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Processes
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Advances in Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess and Bioseparation
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Advances in Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess and Bioseparation

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2023) | Viewed by 11860

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maria Alice Zarur Coelho

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
Interests: bioseparation; enzymatic extraction; protein purification; green solvents; upstream process; downstream process; liquid-liquid bioextraction; fermentation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ailton Cesar Lemes

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
Interests: food technology; enzymes; proteins; byproducts; separation techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Filipe Smith Buarque

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, RJ, Brazil
Interests: green solvents; ionic liquids; deep eutectic solvents; separation; extraction; purification; downstream process; computational chemistry; bioactive compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biotechnology refers especially to the exploitation of biological processes that are applicable to various industrial sectors and involved in fields such as genetic engineering, protein engineering, metabolic engineering, biochemical engineering, and bioprocesses. These fields are necessary for the viable production and the bioseparation of bioproducts through downstream processes by different techniques. Bioseparation techniques are especially critical to the obtainment and industrial application of bioproducts, representing a major manufacturing cost. However, advances in bioseparation processes have led to the improvement of several established techniques. In addition, the emergence of new techniques, process integration, automation, greener practices, and other important trends makes it feasible to obtain and properly apply bioproducts of interest to various industrial sectors. In this sense, it is important to highlight the advances in bioprocesses and bioseparation, which contribute to the development of several industrial sectors and the resumption of economic growth in several countries. Contributions to this Special Issue should cover trends and advances in industrial biotechnology, including the area of bioprocesses and bioseparation. We welcome high-quality research articles, communications, and review articles emphasizing the broad scope of the topic.

Prof. Dr. Maria Alice Zarur Coelho
Dr. Ailton Cesar Lemes
Dr. Filipe Smith Buarque
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biotechnology
  • bioproducts
  • bioseparation
  • extraction
  • purification
  • downstream processes
  • bioproduction
  • biomolecules
  • bioactive compounds
  • and green process

