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Selected Papers Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference...
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Selected Papers Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 8073

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Emilio Elizalde

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (CSIC), Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC/CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: zeta functions; regularization of infinite sums; spexial functions of mathemtatical physics; vacuum fluctuations; theoretical cosmology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sergei D. Odintsov

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Luis Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
2. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC), C. Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: cosmology; dark energy and inflation; quantum gravity; modified gravity and beyond general relativity; quantum fields at external fields
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Participants of this conference are cordially invited to contribute a full manuscript to our Special Issue "Selected Papers: Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry" in the journal Symmetry.

A number of lectures from the conference will be selected for this Special Issue in the journal Symmetry. Among those, five papers will be chosen to be free of charge, while all other accepted contributions will enjoy a 20% discount on the publication fees. The Special Issue will represent all disciplines pertaining to the conference where the notion of symmetry plays an important role. Special attention will be paid to interdisciplinary contributions.

This themed collection will be closely aligned with the scope of the event.

Symmetry is indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), CAPlus/SciFinder, Inspec, Astrophysics Data System, and other databases and has an Impact Factor of 2.940 and a 5-Year Impact Factor of 2.834.

Prof. Dr. Emilio Elizalde
Prof. Dr. Sergei D. Odintsov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

21 pages, 622 KiB  
Article
Reheating Constraints and the H0 Tension in Quintessential Inflation
by Jaume de Haro and Supriya Pan
Symmetry 2024, 16(11), 1434; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111434 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 899
Abstract
In this work, we focus on two important aspects of modern cosmology: reheating and Hubble constant tension within the framework of a unified cosmic theory, namely the quintessential inflation connecting the early inflationary era and late-time cosmic acceleration. In the context of reheating, [...] Read more.
In this work, we focus on two important aspects of modern cosmology: reheating and Hubble constant tension within the framework of a unified cosmic theory, namely the quintessential inflation connecting the early inflationary era and late-time cosmic acceleration. In the context of reheating, we use instant preheating and gravitational reheating, two viable reheating mechanisms when the evolution of the universe is not affected by an oscillating regime. After obtaining the reheating temperature, we analyze the number of e-folds and establish its relationship with the reheating temperature. This allows us to connect, for different quintessential inflation models (in particular for models coming from super-symmetric theories such as α-attractors), the reheating temperature with the spectral index of scalar perturbations, thereby enabling us to constrain its values. In the second part of this article, we explore various alternatives to address the H0 tension. From our perspective, this tension suggests that the simple Λ-Cold Dark Matter model, used as the baseline by the Planck team, needs to be refined in order to reconcile its results with the late-time measurements of the Hubble constant. Initially, we establish that quintessential inflation alone cannot mitigate the Hubble tension by solely deviating from the concordance model at low redshifts. The introduction of a phantom fluid, capable of increasing the Hubble rate at the present time, becomes a crucial element in alleviating the Hubble tension, resulting in a deviation from the Λ-Cold Dark Matter model only at low redshifts. On a different note, by utilizing quintessential inflation as a source of early dark energy, thereby diminishing the physical size of the sound horizon close to the baryon–photon decoupling redshift, we observe a reduction in the Hubble tension. This alternative avenue, which has the same effect of a cosmological constant changing its scale close to the recombination, sheds light on the nuanced interplay between the quintessential inflation and the Hubble tension, offering a distinct perspective on addressing this cosmological challenge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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20 pages, 1074 KiB  
Article
A New Generalization of the Inverse Generalized Weibull Distribution with Different Methods of Estimation and Applications in Medicine and Engineering
by Ibtesam A. Alsaggaf, Sara F. Aloufi and Lamya A. Baharith
Symmetry 2024, 16(8), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16081002 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1107
Abstract
Limitations inherent to existing statistical distributions in capturing the complexities of real-world data often necessitate the development of novel models. This paper introduces the new exponential generalized inverse generalized Weibull (NEGIGW) distribution. The NEGIGW distribution boasts significant flexibility with symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes, [...] Read more.
