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Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications
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Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 19028

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Norbert Herencsar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: energy storage elements; fractional-order circuits and systems; impedance spectroscopy; nano/microelectronics; nanodevices; organic electronics and tissue engineering; sensory processing circuits and systems; supercapacitors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Khaled N. Salama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Interests: bioelectronics; biosensors; wearables
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rising demand for reliable, real-time, low-maintenance, cost-efficient monitoring systems with great accuracy is becoming more and more obvious in our everyday life. One of the main driving forces behind this is the Internet of Things. In this regard, the growing interest in analog and mixed signal integrated signal processing circuits in portable and wearable smart sensor-related technologies and interfaces used for healthcare and sports performance monitoring, environmental monitoring, agriculture, food control, or energy conservation purposes, is an important benchmark to satisfy these needs. This demand also requires ecofriendly integrated circuits and devices with voltage and power management. On top of that, other performance metrics such as low noise, small area, high signal-to-noise ratio, and so on become standard sensor circuit features. All the design concerns impose severe design challenges on researchers in this emerging field today.

This Special Issue aims to highlight advances in the development, design, implementation, modeling, and validation of integrated circuits and systems in smart sensing applications for the benefit of humanity. Authors are encouraged to submit both original research articles and surveys. Research articles should address the originality, as well as practical aspects and implementation, of the work in the field, while surveys should provide an overview and up-to-date information.

Dr. Norbert Herencsar
Prof. Dr. Khaled N. Salama
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Design techniques and implementation of integrated sensing technologies
  • Ecofriendly wireless sensors and sensor-related smart technologies
  • Low-voltage/low-power analog and mixed signal integrated signal processing blocks for sensors
  • Measurement of bio-impedance and in vivo/in vitro tissue monitoring
  • Reconfigurable sensor architectures and energy harvesting electronics
  • Sensory systems-on-chip for physical treatments, chemical analysis, and variable measurements
  • Smart sensing systems and readout electronics
  • Voltage and power management for integrated sensors and interfaces

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 166 KiB  
Editorial
Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications
by Norbert Herencsar and Khaled N. Salama
Sensors 2023, 23(12), 5492; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125492 - 10 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1209
Abstract
The rising demand for reliable, real-time, low-maintenance, cost-efficient monitoring systems with a high accuracy is becoming increasingly more notable in everyday life [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

