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Advances in Renewable Energy Systems (2nd Edition)
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Advances in Renewable Energy Systems (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4515

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ferdinando Salata

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Guest Editor
Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energetics Engineering, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: building physics; thermodynamics; computational optimization; energy efficiency; human thermal comfort; urban microclimate; heat transmission; lighting systems; environmental acoustics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Virgilio Ciancio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Astronautics, Electrical and Energetics Engineering, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: buildings physics; energy efficiency; energy mapping; outdoor thermo-hygrometric comfort; environmental acoustics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The industrialized world faces a significant challenge in transitioning its energy production systems to renewable sources that are more environmentally friendly than traditional methods. Recently, this challenge has become twofold: developing new technologies that can break free from traditional energy sources responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and accelerating this energy transition to mitigate global warming and its impacts on the natural environment as swiftly as possible.

Global ecosystems have been strained by outdated energy production methods in an unsustainable effort to maintain constant growth based on the assumption of unlimited resources and an environment that can absorb any human-induced changes. The international scientific community must guide industrial systems toward energy generation processes that respect the planet, utilizing sources and production methods that are sustainable in the medium- to long-term and economically viable to justify the investments needed for the energy transition. Energy production must undergo profound changes, adopting systems that do not burden the planet's future climate. Achieving these results requires a complete overhaul of the energy production structure, with a focus on localized, zero-emission, environmentally respectful systems. Energy storage systems will be a crucial area where scientific research must develop new technical solutions and advanced materials to address the well-known issues of the intermittency of renewable sources.

This Special Issue "Advances in Renewable Energy Systems (2nd Edition)" aims to gather sophisticated contributions on these topics, highlighting the current state of the art. We invite experts from all research fields to share their ideas and experiences in a multidisciplinary manner. Additionally, this Special Issue seeks to foster debate on future scenarios related to climate change and its effects on renewable energy systems.

We hope you will consider contributing to this Special Issue.

Sincerely,

Prof. Dr. Ferdinando Salata
Dr. Virgilio Ciancio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • alternative energy sources
  • eco-compatible energy end uses
  • availability of renewable energy systems
  • economic impacts of renewable energy
  • climate change

