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Sustainability and Transportation Systems

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 11665

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Technology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Menasha, WI 54952, USA
Interests: Clean energy; artificial intelligence; computational modeling

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2021, USA
Interests: Industrial energy efficiency; hydrogen energy technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change is at the top of the list of challenges facing humanity today, caused in large part from the burning of fossil fuels. About 15% of global carbon dioxide emissions come from the transportation section [1]. By 2100, the world’s population is projected to reach approximately 10.9 billion, with annual growth of less than 0.1% – a steep decline from the current rate [2]. Almost all this growth will be in the urban sector [3]. Considering these statistics, researchers and policy makers must think about the increasing demand and strain on the existing transportation and energy infrastructure [4]. They must consider what future actions mean in terms of sustainability and environmental impact. Projections through 2050 for one of the largest energy consumers in the world, the United States, for example, indicate that, while fuel efficiency across all vehicle types will increase, gasoline vehicles will continue to dominate the market. Further, passenger travel and freight movement across virtually all modes of transportation are projected to increase. Too often, researchers fail to place adequate emphasis on the consumer and their choices or challenges. This special issue invites papers that explore all these complex and critical issues and how they might come to define a sustainable transportation system of the future. Specifically, papers are invited that focus on:

  • Reducing the environmental impact of transportation.
  • Proposals for sustainable transportation systems, particularly those that focus on a holistic approach – users, pedestrians, neighbourhoods, policymakers, etc.
  • Advances in technology, particularly novel methods such as machine learning or biomimetics.
  • Challenges and options for consumers and early adopters – case studies, socioeconomics, etc.


Prof. Dr. Warren Vaz
Prof. Dr. John W. Sheffield
Guest Editors

References

  1. IPCC, 2019, “IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate”, H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.), in press.
  2. United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/world-population-prospects-2019.html
  3. United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Prospects 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_Highlights.pdf
  4. Call for data on climate footprints and costs of mitigation options within the transport sector. https://ipcc-wg3-lcadata.ntnu.edu/home
  5. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). Annual Energy Outlook 2020 (AEO2020). https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/AEO2020%20Transportation.pdf

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Environmental impact
  • sustainable transportation system
  • Clean energy
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Biomimetics
  • Socioeconomics
  • Consumers and early adopters

