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Processes
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Heavy Oil Chemistry and Processing Technology
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Heavy Oil Chemistry and Processing Technology

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 November 2022) | Viewed by 8331

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Aijun Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: heavy oil chemistry; innovation of upgrading and processing technologies for heavy oil; heavy oil-related hydrogen technology; carbon materials from heavy oil
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heavy oil is a crucial extension and substitute of conventional crude oil, which has been a significant source for both convenient energy and more valuable chemicals with relatively low or even zero carbon dioxide emissions. Papers regarding exploration into molecular characteristics and alterations of heavy oils, and their upgrading and efficient conversion into light oils, olefins, aromatics, and carbonaceous materials are greatly encouraged. Innovative research studies concerning the physical and chemical change of heavy oil, leading to enhanced recovery and flow assurance, are also much appreciated. Other substantial contributions to heavy oil science and utilization are equally welcome. It is noteworthy that the concept of “heavy oil” in this Special Issue refers mainly to heavy petroleum, as well as to the bottoms and heavy fractions from petroleum. Man-made petroleum, such as coal tar and shale oil through pyrolysis, is also covered.

Prof. Dr. Aijun Guo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • heavy oil chemistry
  • innovation of upgrading and processing technologies for heavy oil
  • heavy oil-related hydrogen technology
  • carbon materials from heavy oil
  • asphaltene
  • thermal cracking
  • coking
  • hydrogen transfer
  • heteroatom removal

