under visible light was successfully fabricated. The surface morphology, chemical and crystal structures, optical performance, and wettability of SIS/PNWF substrates were observed. Subsequently, the photocatalytic performance of SIS/PNWF substrates was investigated by the decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. Compared with SIS/PNWF-2% (2%, the weight ratio of SIS and PNWF, same below), SIS/PNWF-5% as well as SIS/PNWF-15%, SIS/PNWF-10% substrates exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency of 97% in 2 h. This may be due to the superior photocatalytic performance of SIS and the inherent hierarchical porous structure of PNWF substrates. Additionally, the hydrophobicity of SIS/PNWF substrates can enable them to float on the solution and further be applied on an open-water surface. Furthermore, tensile strength and recycle experiments demonstrated that SIS/PNWF substrates possessed superior mechanical strength and excellent recycle stability. This work provides a facile and efficient pathway to prepare SIS/PNWF substrates for the degradation of organic pollutants with enhanced catalytic efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Study on Polyurethane)
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12 pages, 5218 KiB  
Article
Mechanically Tough and Highly Stretchable Hydrogels Based on Polyurethane for Sensitive Strain Sensor
by Jianyang Shi, Shuang Wang, Haibo Wang and Jun Gu
Polymers 2023, 15(19), 3902; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15193902 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1332
Abstract
Hydrogels with flexible and stretchable properties are ideal for applications in wearable sensors. However, traditional hydrogel-based sensors suffer from high brittleness and low electrical sensitivity. In this case, to solve this dilemma, a macromolecular polyurethane crosslinking agent (PCA) was designed and prepared; after [...] Read more.
Hydrogels with flexible and stretchable properties are ideal for applications in wearable sensors. However, traditional hydrogel-based sensors suffer from high brittleness and low electrical sensitivity. In this case, to solve this dilemma, a macromolecular polyurethane crosslinking agent (PCA) was designed and prepared; after that, PCA and two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets were both introduced into a covalently crosslinked network to enhance the comprehensive mechanical and electrochemical properties of the hydrogels. The macromolecular polyurethane crosslinking agent promotes high-tensile strength and highly stretchable capacity by suitable covalent crosslinking. The optimized hydrogel, which exhibited maximum tensile strength and maximum elongation at break, had results of 1.21 MPa and 644%, respectively. Two-dimensional MXene nanosheets provide hydrogel with high electrical conductivity and strain sensitivity, producing a wearable device for the continuous monitoring of human movements and facial microexpressions. This study demonstrated an efficient structure design strategy for building mechanically tough, highly stretchable, and sensitive dual-mode MXenes-based wearable sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Study on Polyurethane)
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16 pages, 2680 KiB  
Article
Behavior Characteristics and Thermal Energy Absorption Mechanism of Physical Blowing Agents in Polyurethane Foaming Process
by Haozhen Wang, Yingshu Liu and Lin Lin
Polymers 2023, 15(10), 2285; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15102285 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2156
Abstract
Polyurethane rigid foam is a widely used insulation material, and the behavior characteristics and heat absorption performance of the blowing agent used in the foaming process are key factors that affect the molding performance of this material. In this work, the behavior characteristics [...] Read more.
Polyurethane rigid foam is a widely used insulation material, and the behavior characteristics and heat absorption performance of the blowing agent used in the foaming process are key factors that affect the molding performance of this material. In this work, the behavior characteristics and heat absorption of the polyurethane physical blowing agent in the foaming process were studied; this is something which has not been comprehensively studied before. This study investigated the behavior characteristics of polyurethane physical blowing agents in the same formulation system, including the efficiency, dissolution, and loss rates of the physical blowing agents during the polyurethane foaming process. The research findings indicate that both the physical blowing agent mass efficiency rate and mass dissolution rate are influenced by the vaporization and condensation process of physical blowing agent. For the same type of physical blowing agent, the amount of heat absorbed per unit mass decreases gradually as the quantity of physical blowing agent increases. The relationship between the two shows a pattern of initial rapid decrease followed by a slower decrease. Under the same physical blowing agent content, the higher the heat absorbed per unit mass of physical blowing agent, the lower the internal temperature of the foam when the foam stops expanding. The heat absorbed per unit mass of the physical blowing agents is a key factor affecting the internal temperature of the foam when it stops expanding. From the perspective of heat control of the polyurethane reaction system, the effects of physical blowing agents on the foam quality were ranked in order from good to poor as follows: HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, HFCO-1233zd(E), HFO-1336mzzZ, and HCFC-141b. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Study on Polyurethane)
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