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 922 KiB  
Article
Growth Optimizer Algorithm for Economic Load Dispatch Problem: Analysis and Evaluation
by Ahmed Ewis Shaban, Alaa A. K. Ismaeel, Ahmed Farhan, Mokhtar Said and Ali M. El-Rifaie
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2593; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112593 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 612
Abstract
The Growth Optimizer algorithm (GO) is a novel metaheuristic that draws inspiration from people’s learning and introspection processes as they progress through society. Economic Load Dispatch (ELD), one of the primary problems in the power system, is resolved by the GO. To assess [...] Read more.
The Growth Optimizer algorithm (GO) is a novel metaheuristic that draws inspiration from people’s learning and introspection processes as they progress through society. Economic Load Dispatch (ELD), one of the primary problems in the power system, is resolved by the GO. To assess GO’s dependability, its performance is contrasted with a number of methods. These techniques include the Rime-ice algorithm (RIME), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO), and Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA). Also, the GO algorithm has the competition of other literature techniques such as Monarch butterfly optimization (MBO), the Sine Cosine algorithm (SCA), the chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA), the moth search algorithm (MSA), and the snow ablation algorithm (SAO). Six units for the ELD problem at a 1000 MW load, ten units for the ELD problem at a 2000 MW load, and twenty units for the ELD problem at a 3000 MW load are the cases employed in this work. The standard deviation, minimum fitness function, and maximum mean values are measured for 30 different runs in order to evaluate all methods. Using the GO approach, the ideal power mismatch values of 3.82627263206814 × 10−12, 0.0000622209480241054, and 5.5893360695336 × 10−7 were found for six, ten, and twenty generator units, respectively. The GO’s dominance over all other algorithms is demonstrated by the results produced for the ELD scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Renewable Energy Systems (2nd Edition))
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22 pages, 4186 KiB  
Article
Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch and Demand Response in Electricity Market Using Multi-Objective Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm
by Punam Das, Subhojit Dawn, Sadhan Gope, Diptanu Das and Ferdinando Salata
Processes 2024, 12(9), 2049; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12092049 - 23 Sep 2024
Viewed by 756
Abstract
Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) is a power system optimization tool that modifies system control variables such as bus voltage and transformer tap settings, and it compensates devices’ Volt Ampere Reactive (VAR) output. It is used to decrease real power loss, enhance the [...] Read more.
Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) is a power system optimization tool that modifies system control variables such as bus voltage and transformer tap settings, and it compensates devices’ Volt Ampere Reactive (VAR) output. It is used to decrease real power loss, enhance the voltage profile, and promote stability. Furthermore, several issues have been faced in electricity markets, such as price volatility, transmission line congestion, and an increase in the cost of electricity during peak hours. Programs such as demand response (DR) provide system operators with more control over how small customers participate in lowering peak-hour energy prices and demand. This paper presents an extensive study on ORPD methodologies and DR programs for lowering voltage deviation, limiting cost, and minimizing power losses to create effective and economical operations systems. The main objectives of this work are to minimize costs and losses in the system and reduce voltage variation. The Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) have been implemented successfully to solve this problem. The proposed technique has been evaluated by using the IEEE-30 bus system. The results obtained by the implementation of demand response systems show a considerable reduction in costs and load demands that benefit consumers through DR considerations. The results obtained from the GOA and DA are compared with those generated by other researchers and published in the literature to ascertain the algorithm’s efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Renewable Energy Systems (2nd Edition))
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22 pages, 10313 KiB  
Article
Electricity Generation at Gas Distribution Stations from Gas Surplus Pressure Energy
by Serhii Vanieiev, Jana Mizakova, Dmytro Smolenko, Dmytro Miroshnychenko, Jan Pitel, Vadym Baha and Stanislav Meleychuk
Processes 2024, 12(9), 1985; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091985 - 14 Sep 2024
Viewed by 672
Abstract
At gas distribution stations (GDSs), the process of throttling (pressure reduction) of natural gas occurs on gas pressure regulators without generating useful energy. If the gas expansion process is created in a turbine, to the shaft where an electric generator is connected, then [...] Read more.
At gas distribution stations (GDSs), the process of throttling (pressure reduction) of natural gas occurs on gas pressure regulators without generating useful energy. If the gas expansion process is created in a turbine, to the shaft where an electric generator is connected, then electricity can be obtained. At the same time, the recycling of secondary energy resources is provided, which is an important component in the efficient use of natural resources. The obtained electric power can be supplied to the external power grid and/or used for the GDS’s own needs. The process of generating electricity at the GDS from gas overpressure energy is an environmentally friendly, energy-saving technology that ensures an uninterrupted, autonomous operation of the GDS in the absence of an external energy supply. The power needs of a GDS with regard to electricity are relatively small (5 ÷ 20 kW). Expansion in throttling devices or turbine flow paths leads to gas cooling with a possible hydrate formation. It is prevented via gas preheating or vortex expansion equipment that keeps the further gas temperature at a necessary level. Turbogenerators can be created on the basis of vortex expansion turbomachines, which have many advantages compared to turbomachines of other types. This article studies how gas pressure (outlet: gas distribution station) and gas preheating (inlet: vortex expansion machine) influence turbogenerator parameters. Nine turbogenerator variants for the power needs of gas distribution stations have been assessed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Renewable Energy Systems (2nd Edition))
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31 pages, 11743 KiB  
Article
Pressurized Regenerative Calcium Cycle for Utility-Scale Energy Storage: A Techno-Economic Assessment
by Behdad Moghtaderi, Priscilla Tremain and John Warner
Processes 2024, 12(8), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081778 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1244
Abstract
The University of Newcastle (UON) and Jord International Pty Ltd. (Jord) have jointly developed a novel concept for the storage of energy from renewable and fossil fuel sources. The process, referred to as the pressurized regenerative calcium cycle (PRC2), relies on [...] Read more.
The University of Newcastle (UON) and Jord International Pty Ltd. (Jord) have jointly developed a novel concept for the storage of energy from renewable and fossil fuel sources. The process, referred to as the pressurized regenerative calcium cycle (PRC2), relies on cyclic carbonation and calcination of CaO/CaCO3, in which low-cost electrical energy (i.e., off-peak, or excess generation from renewables) drives the calcination reaction and electricity is generated as required through the carbonation reaction. Initial proof-of-concept testing of the process was previously conducted within an existing fluid bed reactor at UON. The PRC2 concept was successfully demonstrated by maintaining the fluid bed reactor at a constant temperature by using the heat released during the reaction of calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Following proof-of-concept testing, further refinement of the PRC2 process, which is the subject of this paper, was conducted to address its shortcomings and, importantly, facilitate the detailed design, construction, and operation of a large-scale demonstration plant. Nine different configurations were examined for the PRC2 process, for each of which a combined experimental, process modelling, and techno-economic assessment was completed. Experimental investigations were conducted to determine the suitability of carbonate materials for the PRC2 process. Process modelling and levelized cost of storage (LCOS) calculations were concurrently conducted and revealed that the molten salt approach (Option 9) was the most promising, having superior round-trip efficiency and lowest LCOS. For practical reasons (e.g., technical difficulties of working with molten salts), Option 3 (indirect power generation using a fluid bed reactor) was deemed the most feasible option for a demonstration scale plant. The LCOS for Option 3 (assuming a 100 MWe capacity) was calculated to be AUD 245 per MWh, which is on par with the cost of batteries for peak power replacement applications (the cost associated with lithium-ion batteries is AUD 370 per MWh). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Renewable Energy Systems (2nd Edition))
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Review

