Separations and Analysis of Proteins in Biological Samples

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioanalysis/Clinical Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2022) | Viewed by 18446

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídenska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
Interests: gel electrophoresis; electrophoresis; chromatography; mass spectrometry; sequencing; proteins; HPLC; sample preparation; liquid chromatography; extraction; physiology; analytical chemistry; proteomics; zoology; lipids; metabolomics; LC-MS/MS; peptides; LC-MS; chemical biology; carbohydrate chemistry; amino acids; glycobiology; carbohydrates; capillary electrophoresis; mass spectrometry techniques

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Analysis of proteins in biological samples is an increasingly evolving and desirable method for studying organisms, their functions, and development. The development of these analyses is made possible by the development of advanced analytical methods. It mainly includes the use of modern methods of mass spectrometry in conjunction with separation techniques. An integral part of this research is the use of appropriate methods for sample preparation that allow targeted analysis (e.g., biomarkers). Thus, the methods may include both targeted analysis and screening studies. It should be borne in mind that proteins are a remarkably diverse group of substances that can differ significantly in their properties. Therefore, the problem of protein analysis in biological samples is a kind of art—analytical art.

The presented Special Issue should include both well-arranged articles providing an overview of the current development of methods and procedures of analyses in real biological samples, as well as experimental works dealing with new procedures and approaches applied in specific analytical problems. Papers on new techniques suitable for protein analysis are also welcome. Of course, the scope of this volume is not limited to the analysis of “pure” proteins but also includes their modifications, such as glycosylation, glycation, phosphorylation, and many others.

The aim of this Special Issue should be to provide a general overview of modern methods used to analyze proteins in biological samples, but also to outline the current trends in these methods, to acquaint the scientific community with modern procedures and approaches to real proteomic analysis, whether targeted or screening studies.

Prof. Dr. Ivan Mikšík
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • protein analysis
  • sample preparation
  • target analysis
  • glycoprotein
  • peptide analysis
  • mass spectrometry
  • biological sample
  • chromatography

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

21 pages, 1176 KiB  
Review
Separation of Serum and Plasma Proteins for In-Depth Proteomic Analysis
by Joseph Paul and Timothy D. Veenstra
Separations 2022, 9(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations9040089 - 1 Apr 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 12134
Abstract
There are probably no biological samples that did more to spur interest in proteomics than serum and plasma. The belief was that comparing the proteomes of these samples obtained from healthy and disease-affected individuals would lead to biomarkers that could be used to [...] Read more.
There are probably no biological samples that did more to spur interest in proteomics than serum and plasma. The belief was that comparing the proteomes of these samples obtained from healthy and disease-affected individuals would lead to biomarkers that could be used to diagnose conditions such as cancer. While the continuing development of mass spectrometers with greater sensitivity and resolution has been invaluable, the invention of strategic strategies to separate circulatory proteins has been just as critical. Novel and creative separation techniques were required because serum and plasma probably have the greatest dynamic range of protein concentration of any biological sample. The concentrations of circulating proteins can range over twelve orders of magnitude, making it a challenge to identify low-abundance proteins where the bulk of the useful biomarkers are believed to exist. The major goals of this article are to (i) provide an historical perspective on the rapid development of serum and plasma proteomics; (ii) describe various separation techniques that have made obtaining an in-depth view of the proteome of these biological samples possible; and (iii) describe applications where serum and plasma proteomics have been employed to discover potential biomarkers for pathological conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separations and Analysis of Proteins in Biological Samples)
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18 pages, 1321 KiB  
Review
Hemp Growth Factors and Extraction Methods Effect on Antimicrobial Activity of Hemp Seed Oil: A Systematic Review
by Klaudia Ostapczuk, Samuel Obeng Apori, Giovani Estrada and Furong Tian
Separations 2021, 8(10), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100183 - 12 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5171
Abstract
The bioactive Hemp Seed Oil (HSO) is becoming very popular in the medical and research fields due to its antimicrobial properties against several diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. However, the effect of hemp-growing factors and extraction methods on the bioactivity of HSO [...] Read more.
The bioactive Hemp Seed Oil (HSO) is becoming very popular in the medical and research fields due to its antimicrobial properties against several diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. However, the effect of hemp-growing factors and extraction methods on the bioactivity of HSO does not receive adequate research attention. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the effect of growth factors and extraction methods on the antimicrobial activity of HSO. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and the Scopus database and screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study revealed that HSO prefers warm climates and favorable humidity ranging from 20 to 39 °C and 79–100% per year, respectively, and rainfall of 324 mm daily. The multivariate linear regression shown excellent prediction (R2 = 0.94) with climates upon Zone of Growth Inhibition (ZGI) of Gram-positive bacteria. Temperature is the strongest predictor (p < 0.01) followed by humidity and rainfall (p < 0.05). Furthermore, well-drained loam soil rich in organic matter seems to stimulate the antimicrobial activity of HSO. The major constituents that influence HSO’s antimicrobial ability to Staphylococcus aureus were cannabidiol (CBD), β-caryophyllene, and limonene. The extraction methods showed less influence on the HSO bioactivity. HSO did not show significant antioxidant activity, but Hemp Seed Hull (HSH), Hemp Seed Flour (HSF), and Hydrolyzed Hemp Seed Protein (HPH), expressed promising DPPH scavenging ability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Separations and Analysis of Proteins in Biological Samples)
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