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3423 KiB  
Article
Methanol-Enhanced Fe(III) Oleate-Catalyzed Aquathermolysis of Heavy Oil
by Rui Guo, Wei Fu, Le Qu, Yongfei Li, Weihua Yuan and Gang Chen
Processes 2022, 10(10), 1956; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101956 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2103
Abstract
Fe(III) oleate (Fe(III)L) has been used in heavy oil aquathermolysis as catalysts, but the effect of the hydrogen donor on this reaction has not been considered. In this paper, we introduce methanol as the hydrogen donor in the Fe(III)L-catalyzed aquathermolysis to investigate the [...] Read more.
Fe(III) oleate (Fe(III)L) has been used in heavy oil aquathermolysis as catalysts, but the effect of the hydrogen donor on this reaction has not been considered. In this paper, we introduce methanol as the hydrogen donor in the Fe(III)L-catalyzed aquathermolysis to investigate the promotion effect of methanol on the aquathermolysis. The results show that the addition of methanol can increase the viscosity reduction rate of aquathermolysis from 81.81% to 91.23%. The heavy oil samples before and after aquathermolysis were characterized by thermogravimetric (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis (EA), and carbon number distribution to investigate the changes in physical and chemical properties and explore the mechanism of methanol as a hydrogen promoter. There was a significant decrease in asphaltene and resin in the oil sample subjected to the reaction after the addition of methanol; the wax precipitation point decreased from 38 °C to 31 °C; the S element content decreased by 1% and the C element content increased by 4%; the content of light saturated HC (less than C10) increased and the content of saturated HC with more than C10 decreased. It shows that the addition of methanol, which provides a large amount of active hydrogen, promotes the breakage of long-chain alkanes in heavy oil, the light component content increase, promotes the breakage of C–C and C–S bonds during the reaction, making the content of heteroatoms decrease, increases the viscosity reduction rate, and improves the fluidity of oil samples. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the mechanism of methanol in aquathermolysis and facilitate the exploration and exploitation of heavy oil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Oil Chemistry and Processing Technology)
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11 pages, 983 KiB  
Article
The Visbreaking of Heavy Oil in Supercritical Cyclohexane: The Effect of H-Donation
by Lei Ding, Lin Wang, Jingyi Yang, Peiqing Yuan and Zibin Huang
Processes 2022, 10(5), 914; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050914 - 5 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1727
Abstract
The performance of heavy oil visbreaking in supercritical cyclohexane (SCC6H12) was evaluated, followed by a comparison with its reaction in supercritical benzene (SCC6H6). The dealkylation-based viscosity reduction in the SCC [...] Read more.
The performance of heavy oil visbreaking in supercritical cyclohexane (SCC6H12) was evaluated, followed by a comparison with its reaction in supercritical benzene (SCC6H6). The dealkylation-based viscosity reduction in the SCC6H12 was accelerated by improving the diffusivity, through which a product viscosity (80 °C) as low as 0.5 Pa.s was readily obtained by visbreaking at 380 °C for 5 min. A competition between dealkylation and condensation took place throughout the visbreaking process. As the reaction proceeded or the temperature increased, condensation played an increasingly dominant role in the visbreaking. Unlike the inert SCC6H6, the SCC6H12 participated in the visbreaking by saturating the alkyl carbon radicals essential for dealkylation and the aromatic carbon radicals essential for condensation. The viscosity reduction efficiency of the visbreaking in the SCC6H12 was initially suppressed by the H-donation of the solvent, but recovered rapidly due to the improved diffusion environment. Benefiting from the saturation of the aromatic carbon radicals, the asphaltene content of the product obtained in the SCC6H12 was lower than the corresponding value of the product obtained in the SCC6H6. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Oil Chemistry and Processing Technology)
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11 pages, 1650 KiB  
Article
Aging Characteristics of Plant Hot-Mix Recycled Asphalt and Its Induced Aging on New Asphalt
by Huiqiang Chen, Ge Tang and Xiong Wang
Processes 2022, 10(5), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050908 - 5 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1607
Abstract
In order to explore the aging process and mechanism of new and old asphalt in plant hot-mix recycled asphalt mixture during the mixing and use process, the liquid viscosity test and low-temperature bending creep test are carried out to test the dynamic viscosity, [...] Read more.
In order to explore the aging process and mechanism of new and old asphalt in plant hot-mix recycled asphalt mixture during the mixing and use process, the liquid viscosity test and low-temperature bending creep test are carried out to test the dynamic viscosity, stiffness modulus, creep rate, and low-temperature flexibility of the matrix asphalt, recycled asphalt, and old and new asphalt after rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT) aging and pressurized aging vessel (PAV) aging. The macroscopic performance attenuation law of new and old asphalt during the aging process in thermal regeneration is compared and analyzed. After that, the aging process and mechanism of new and old asphalt are explored by infrared spectroscopy and differential calorimetric analysis scanning. The results show that RTFOT aging and PAV aging make the viscosity of recycled asphalt rise significantly and the low temperature performance decline rapidly. After RTFOT aging and PAV aging of new and old asphalt, the dynamic viscosity and low-temperature performance change range is much higher than that of the matrix asphalt. Some technical indicators are even closer to the recycled asphalt after aging, which proves that its aging speed is faster than that of the matrix asphalt. Meanwhile, the results of infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analysis show that in addition to the independent aging of new asphalt and recycled asphalt, there is also a chemical effect between them–that is, some active groups in recycled asphalt have a more obvious promotion effect on the aging process of new asphalt, here called “induced aging”. This induced aging changes the aging mechanism of the matrix asphalt by changing the aging process of it, which greatly limits the popularization and application of thermal regeneration technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Oil Chemistry and Processing Technology)
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8 pages, 1612 KiB  
Article
Solubility and Activation of Hydrogen in the Non-Catalytic Upgrading of Venezuela Orinoco, China Liaohe, and China Fengcheng Atmospheric Residues
by Shunfeng Ji and Anran Zeng
Processes 2021, 9(12), 2274; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122274 - 17 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2097
Abstract
The solubility of hydrogen in the Venezuela Orinoco, China Liaohe, and China Fengcheng atmospheric residues under reaction conditions of 400 °C, 4 MPa for 20 min was analyzed by determining the composition and structure changes of the products. Activation of hydrogen during the [...] Read more.
The solubility of hydrogen in the Venezuela Orinoco, China Liaohe, and China Fengcheng atmospheric residues under reaction conditions of 400 °C, 4 MPa for 20 min was analyzed by determining the composition and structure changes of the products. Activation of hydrogen during the upgrading process was also determined and discussed by the probe method. The results show that lighter components produced in the reaction can increase the hydrogen solubility as the reaction proceeds, and the lighter components present at the liquid level have positive effects on the transfer of hydrogen from the gas phase to the liquid phase. Naphthenic aromatic structures, sulphur and metals have a positive effect on hydrogen activation in the trend of naphthenic aromatic structures > sulphur > metals. Moreover, when sulphur is present, nickel tetraphenylporphyrin has a better effect on hydrogen activation than Vanadium tetraphenylporphyrin. During upgrading, the Venezuela Orinoco atmospheric residue with more sulphur, metals and naphthenic aromatic structures can activate more hydrogen. Both the hydrogen solubility and residue composition have significant effect on the upgrading process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Oil Chemistry and Processing Technology)
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