Advanced Technologies and Process Optimizations of Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2025 | Viewed by 2370

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Guest Editor
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
Interests: wastewater treatment and recycling; sustainable technologies; green technologies; coagulation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water resources have always determined human civilization and development. The prosperity, decline, and migration of many civilizations are all because of water. Therefore, protecting the water resources means protecting the continuation and development of our human civilization.

For the development of new water treatment technologies in the future, we should focus on green, low-carbon treatment technologies, including water resource recycling and recycling of pollution matter as a reusable resource. We should not produce new or toxicological substances in the process of water treatment, such as in the coagulation process or some processes using fixed nanoparticles or recyclable nanoparticles. Moreover, these technologies can be applied rapidly to the actual treatment plants to bring real benefits to people.

For the natural environment, we should try to form a closed-loop state of material in the processes of human production, consumption, reproduction, and re-consumption. In this process, the total material and energy discharged over a long period should always be within the range that the natural environment can accept, so that human beings can truly form a harmonious and unified integration with nature.

Dr. Qunshan Wei
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • low carbon
  • green technology
  • recycling
  • reusable
  • applicable
  • actual water treatment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2735 KiB  
Article
Characterization and Comparison of Anammox Immobilization in Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polyethylene Glycol and Water-Borne Polyurethane
by Yi Yang, Hui Gong, Zhen Zhou and Xiaohu Dai
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1442; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071442 - 10 Jul 2024
Viewed by 992
Abstract
Anammox bacteria were embedded with different mass fractions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and water-based polyurethane (WPU) materials. The embedded immobilized pellets with different particle sizes of about 2.8–3.2 mm were prepared. The effects of the mass fraction of the embedding [...] Read more.
Anammox bacteria were embedded with different mass fractions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and water-based polyurethane (WPU) materials. The embedded immobilized pellets with different particle sizes of about 2.8–3.2 mm were prepared. The effects of the mass fraction of the embedding material (PVA 6–12%, PEG 6–9%, WPU 10%) and the concentration of activated carbon added in the embedding process (0–4%) on the pellet was investigated. The performance of pellet formation, sedimentation rate, mechanical strength, expansion coefficient, and elasticity were compared and analyzed under different immobilization conditions, and the parameters of each embedding step were optimized. Anammox immobilized pellets prepared with 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 2% sodium alginate (SA), and 2% powdered activated carbon were proposed. The effects of salinity on anammox were investigated through a batch test, and the optimal reaction conditions were selected to carry out the operation test. The functional groups of embedded and unembedded anammox sludge were detected using the infrared spectrum. A continuous flow sequencing batch reactor (SBR) demonstrated stable operation with immobilized anammox. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the immobilized anammox pellets appeared as irregular particles, with each micro-unit predominantly being spherical. Additionally, a minor presence of rod-shaped bacteria was also noted. After 30 days of stable operation of the reactor, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate reached 84.7%. Full article
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27 pages, 9101 KiB  
Article
Fiber Solidification Treatment of River and Lake Wastewater and Sediments: Deformation Characteristics and Microscopic Mechanism Research
by Aiwu Yang, Jian Xu, Yuhao Gu, Fengjun Li, Xiaoqiang Liu and Jinfang Hou
Processes 2024, 12(5), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12050876 - 26 Apr 2024
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Abstract
River and lake dredging projects inevitably produce significant quantities of wastewater and sediment. This accumulation results in dredged soil with high moisture content, characterized by low strength, rendering it unsustainable for use. To facilitate environmentally friendly utilization of wastewater and sediment, solidifying agents [...] Read more.
River and lake dredging projects inevitably produce significant quantities of wastewater and sediment. This accumulation results in dredged soil with high moisture content, characterized by low strength, rendering it unsustainable for use. To facilitate environmentally friendly utilization of wastewater and sediment, solidifying agents and basalt fibers are introduced to solidify the wastewater within the dredged sediment. This process transforms the wastewater, sediment, solidifying agents, and basalt fibers into a novel, strengthened material. This transformation allows for their application as stabilized soil for engineering endeavors. Indoor experiments and scanning electron microscope analyses were performed to examine the deformation characteristics of fiber-stabilized soil and analyze its micro-mechanisms. Research findings suggest that as the curing age increases, the curing agent’s reaction becomes more comprehensive. Fibers have the potential to ameliorate soil damage. The proposed binary-medium model’s applicability and accuracy were validated through the analysis of triaxial test results employing the reinforcement principle. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for the resourceful utilization of wastewater and sediment. Full article
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