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Optical Biosensors and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 12549

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hossein Zare-Behtash

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor in Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Interests: optofluidic biosensors; nano-engineered pressure sensors; optical dissolved-oxygen sensor; fluid–thermal–structure interactions; nanophotonic fluid sensor, flow control; compressible flows; advanced flow diagnostics; shock physics; shock–vortex interactions; wind tunnel testing; engineering optimisation; unsteady aerodynamics; energy deposition; bio-inspired engineering; unconventional wing planforms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Esmaeil Heydari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Physics, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran
Interests: optofluidic biosensors; nano-engineered pressure sensors; optical dissolved-oxygen sensor; anti-counterfeiting labels; plasmonic nano-pixels; nanophotonic fluorescence enhancement; organic lasers; upconversion nanoparticles; plasmonic nanostructures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Within the field of biosensor development, optical biosensors play a growing role in certain areas. The applications are broad and diverse; uses range from one’s concerning fundamental biological research to diagnostics in resource-limited settings, from environmental monitoring to uses in defense and security, and from agricultural uses to applications in personalized medicine.

This Special Issue aims to bring together recent advancements concerning the research and development of optical biosensors in a wide variety of disciplines. This Special Issue will cover, but is not limited to, the following areas:

  • Optical biosensors;
  • Immunosensors;
  • Fiber-optical biosensors;
  • Fluorescence-based biosensors;
  • Microfluidics and optical integrated biosensor systems (lab-on-a-chip);
  • Nanobiosensors;
  • Resonant sensors;
  • Waveguide sensors;
  • DNA chips;
  • Nucleic acid sensors;
  • Protein chips;
  • Microarray;
  • Optical oxygen sensors;
  • Optical glucose sensors;
  • Wearable biosensors
  • Biological flows;
  • Aerodynamics;
  • Wind tunnel testing;
  • Pressure and temperature measurement.

Dr. Hossein Zare-Behtash
Dr. Esmaeil Heydari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optical biosensors
  • immunosensors
  • fiber-optical biosensors
  • fluorescence-based biosensors
  • microfluidics and optical integrated biosensor systems (lab-on-a-chip)
  • nanobiosensors
  • resonant sensors
  • waveguide sensors
  • DNA chips
  • nucleic acid sensors
  • protein chips
  • microarray
  • optical oxygen sensors
  • optical glucose sensors
  • wearable biosensors biological flows
  • aerodynamics
  • wind tunnel testing
  • pressure and temperature measurement