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2121 KiB  
Article
Simple and Economical Downstream Process Development for Edible Oil Production from Oleaginous Yeast Lipomyces starkeyi
by Hiroya Taki, Kentaro Mine, Shinji Matsuo, Kazuo Kumagai and Hideto Matsuyama
Processes 2023, 11(5), 1458; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051458 - 11 May 2023
Viewed by 2162
Abstract
The production of palm oil, which is used in various foods, is associated with environmental destruction and climate change risks; therefore, there is an urgent need for sustainable alternatives. “Yeast oil” produced by Lipomyces starkeyi, an oil-producing yeast, is expected to solve [...] Read more.
The production of palm oil, which is used in various foods, is associated with environmental destruction and climate change risks; therefore, there is an urgent need for sustainable alternatives. “Yeast oil” produced by Lipomyces starkeyi, an oil-producing yeast, is expected to solve these problems because its fatty acid composition is similar to that of palm oil. To date, we have successfully developed yeast oil as an edible alternative to palm oil. However, conventional processes, including cell collection and lyophilization, are difficult to industrialize in terms of equipment and cost. Therefore, a method for extracting yeast oil from the emulsified liquid generated by crushing the culture was investigated. It is presumed that the emulsified state is stable owing to the components derived from yeast cells and metabolites; thus, solid–liquid filtration separation was attempted before extraction. The extraction recovery ratio of yeast oil was 98.2% when a hexane/ethanol mixture (3:1) was added to the residue after filtration. Furthermore, the energy consumption and processing cost of this new process were estimated to be 26% and 34%, respectively, of that of conventional methods, suggesting that the new process has potential for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess and Bioseparation)
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13 pages, 2437 KiB  
Article
Control Mechanism of Microbial Degradation on the Physical Properties of a Coal Reservoir
by Daping Xia, Pengtao Gu, Zhenhong Chen, Linyong Chen, Guoqin Wei, Zhenzhi Wang, Song Cheng and Yawei Zhang
Processes 2023, 11(5), 1347; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051347 - 27 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1193
Abstract
This study addressed the effect of microbial methane production on the physical properties of a coal reservoir. Two kinds of coal samples before and after anaerobic degradation were tested by a low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption test and an isothermal adsorption and diffusion coefficient [...] Read more.
This study addressed the effect of microbial methane production on the physical properties of a coal reservoir. Two kinds of coal samples before and after anaerobic degradation were tested by a low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption test and an isothermal adsorption and diffusion coefficient test. The influence of the characteristics of microbial gas production on the coal physical properties was analyzed. Due to the differences in the physical properties of the coal samples, the effect of microbial production is different. Coal is a macromolecular organic compound, mainly aromatic and lignin derivatives, containing carbon and nitrogen sources that can be used by microorganisms. Microorganisms secrete extracellular enzymes to decompose covalent bonds and functional groups of macromolecules in coal and eventually produce methane, which will change the physical properties of coal. It was found that microbial anaerobic degradation could increase the content of coalbed methane, change the pore structure of coal, reduce the fractal dimension of the coal surface and smooth the coal surface. At the same time, microbial degradation has changed the physical properties of coal reservoirs to some extent, increased the diffusion of coal reservoirs and improved the pore connectivity of coal reservoirs, which provides more of a scientific basis for the development of coalbed methane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess and Bioseparation)
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16 pages, 2067 KiB  
Article
Two-Step Purification and Partial Characterization of Keratinolytic Proteases from Feather Meal Bioconversion by Bacillus sp. P45
by Ailton Cesar Lemes, Gabrielle Victoria Gautério, Cezar Augusto da Rosa, Adriano Brandelli and Susana Juliano Kalil
Processes 2023, 11(3), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030803 - 8 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1800
Abstract
This study aimed to purify and partially characterize a keratinolytic protease produced by Bacillus sp. P45 through bioconversion of feather meal. Crude protease extract was purified using a sequence of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) in large volume systems (10, 50, and 500 [...] Read more.
This study aimed to purify and partially characterize a keratinolytic protease produced by Bacillus sp. P45 through bioconversion of feather meal. Crude protease extract was purified using a sequence of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) in large volume systems (10, 50, and 500 g) to increase obtaining purified enzyme, followed by a diafiltration (DF) step. Purified protease was characterized in terms of protein profile analysis by SDS-PAGE, optimum temperature and pH, thermal deactivation kinetics at different temperatures and pH, and performance in the presence of several salts (NaCl, CaCl2, MnCl2, CaO, C8H5KO4, MgSO4, CuSO4, ZnSO4, and FeCl3) and organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, diethyl ether, and formaldehyde). ATPS with high capacities resulted in purer protease extract without compromising purity and yields, reaching a purification factor up to 2.6-fold and 6.7-fold in first and second ATPS, respectively, and 4.0-fold in the DF process. Recoveries were up to 79% in both ATPS and reached 84.3% after the DF step. The electrophoretic analysis demonstrated a 25–28 kDa band related to keratinolytic protease. The purified protease’s optimum temperature and pH were 55 °C and 7.5, respectively. The deactivation energy (Ed) value was 118.0 kJ/mol, while D (decimal reduction time) and z (temperature interval required to reduce the D value in one log cycle) values ranged from 6.7 to 237.3 min and from 13.6 to 18.8 °C, respectively. Salts such as CaCl2, CaO, C8H5KO4, and MgSO4 increased the protease activity, while all organic solvents caused its decrease. The results are useful for future studies about ATPS scale-up for enzyme purification and protease application in different industrial processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess and Bioseparation)
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12 pages, 4314 KiB  
Article
Mannitol-Based Media and Static pH Are Efficient Conditions for Red Pigment Production from Monascus purpureus ATCC 36928 in Submerged Culture