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3982 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Shore Power Deployment in Green Ports Considering Government Subsidies
by Hanyu Lu and Lufei Huang
Sustainability 2021, 13(4), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041640 - 3 Feb 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3502
Abstract
Shipping trade and port operations are two of the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The emission of air pollutants brings severe problems to the marine environment and coastal residents’ lives. Shore power technology is an efficient CO2 emission reduction program, but [...] Read more.
Shipping trade and port operations are two of the primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The emission of air pollutants brings severe problems to the marine environment and coastal residents’ lives. Shore power technology is an efficient CO2 emission reduction program, but it faces sizeable initial investment and high electricity prices. For shipping companies, energy such as low-sulfur fuels and liquefied natural gas has become an essential supplementary means to meet emission reduction requirements. This research considers the impact of government subsidies on port shore power construction and ship shore power use. It constructs a multi-period dual-objective port shore power deployment optimization model based on minimizing operating costs and minimizing CO2 emissions. Multi-combination subsidy strategies, including unit subsidy rate and subsidy demarcation line, are quantitatively described and measured. The proposed Epsilon constraint method is used to transform and model the dual-objective optimization problem. Numerical experiments verify the effectiveness of the model and the feasibility of the solution method. By carrying out a “cost-environment” Pareto trade-off analysis, a model multi-period change analysis, and a subsidy efficiency analysis, this research compares the decision-making results of port shore power construction, ship berthing shore power use, and ship berthing energy selection. Government subsidy strategy and operation management enlightenment in the optimization of port shore power deployment are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Transportation Systems)
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15 pages, 3986 KiB  
Article
Multiobjective Optimization of a Residential Grid-Tied Solar System
by Warren S. Vaz
Sustainability 2020, 12(20), 8648; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208648 - 19 Oct 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2086
Abstract
Residential customers are increasingly turning to solar energy as they are becoming more climate-conscious and solar energy is becoming more cost-effective. However, customers are often faced with myriad choices from retailers. The current retail landscape features several solar panel sizes, battery storage sizes, [...] Read more.
Residential customers are increasingly turning to solar energy as they are becoming more climate-conscious and solar energy is becoming more cost-effective. However, customers are often faced with myriad choices from retailers. The current retail landscape features several solar panel sizes, battery storage sizes, and technologies, and all of them come in a range of prices. The present study aims to present a strategy to optimize the choice for the customer taking two conflicting objectives into account: minimizing the cost and minimizing the carbon footprint. By presenting multiple nondominated (optimal) solutions based on the individual’s unique parameters, customers can make the optimal choice. Two disparate locations are examined: New York City, NY, USA and Phoenix, AZ, USA. Several variations are examined, including no battery storage, battery storage, and charging of an electric vehicle. The strategy was found to suitably highlight a variety of options that gave the best tradeoff between carbon emissions and cost. Metrics to compare nondominated fronts showed that a variable season charging time for the electric vehicle produced fronts that dominated a fixed season strategy by 6%. This strategy can be easily implemented by customers to avoid choosing improperly sized and priced residential solar systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Transportation Systems)
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18 pages, 5393 KiB  
Article
Scale-Up of Physics-Based Models for Predicting Degradation of Large Lithium Ion Batteries
by Hong-Keun Kim and Kyu-Jin Lee
Sustainability 2020, 12(20), 8544; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208544 - 15 Oct 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2976
Abstract
Large lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) demonstrate different performance and lifetime compared to small LIB cells, owing to the size effects generated by the electrical configuration and property imbalance. However, the calculation time for performing life predictions with three-dimensional (3D) cell models is undesirably long. [...] Read more.
Large lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) demonstrate different performance and lifetime compared to small LIB cells, owing to the size effects generated by the electrical configuration and property imbalance. However, the calculation time for performing life predictions with three-dimensional (3D) cell models is undesirably long. In this paper, a lumped cell model with equivalent resistances (LER cell model) is proposed as a reduced order model of the 3D cell model, which enables accurate and fast life predictions of large LIBs. The developed LER cell model is validated via the comparisons with results of the 3D cell models by simulating a 20-Ah commercial pouch cell (NCM/graphite) and the experimental values. In addition, the LER cell models are applied to different cell types and sizes, such as a 20-Ah cylindrical cell and a 60-Ah pouch cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Transportation Systems)
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15 pages, 5591 KiB  
Article
Development of a High-Performance Electric Pressure Regulator Applied for Compressed-Natural-Gas-Fueled Vehicles
by Nguyen Ba Hung and Ocktaeck Lim
Sustainability 2020, 12(19), 7938; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197938 - 25 Sep 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2581
Abstract
A model-based study is carried out based on a combination of mathematical and Maxwell models to develop a high-performance electric pressure regulator utilized for compressed-natural-gas-fueled vehicles. To reduce computational cost, a symmetric two-direction model of the electric pressure regulator is established in Maxwell [...] Read more.
A model-based study is carried out based on a combination of mathematical and Maxwell models to develop a high-performance electric pressure regulator utilized for compressed-natural-gas-fueled vehicles. To reduce computational cost, a symmetric two-direction model of the electric pressure regulator is established in Maxwell software, in which its material properties and dimension parameters are obtained on the base of specifications of a real electric pressure regulator. The output of simulating in Maxwell is the electromagnetic force, which is significantly improved when changing core shape in the various dimensions ∆1, ∆2, and ∆3. The optimal electromagnetic force is utilized for the mathematical models as an input variable to simulate the operational characteristics of the electric pressure regulator such as displacement and response time of plunger. The operational characteristics of the electric pressure regulator are examined under the influences of key parameters, including inlet gas pressure, diameter of orifice, and spring stiffness. By optimizing these key parameters, the simulated results in this study show that an electric pressure regulator with high performance can be obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability and Transportation Systems)
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