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1635 KiB  
Article
Optical Biosensor Based on Porous Silicon and Tamm Plasmon Polariton for Detection of CagA Antigen of Helicobacter pylori
by Guoguang Rong, Alexey Kavokin and Mohamad Sawan
Sensors 2024, 24(16), 5153; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165153 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 899
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common pathogen with a high prevalence of infection in human populations. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection is critical for its treatment, eradication, and prognosis. Biosensors have been demonstrated to be powerful for the rapid [...] Read more.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common pathogen with a high prevalence of infection in human populations. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection is critical for its treatment, eradication, and prognosis. Biosensors have been demonstrated to be powerful for the rapid onsite detection of pathogens, particularly for point-of-care test (POCT) scenarios. In this work, we propose a novel optical biosensor, based on nanomaterial porous silicon (PSi) and photonic surface state Tamm Plasmon Polariton (TPP), for the detection of cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA) of H. pylori bacterium. We fabricated the PSi TPP biosensor, analyzed its optical characteristics, and demonstrated through experiments, with the sensing of the CagA antigen, that the TPP biosensor has a sensitivity of 100 pm/(ng/mL), a limit of detection of 0.05 ng/mL, and specificity in terms of positive-to-negative ratio that is greater than six. From these performance factors, it can be concluded that the TPP biosensor can serve as an effective tool for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, either in analytical labs or in POCT applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Biosensors and Applications)
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18 pages, 1744 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Surface Functionalizations for Ring Resonator-Based Biosensors
by Niccolò Ardoino, Lorenzo Lunelli, Georg Pucker, Lia Vanzetti, Rachele Favaretto, Laura Pasquardini, Cecilia Pederzolli, Carlo Guardiani and Cristina Potrich
Sensors 2024, 24(10), 3107; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103107 - 14 May 2024
Viewed by 1164
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is expected to become widespread in the coming years thanks to point of care devices, which can include label-free biosensors. The surface functionalization of biosensors is a crucial aspect that influences their overall performance, resulting in the accurate, sensitive, and specific [...] Read more.
Liquid biopsy is expected to become widespread in the coming years thanks to point of care devices, which can include label-free biosensors. The surface functionalization of biosensors is a crucial aspect that influences their overall performance, resulting in the accurate, sensitive, and specific detection of target molecules. Here, the surface of a microring resonator (MRR)-based biosensor was functionalized for the detection of protein biomarkers. Among the several existing functionalization methods, a strategy based on aptamers and mercaptosilanes was selected as the most highly performing approach. All steps of the functionalization protocol were carefully characterized and optimized to obtain a suitable protocol to be transferred to the final biosensor. The functionalization protocol comprised a preliminary plasma treatment aimed at cleaning and activating the surface for the subsequent silanization step. Different plasma treatments as well as different silanes were tested in order to covalently bind aptamers specific to different biomarker targets, i.e., C-reactive protein, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and thrombin. Argon plasma and 1% v/v mercaptosilane were found as the most suitable for obtaining a homogeneous layer apt to aptamer conjugation. The aptamer concentration and time for immobilization were optimized, resulting in 1 µM and 3 h, respectively. A final passivation step based on mercaptohexanol was also implemented. The functionalization protocol was then evaluated for the detection of thrombin with a photonic biosensor based on microring resonators. The preliminary results identified the successful recognition of the correct target as well as some limitations of the developed protocol in real measurement conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Biosensors and Applications)
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18 pages, 4891 KiB  
Article
Particle Tracking and Micromixing Performance Characterization with a Mobile Device
by Edisson A. Naula Duchi, Héctor Andrés Betancourt Cervantes, Christian Rodrigo Yañez Espinosa, Ciro A. Rodríguez, Luis E. Garza-Castañon and J. Israel Martínez López
Sensors 2023, 23(24), 9900; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249900 - 18 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1391
Abstract
Strategies to stir and mix reagents in microfluid devices have evolved concomitantly with advancements in manufacturing techniques and sensing. While there is a large array of reported designs to combine and homogenize liquids, most of the characterization has been focused on setups with [...] Read more.
Strategies to stir and mix reagents in microfluid devices have evolved concomitantly with advancements in manufacturing techniques and sensing. While there is a large array of reported designs to combine and homogenize liquids, most of the characterization has been focused on setups with two inlets and one outlet. While this configuration is helpful to directly evaluate the effects of features and parameters on the mixing degree, it does not portray the conditions for experiments that involve more than two substances required to be subsequently combined. In this work, we present a mixing characterization methodology based on particle tracking as an alternative to the most common approach to measure homogeneity using the standard deviation of pixel intensities from a grayscale image. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a free and open-source mobile application (MIQUOD) for Android devices, numerically tested on COMSOL Multiphysics, and experimentally tested on a bidimensional split and recombine micromixer and a three-dimensional micromixer with sinusoidal grooves for different Reynolds numbers and geometrical features for samples with fluids seeded with red, blue, and green microparticles. The application uses concentration field data and particle track data to evaluate up to eleven performance metrics. Furthermore, with the insights from the experimental and numerical data, a mixing index for particles (mp) is proposed to characterize mixing performance for scenarios with multiple input reagents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Biosensors and Applications)
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Graphical abstract

9 pages, 2313 KiB  
Communication
Optical Glucose Sensors Based on Chitosan-Capped ZnS-Doped Mn Nanomaterials
by Son Hai Nguyen, Phan Kim Thi Vu, Hung Manh Nguyen and Mai Thi Tran
Sensors 2023, 23(5), 2841; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052841 - 6 Mar 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2665
Abstract
The primary goal of glucose sensing at the point of care is to identify glucose concentrations within the diabetes range. However, lower glucose levels also pose a severe health risk. In this paper, we propose quick, simple, and reliable glucose sensors based on [...] Read more.
The primary goal of glucose sensing at the point of care is to identify glucose concentrations within the diabetes range. However, lower glucose levels also pose a severe health risk. In this paper, we propose quick, simple, and reliable glucose sensors based on the absorption and photoluminescence spectra of chitosan-capped ZnS-doped Mn nanomaterials in the range of 0.125 to 0.636 mM glucose corresponding to 2.3 mg/dL to 11.4 mg/dL. The detection limit was 0.125 mM (or 2.3 mg/dL), much lower than the hypoglycemia level of 70 mg/dL (or 3.9 mM). Chitosan-capped ZnS-doped Mn nanomaterials retain their optical properties while improving sensor stability. This study reports for the first time how the sensors’ efficacy was affected by chitosan content from 0.75 to 1.5 wt.%. The results showed that 1 %wt chitosan-capped ZnS-doped Mn is the most-sensitive, -selective, and -stable material. We also put the biosensor through its paces with glucose in phosphate-buffered saline. In the same range of 0.125 to 0.636 mM, the sensors-based chitosan-coated ZnS-doped Mn had a better sensitivity than the working water environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Biosensors and Applications)
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14 pages, 3580 KiB  
Article
Optical Oxygen Sensing and Clark Electrode: Face-to-Face in a Biosensor Case Study
by Pavel V. Melnikov, Anastasia Yu. Alexandrovskaya, Alina O. Naumova, Vyacheslav A. Arlyapov, Olga A. Kamanina, Nadezhda M. Popova, Nikolay K. Zaitsev and Nikolay A. Yashtulov
Sensors 2022, 22(19), 7626; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197626 - 8 Oct 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3679
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been continuous competition between two methods for detecting the concentration of dissolved oxygen: amerometric (Clark electrode) and optical (quenching of the phosphorescence of the porphyrin metal complex). Each of them has obvious advantages and disadvantages. This competition [...] Read more.
In the last decade, there has been continuous competition between two methods for detecting the concentration of dissolved oxygen: amerometric (Clark electrode) and optical (quenching of the phosphorescence of the porphyrin metal complex). Each of them has obvious advantages and disadvantages. This competition is especially acute in the development of biosensors, however, an unbiased comparison is extremely difficult to achieve, since only a single detection method is used in each particular study. In this work, a microfluidic system with synchronous detection of the oxygen concentration by two methods was created for the purpose of direct comparison. The receptor element is represented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells adsorbed on a composite material, previously developed by our scientific group. To our knowledge, this is the first work of this kind in which the comparison of the oxygen detection methods is carried out directly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Biosensors and Applications)
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Other