by Alan Gomes Lima, Luciana Arantes Dantas and Mariana Buranelo Egea
Processes 2023, 11(2), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020633 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2352
Abstract
Fungi of the Monascus species are used in Asia for the production of fermented foods, mainly due to the ability of these fungi to produce secondary metabolites such as pigments. Due to the growing discussion about the use of synthetic dyes and the [...] Read more.
Fungi of the Monascus species are used in Asia for the production of fermented foods, mainly due to the ability of these fungi to produce secondary metabolites such as pigments. Due to the growing discussion about the use of synthetic dyes and the fact that their ingestion is associated with harm to human health, studies have sought to replace these dyes using natural pigments, and new alternatives for the production of these natural pigments have been presented. In this context, Monascus pigments are a viable alternative for application in the food industry. This study aimed to evaluate different main carbon sources and pH conditions in the red pigment production of Monascus sp. We found that mannitol, when used as the only carbon source, stimulated the production of extracellular red pigment, reaching a concentration of 8.36 AU in 48 h, while glucose and sucrose reached concentrations of 1.08 and 1.34 AU, respectively. Cultivation in a bioreactor using mannitol showed great potential for optimizing pigment production and obtaining a high concentration of extracellular pigment in a short time, reaching a concentration of 25 AU in 60 h of cultivation. The change in pH altered the production of extracellular red pigment in a culture medium containing mannitol as a carbon source, demonstrating less potential than the use of static pH during cultivation in a bioreactor. Mannitol proved to be an efficient carbon source for M. pupureus under static pH conditions for both flask and benchtop bioreactor cultivation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess and Bioseparation)
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11 pages, 1269 KiB  
Article
Determination of 7 Kinds of Alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and Its Products by HPLC
by Feifei Zhong, Li Ouyang, Nan Deng, Fangping Yin, Jiajie He, Deqing Lei, Jieying Gao, Hui Zeng, Zhaoxia Wang, Lu Wang, Lixia Yang and Hui Zhou
Processes 2022, 10(12), 2678; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122678 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1748
Abstract
Objective: To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of seven alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and its products, the extraction technology and HPLC method were optimized by the single factor experiment. Methods: Firstly, the samples were extracted ultrasonically with 1% formic acid ethanol [...] Read more.
Objective: To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of seven alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and its products, the extraction technology and HPLC method were optimized by the single factor experiment. Methods: Firstly, the samples were extracted ultrasonically with 1% formic acid ethanol and purified by PXC SPE column. Then, the extracts and the purified liquid were taken after concentration with nitrogen for quantitative analysis of seven alkaloids by HPLC method. Next, the contents of alkaloids in five samples were determined. Results: The method was fully validated and the result showed that seven kinds of alkaloids had good linear relation in the corresponding range of mass concentration, r2 > 0.999, where the detection limit was 0.5–1.5 mg/kg, the quantification limit was 1.25–4.5 mg/kg, the recovery was 83.33–116.04%, and the RSD of detection method was 1.06–5.25% (n = 7). In five samples, the contents of Lotusine and Neferine were the highest, Berberine Hydrochloride was not detected. Conclusion: This method is simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and it can realize the quantitative analysis and chemical separation of seven kinds of common alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis and its products and provide a theoretical method for the simultaneous determination of alkaloids. The extraction yields of alkaloids in Semen Nelumbinis can be increased through the extraction process, which is optimized by a single factor experiment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess and Bioseparation)
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15 pages, 264 KiB  
Article
High-Throughput Sequencing as a Tool for the Quality Control of Microbial Bioformulations for Agriculture
by Mikhail Y. Syromyatnikov, Ekaterina Y. Nesterova, Maria I. Gladkikh, Anna A. Tolkacheva, Olga V. Bondareva, Vladimir M. Syrov, Nina A. Pryakhina and Vasily N. Popov
Processes 2022, 10(11), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10112243 - 1 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1650
Abstract
Microbial bioformulations, due to their positive impact on the growth and development of plants, as well as the absence of harmful effects on the environment and humans, have a vast potential for mass introduction into agriculture. Assessing the quality of bioformulations, especially complex [...] Read more.
Microbial bioformulations, due to their positive impact on the growth and development of plants, as well as the absence of harmful effects on the environment and humans, have a vast potential for mass introduction into agriculture. Assessing the quality of bioformulations, especially complex ones, is a difficult task. In this study, we show that high-throughput sequencing can be an effective tool for the quality control and safety of microbial bioformulations. By the method of high-throughput sequencing on the MiSeq platform, we studied 20 samples of commercially available microbial bioformulations. In parallel with this, bioformulations were studied by classical microbiological methods. The analysis showed the presence of extraneous undeclared bacterial genera by the manufacturer. Only 10% of the bioformulations fully corresponded to the commercial composition, and another 10% of the bioformulations did not contain the bacteria declared by the manufacturer in their composition at all. The bacterial composition of 80% of the bioformulations partially corresponded to the composition indicated on the package. The most frequent microbial bioformulations contaminants were Enterococcus, Lactobacillaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia-Shigella and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium. Universal methods for the quality control of bioformulations are needed. The advantages of high-throughput sequencing for the evaluation of bioformulations are considered in this work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Industrial Biotechnology: Bioprocess and Bioseparation)
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