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46 pages, 1524 KiB  
Review
Hydrogen in Burners: Economic and Environmental Implications
by Matheus Henrique Castanha Cavalcanti, Juliano Rodrigues Pappalardo, Luciano Tavares Barbosa, Pedro Pinto Ferreira Brasileiro, Bruno Augusto Cabral Roque, Nathália Maria Padilha da Rocha e Silva, Milena Fernandes da Silva, Attilio Converti, Celmy Maria Bezerra de Menezes Barbosa and Leonie Asfora Sarubbo
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2434; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112434 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 761
Abstract
For centuries, fossil fuels have been the primary energy source, but their unchecked use has led to significant environmental and economic challenges that now shape the global energy landscape. The combustion of these fuels releases greenhouse gases, which are critical contributors to the [...] Read more.
For centuries, fossil fuels have been the primary energy source, but their unchecked use has led to significant environmental and economic challenges that now shape the global energy landscape. The combustion of these fuels releases greenhouse gases, which are critical contributors to the acceleration of climate change, resulting in severe consequences for both the environment and human health. Therefore, this article examines the potential of hydrogen as a sustainable alternative energy source capable of mitigating these climate impacts. It explores the properties of hydrogen, with particular emphasis on its application in industrial burners and furnaces, underscoring its clean combustion and high energy density in comparison to fossil fuels, and also examines hydrogen production through thermochemical and electrochemical methods, covering green, gray, blue, and turquoise pathways. It discusses storage and transportation challenges, highlighting methods like compression, liquefaction, chemical carriers (e.g., ammonia), and transport via pipelines and vehicles. Hydrogen combustion mechanisms and optimized burner and furnace designs are explored, along with the environmental benefits of lower emissions, contrasted with economic concerns like production and infrastructure costs. Additionally, industrial and energy applications, safety concerns, and the challenges of large-scale adoption are addressed, presenting hydrogen as a promising yet complex alternative to fossil fuels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Renewable Energy Systems (2nd Edition))
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