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Multiscale and Multitemporal High Resolution Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Heritage: From Research to Preservation

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2025 | Viewed by 9121

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giovanni Leucci

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Guest Editor
Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, Institute of Cultural Heritage Sciences and Sites (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: applied geophysics; ground-penetrating radar; electrical resistivity tomography; seismic tomography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Salvatore Piro

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Guest Editor
Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, Institute of Heritage Science, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, National Research Council, C.da S. Loja, 85050 Tito Scalo, PZ, Italy
Interests: applied geophysics; earth sciences; archaeogeophysics; ground penetrating radar; electrical resistivity tomography; gradiometer; integrated geophysical methods; archaeological prospections; landscape geophysics; inverse problems; remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicola Masini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNR-IBAM, 85050 Baragiano Scalo, Italy
Interests: heritage science; remote sensing in archaeology; architectural conservation; archaeological science; humanities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sebastiano D’Amico

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Guest Editor
Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta
Interests: applied geophysics; forensic geosciences; scientific methods applied to cultural heritage; geomatics and remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is based on the 2022 International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Special Session 13 | MetroArchaeo 2022 (metroarcheo.com).

The availability of high-resolution remote sensing and non-destructive testing techniques provides multiscale and multitemporal approaches in the study of ancient settlements and landscapes, the reconstruction of their development over centuries, and their preservation.

Research in both landscape archaeology and diagnosis conservation requires the integration of different techniques of high-resolution remote sensing: satellites (optical and radar data), aerial data (photos, IR and Lidar data) from airplanes and UAVs, ground (integration of different geophysical techniques, field walking, DGPS topographical surveys), and non-destructive testing. The Issue will introduce new field surveys, new approaches, and new integrations and analyses of geo-archaeological data for the study of the archaeological sites to enhance the knowledge of the investigated area related to historical reconstruction, production of tools for preventive archaeology, and preservation of archaeological and monumental heritage; for which, non-invasive diagnosis through micro-geophysics is very useful.

Topics:

  • Satellite remote sensing for archaeology using optical and radar data: new perspectives, semiautomatic and automatic approaches for extracting cultural information, the study of the interconnection between environmental changes and dynamics of human frequentation;
  • Aerial archaeology: from historical and traditional air photos to IR and Lidar data;
  • Integration of ground remote sensing techniques (geophysical prospecting) and field walking and DGPS topographical surveys for the study of ancient settlements and landscapes;
  • Integration of non-invasive methods for preservation and protection of monumental heritage (micro-geophysics);
  • Integrated geophysical methods in archaeological sites;
  • Ancient extreme events in the geo-archaeological record, such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis;
  • Climatic and anthropogenic causes of ancient environmental and vegetational changes;
  • Managing hillslope instability and soil erosion problems in the past;
  • Application and integration of non-invasive EM methods (e.g., GPR, HSR, IR Thermography, etc.) in NDT for in situ analysis of ancient buildings.

Dr. Giovanni Leucci
Dr. Salvatore Piro
Dr. Nicola Masini
Dr. Sebastiano D’Amico
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 8675 KiB  
Article
Multiscale and Multitemporal Remote Sensing for Neolithic Settlement Detection and Protection—The Case of Gorjani, Croatia
by Rajna Šošić Klindžić, Bartul Šiljeg and Hrvoje Kalafatić
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(5), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16050736 - 20 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
The decade of research concentrating on the area of Eastern Slavonia revealed an abundance of large and complex Middle and Late Neolithic sites. It changed profoundly how we perceive Middle and Late Neolithic settlements, including space, size and organization. The vast majority of [...] Read more.
The decade of research concentrating on the area of Eastern Slavonia revealed an abundance of large and complex Middle and Late Neolithic sites. It changed profoundly how we perceive Middle and Late Neolithic settlements, including space, size and organization. The vast majority of these sites were detected through aerial reconnaissance and satellite image analysis. The observation of the sites was followed by intensive field surveys, which confirmed their attribution to the Middle and Late Neolithic period by surface finds. On those confirmed sites in the vicinity of Đakovo, Croatia, a magnetic survey was conducted on five sites, and the results confirmed the presence of large-scale Middle and Late Neolithic settlements with complex spatial organization and enclosure(s). The most complex remains so far are the sites Gorjani, Kremenjača and Topole, which we present in this paper, where one or two settlements remain covering an area of 70 hectares which is currently in the process of formal protection as a cultural landscape by the Ministry of Culture and Media of the Republic of Croatia. The special focus of this paper is the application of remote sensing in the detection, archaeological confirmation and protection of the site of Gorjani Topole. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale and Multitemporal High Resolution Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Heritage: From Research to Preservation)
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11 pages, 7868 KiB  
Communication
Non-Destructive Diagnosis on the Masaccio Frescoes at the Brancacci Chapel, Church of Santa Maria del Carmine (Florence)
by Giovanni Leucci, Lara De Giorgi, Ivan Ferrari, Francesco Giuri, Lucrezia Longhitano, Alberto Felici and Cristiano Riminesi
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(4), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041146 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1516
Abstract
The Basilica of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, in the Oltrarno area, was built in 1268 (pre-Renaissance low medieval context) and consecrated in 1422. Following a devastating fire in the interior of the original church, in 1771, very little remained. Among the [...] Read more.
The Basilica of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, in the Oltrarno area, was built in 1268 (pre-Renaissance low medieval context) and consecrated in 1422. Following a devastating fire in the interior of the original church, in 1771, very little remained. Among the parts that were saved were the Corsini and Brancacci chapels. The architect Giuseppe Ruggeri was responsible for the reconstruction of the church, which was completed in 1782 (with the exception of the gabled façade which remained unfinished, as can still be seen today). Geophysical investigations were undertaken into the Brancacci chapel in order to have information on the structure of the wall that contains wall paintings by Masaccio, Masolino, and Filippino Lippi, to understand the stratigraphy of the mortars, and to formulate some hypotheses on the causes of their detachment. The results are interesting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale and Multitemporal High Resolution Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Heritage: From Research to Preservation)
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11 pages, 8305 KiB  
Communication
Integrated GPR and ERT Surveys for the Investigation of the External Sectors of the Castle of Melfi (Potenza, Italy)
by Giovanni Leucci, Ilaria Miccoli, Dora Francesca Barbolla, Lara De Giorgi, Ivan Ferrari, Francesco Giuri and Giuseppe Scardozzi
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(4), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041019 - 12 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1507
Abstract
The Castle of Melfi is placed on a hilltop overlooking the modern town and it includes many buildings that have been modified and expanded over time. Its Norman-era core was probably built between the end of the 11th and the start of the [...] Read more.
The Castle of Melfi is placed on a hilltop overlooking the modern town and it includes many buildings that have been modified and expanded over time. Its Norman-era core was probably built between the end of the 11th and the start of the 12th century on top of an earlier Byzantine castrum; it was enlarged during the reign of Frederick II and additional alterations were undertaken during the reigns of the Angevin and Aragonese. Integrated ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys were carried out inside two courtyards of the westernmost part of the castle, the Cortile degli Armigeri and the Cortile del Mortorio, and in an external eastern wall area in order to identify ancient buried structures through two different methods of investigation and to compare the results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale and Multitemporal High Resolution Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Heritage: From Research to Preservation)
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Other