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13 pages, 3174 KiB  
Concept Paper
Development of Photonic Multi-Sensing Systems Based on Molecular Gates Biorecognition and Plasmonic Sensors: The PHOTONGATE Project
by Oscar Nieves, David Ortiz de Zárate, Elena Aznar, Isabel Caballos, Eva Garrido, Ramón Martínez-Máñez, Fabian Dortu, Damien Bernier, Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá, F. Xavier López-Labrador, Jens J. Sloth, Katrin Loeschner, Lene Duedahl-Olesen, Natalia Prado, Martín Hervello, Armando Menéndez, Rainer Gransee, Thomas Klotzbuecher, M. Clara Gonçalves, Fahimeh Zare, Ana Fuentes López, Isabel Fernández Segovia, Jose M. Barat Baviera, Jaime Salcedo, Sara Recuero, Santiago Simón, Ana Fernández Blanco, Sergio Peransi, Maribel Gómez-Gómez and Amadeu Grioladd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Sensors 2023, 23(20), 8548; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23208548 - 18 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1565
Abstract
This paper presents the concept of a novel adaptable sensing solution currently being developed under the EU Commission-founded PHOTONGATE project. This concept will allow for the quantification of multiple analytes of the same or different nature (chemicals, metals, bacteria, etc.) in a single [...] Read more.
This paper presents the concept of a novel adaptable sensing solution currently being developed under the EU Commission-founded PHOTONGATE project. This concept will allow for the quantification of multiple analytes of the same or different nature (chemicals, metals, bacteria, etc.) in a single test with levels of sensitivity and selectivity at/or over those offered by current solutions. PHOTONGATE relies on two core technologies: a biochemical technology (molecular gates), which will confer the specificity and, therefore, the capability to be adaptable to the analyte of interest, and which, combined with porous substrates, will increase the sensitivity, and a photonic technology based on localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) structures that serve as transducers for light interaction. Both technologies are in the micron range, facilitating the integration of multiple sensors within a small area (mm2). The concept will be developed for its application in health diagnosis and food safety sectors. It is thought of as an easy-to-use modular concept, which will consist of the sensing module, mainly of a microfluidics cartridge that will house the photonic sensor, and a platform for fluidic handling, optical interrogation, and signal processing. The platform will include a new optical concept, which is fully European Union Made, avoiding optical fibers and expensive optical components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Biosensors and Applications)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Mediator microbial biosensor analyzers for rapid determination of surface water toxicity
Authors: A.S. Kharkova; V.A. Arlyapov; R.V. Lepikash; M.A. Kondrashova; A.S. Medvedeva; P.V. Melnikov; A.N. Reshetilov
Affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Abstract: Four microorganisms with broad substrate specificity and nine electron acceptors were used to form a receptor system for toxicity assessment. It has been shown that among the electron acceptors the mediator ferrocene is the most effective (the constant of interaction with the yeast S. cerevisiae is 0.33±0.01 dm3/(g s))). Four biosensors were tested on samples containing four heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+), two phenols (phenol and p-nitrophenol), and three natural water samples. The «ferrocene-E.coli» and «ferrocene - P. yeei, E. coli association» systems showed good operational stability with a relative standard deviation of 6.9 and 7.3% (14 measurements) and a reproducibility of 7 and 5.2% using copper (II) ions as a reference toxicant. The biosensor analysis with these systems was shown to highly correlate with the results of the standard method using Chlorella algae as a test object.

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