14 pages, 4677 KiB  
Article
Plant Tissue Modelling Using Power-Law Filters
by Samar I. Gadallah, Mohamed S. Ghoneim, Ahmed S. Elwakil, Lobna A. Said, Ahmed H. Madian and Ahmed G. Radwan
Sensors 2022, 22(15), 5659; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155659 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1647
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy has became an essential non-invasive tool for quality assessment measurements of the biochemical and biophysical changes in plant tissues. The electrical behaviour of biological tissues can be captured by fitting its bio-impedance data to a suitable circuit model. This paper investigates [...] Read more.
Impedance spectroscopy has became an essential non-invasive tool for quality assessment measurements of the biochemical and biophysical changes in plant tissues. The electrical behaviour of biological tissues can be captured by fitting its bio-impedance data to a suitable circuit model. This paper investigates the use of power-law filters in circuit modelling of bio-impedance. The proposed models are fitted to experimental data obtained from eight different fruit types using a meta-heuristic optimization method (the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA)). Impedance measurements are obtained using a Biologic SP150 electrochemical station, and the percentage error between the actual impedance and the fitted models’ impedance are reported. It is found that a circuit model consisting of a combination of two second-order power-law low-pass filters shows the least fitting error. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications)
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14 pages, 2648 KiB  
Article
Development of an Inductive Rain Gauge
by Christoph Clemens, Annette Jobst, Mario Radschun, Jörg Himmel, Olfa Kanoun and Markus Quirmbach
Sensors 2022, 22(15), 5486; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155486 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2215
Abstract
Measuring weather data in an urban environment is an important task on the journey towards smart cities. Heavy rain can cause flooding in cities and prevent emergency services from reaching their destination because roads or underpasses are blocked. In order to provide a [...] Read more.
Measuring weather data in an urban environment is an important task on the journey towards smart cities. Heavy rain can cause flooding in cities and prevent emergency services from reaching their destination because roads or underpasses are blocked. In order to provide a high-resolution site-specific overview in urban areas during heavy rainfall, a dense measurement network is necessary. To achieve this, a smart low-cost rain gauge is needed. In this paper, the current status of the development of an inductive rain gauge is presented. The sensor is based on the eddy current principle and evaluates the frequency of an electrical resonant circuit. For this purpose, a coil is placed under a metal plate. When raindrops hit the plate, it starts to oscillate, which changes the distance to the coil accordingly and causes changes in the frequency of the resonant circuit. Since the sensor is cost-effective, operates self-sufficiently in terms of energy and transmits data wirelessly via LoRaWAN, it can be used flexibly. This enables dense, area-wide coverage over the urban area of interest. The first experimental investigations show a correlation between the size of the rain droplets and the frequency change. Small droplets cause a shift of about 8 kHz and larger droplets of up to 40 kHz. The results prove that raindrops can be detected and categorized using this measurement principle. These data will be used as a basis for future work on calculating precipitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications)
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17 pages, 1134 KiB  
Article
An Impedance Readout IC with Ratio-Based Measurement Techniques for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
by Song-I Cheon, Soon-Jae Kweon, Youngin Kim, Jimin Koo, Sohmyung Ha and Minkyu Je
Sensors 2022, 22(4), 1563; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041563 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3930
Abstract
This paper presents an error-tolerant and power-efficient impedance measurement scheme for bioimpedance acquisition. The proposed architecture measures the magnitude and the real part of the target complex impedance, unlike other impedance measurement architectures measuring either the real/imaginary components or the magnitude and phase. [...] Read more.
This paper presents an error-tolerant and power-efficient impedance measurement scheme for bioimpedance acquisition. The proposed architecture measures the magnitude and the real part of the target complex impedance, unlike other impedance measurement architectures measuring either the real/imaginary components or the magnitude and phase. The phase information of the target impedance is obtained by using the ratio between the magnitude and the real components. This can allow for avoiding direct phase measurements, which require fast, power-hungry circuit blocks. A reference resistor is connected in series with the target impedance to compensate for the errors caused by the delay in the sinusoidal signal generator and the amplifier at the front. Moreover, an additional magnitude measurement path is connected to the reference resistor to cancel out the nonlinearity of the proposed system and enhance the settling speed of the low-pass filter by a ratio-based detection. Thanks to this ratio-based detection, the accuracy is enhanced by 30%, and the settling time is improved by 87.7% compared to the conventional single-path detection. The proposed integrated circuit consumes only 513 μW for a wide frequency range of 10 Hz to 1 MHz, with the maximum magnitude and phase errors of 0.3% and 2.1°, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications)
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17 pages, 4283 KiB  
Article
Non-Contact Smart Sensing of Physical Activities during Quarantine Period Using SDR Technology
by Muhammad Bilal Khan, Ali Mustafa, Mubashir Rehman, Najah Abed AbuAli, Chang Yuan, Xiaodong Yang, Fiaz Hussain Shah and Qammer H. Abbasi
Sensors 2022, 22(4), 1348; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041348 - 10 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3148
Abstract
The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is dramatically changing the lives of humans and results in limitation of activities, especially physical activities, which lead to various health issues such as cardiovascular, diabetes, and gout. Physical activities are often viewed as a [...] Read more.
The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is dramatically changing the lives of humans and results in limitation of activities, especially physical activities, which lead to various health issues such as cardiovascular, diabetes, and gout. Physical activities are often viewed as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it offers enormous health benefits; on the other hand, it can cause irreparable damage to health. Falls during physical activities are a significant cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries. Therefore, continuous monitoring of physical activities is crucial during the quarantine period to detect falls. Even though wearable sensors can detect and recognize human physical activities, in a pandemic crisis, it is not a realistic approach. Smart sensing with the support of smartphones and other wireless devices in a non-contact manner is a promising solution for continuously monitoring physical activities and assisting patients suffering from serious health issues. In this research, a non-contact smart sensing through the walls (TTW) platform is developed to monitor human physical activities during the quarantine period using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. The developed platform is intelligent, flexible, portable, and has multi-functional capabilities. The received orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with fine-grained 64-subcarriers wireless channel state information (WCSI) are exploited for classifying different activities by applying machine learning algorithms. The fall activity is classified separately from standing, walking, running, and bending with an accuracy of 99.7% by using a fine tree algorithm. This preliminary smart sensing opens new research directions to detect COVID-19 symptoms and monitor non-communicable and communicable diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications)
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15 pages, 5281 KiB  
Article
Testing for Wearability and Reliability of TPU Lamination Method in E-Textiles
by Paula Veske, Frederick Bossuyt and Jan Vanfleteren
Sensors 2022, 22(1), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010156 - 27 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4089
Abstract
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) and wearable computing have been emerging increasingly during the last decade. Since the market interest and predictions have grown, the research into increasing reliability and durability of wearables and e-textiles is developing rapidly. The washability of different integration methods and [...] Read more.
Electronic textiles (e-textiles) and wearable computing have been emerging increasingly during the last decade. Since the market interest and predictions have grown, the research into increasing reliability and durability of wearables and e-textiles is developing rapidly. The washability of different integration methods and resistance to mechanical stress are the main obstacles being tackled. However, the freedom of movement and overall comfort is still often overlooked during the development phase. It is essential to see the e-textile product as a whole and consider several aspects of user experience. This work will focus on developing and improving the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) lamination integration method for e-textiles. In the work, a stretchable copper-polyimide based circuit was laminated onto knit fabric using various TPU films and stacks. The study shares measurable characteristics to determine which material assembly and design would ensure the highest durability for the electronics part without losing its original textile softness, flexibility and stretchability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications)
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