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14 pages, 5712 KiB  
Technical Note
Remote, Rugged Field Scenarios for Archaeology and the Field Sciences: Object Avoidance and 3D Flight Planning with sUAS Photogrammetry
by Carla Klehm, Malcolm D. Williamson, Leland C. Bement and Brandi Bethke
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(8), 1418; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081418 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1386
Abstract
Advances built into recent sUASs (drones) offer a compelling possibility for field-based data collection in logistically challenging and GPS-denied environments. sUASs-based photogrammetry generates 3D models of features and landscapes, used extensively in archaeology as well as other field sciences. Until recently, navigation has [...] Read more.
Advances built into recent sUASs (drones) offer a compelling possibility for field-based data collection in logistically challenging and GPS-denied environments. sUASs-based photogrammetry generates 3D models of features and landscapes, used extensively in archaeology as well as other field sciences. Until recently, navigation has been limited by the expertise of the pilot, as objects, like trees, and vertical or complex environments, such as cliffs, create significant risks to successful documentation. This article assesses sUASs’ capability for autonomous obstacle avoidance and 3D flight planning using data collection scenarios carried out in Black Mesa, Oklahoma. Imagery processed using commercial software confirmed that the collected data can build photogrammetric models suitable for general archaeological documentation. The results demonstrate that new capabilities in drones may open up new field environments previously considered inaccessible, too risky, or costly for fieldwork, especially for all but the most expert pilots. Emerging technologies for drone-based photogrammetry, such as the Skydio 2+ considered here, place remote, rugged terrain within reach of many archaeological research units in terms of commercial options and cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale and Multitemporal High Resolution Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Heritage: From Research to Preservation)
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18 pages, 9878 KiB  
Technical Note
Multitemporal and Multiscale Applications of Geomatic Techniques to Medium-Sized Archaeological Sites—Case Study of Marroquíes Bajos (Jaén, Spain)
by Antonio Tomás Mozas-Calvache, José Miguel Gómez-López and José Luis Pérez-García
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(5), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051416 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1977
Abstract
This study describes a methodology for obtaining a geometric documentation of a medium-sized archaeological area by applying various geomatic techniques. The procedure considers the obtainment of products at several scales, from the entire site to small artifacts, and at several dates, in order [...] Read more.
This study describes a methodology for obtaining a geometric documentation of a medium-sized archaeological area by applying various geomatic techniques. The procedure considers the obtainment of products at several scales, from the entire site to small artifacts, and at several dates, in order to model the evolution of the archaeological work. The methodology includes both LiDAR and photogrammetry, using the LiDAR point clouds to support the geometry obtained using photogrammetry and adding texture from this source. The technique used was adapted to the circumstances of the scene by considering the scale level (resolution and accuracy), complexity, and other requirements of the project. In the case of LiDAR, terrestrial laser scanning and structured-light scanning were used, and the aerial photogrammetry used two types of RPAS (medium and low flight height), close range photogrammetry with a conventional camera, and very close-range photogrammetry with a conventional camera mounted with a macro lens. The methodology demonstrated its feasibility for performing these types of studies, providing products adapted to the required scale level. All results were integrated into a website, including a map that allows user interaction and displays products at a selected zoom level, according to their scale level. The website also displays 3D models of the scenes and objects studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale and Multitemporal High Resolution Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Heritage: From Research to Preservation)
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