Limitations inherent to existing statistical distributions in capturing the complexities of real-world data often necessitate the development of novel models. This paper introduces the new exponential generalized inverse generalized Weibull (NEGIGW) distribution. The NEGIGW distribution boasts significant flexibility with symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes, allowing its hazard rate function to be adapted to many failure patterns observed in various fields such as medicine, biology, and engineering. Some statistical properties of the NEGIGW distribution, such as moments, quantile function, and Renyi entropy, are studied. Three methods are used for parameter estimation, including maximum likelihood, maximum product of spacing, and percentile methods. The performance of the estimation methods is evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations. The NEGIGW distribution excels in its ability to fit real-world data accurately. Five medical and engineering datasets are applied to demonstrate the superior fit of NEGIGW distribution compared to competing models. This compelling evidence suggests that the NEGIGW distribution is promising for lifetime data analysis and reliability assessments across different disciplines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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13 pages, 1846 KiB  
Article
Multidimensional Representation of Semantic Relations between Physical Theories, Fundamental Constants and Units of Measurement with Formal Concept Analysis
by Mariana Espinosa-Aldama and Sergio Mendoza
Symmetry 2024, 16(7), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070899 - 15 Jul 2024
Viewed by 884
Abstract
We propose several hierarchical graphs that represent the semantic relations between physical theories, their fundamental constants and units of measurement. We begin with an alternative representation of Zel’manov’s cube of fundamental constants as a concept lattice. We then propose the inclusion of a [...] Read more.
We propose several hierarchical graphs that represent the semantic relations between physical theories, their fundamental constants and units of measurement. We begin with an alternative representation of Zel’manov’s cube of fundamental constants as a concept lattice. We then propose the inclusion of a new fundamental constant, Milgrom’s critical acceleration, and discuss the implications of such analysis. We then look for the same fundamental constants in a graph that relates magnitudes and units of measurement in the International System of Units. This exercise shows the potential of visualizing hierarchical networks as a tool to better comprehend the symmetries, interrelations and dependencies of physical magnitudes, units and theories. New regimes of application may be deduced, as well as an interesting reflection on our ontologies and corresponding theoretical objects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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14 pages, 907 KiB  
Article
New Generalized Weibull Inverse Gompertz Distribution: Properties and Applications
by Lamya A. Baharith
Symmetry 2024, 16(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16020197 - 7 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1249
Abstract
In parametric statistical modeling, it is essential to create generalizations of current statistical distributions that are more flexible when modeling actual data sets. Therefore, this study introduces a new generalized lifetime model named the odd Weibull Inverse Gompertz distribution (OWIG). The OWIG is [...] Read more.
In parametric statistical modeling, it is essential to create generalizations of current statistical distributions that are more flexible when modeling actual data sets. Therefore, this study introduces a new generalized lifetime model named the odd Weibull Inverse Gompertz distribution (OWIG). The OWIG is derived by combining the odd Weibull family of distributions with the inverse Gompertz distribution. Essential statistical properties are discussed, including reliability functions, moments, Rényi entropy, and order statistics. The proposed OWIG is particularly significant as its hazard rate functions exhibit various monotonic and nonmonotonic shapes. This enables OWIG to model different hazard behaviors more commonly observed in natural phenomena. OWIG’s parameters are estimated and its flexibility in predicting unique symmetric and asymmetric patterns is shown by analyzing real-world applications from psychology, environmental, and medical sciences. The results demonstrate that the proposed OWIG is an excellent candidate as it provides the most accurate fits to the data compared with some competing models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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10 pages, 4396 KiB  
Article
Calculation of Forces to the High Granularity Calorimeter Stainless Steel Absorber Plates in the CMS Magnetic Field
by Vyacheslav Klyukhin
Symmetry 2023, 15(11), 2017; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112017 - 3 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 753
Abstract
The general-purpose Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN incorporates a hadronic calorimeter to register the energies of the charged and neutral hadrons produced in proton–proton collisions at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV. [...] Read more.
The general-purpose Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN incorporates a hadronic calorimeter to register the energies of the charged and neutral hadrons produced in proton–proton collisions at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV. This calorimeter is located inside a superconducting solenoid that is 6 m in diameter and 12.5 m in length, generating a central magnetic flux density of 3.8 T. For operating optimally in the high pileup and high radiation environment of the High-Luminosity LHC, the existing CMS endcap calorimeters will be replaced with a new high granularity calorimeter (HGCal) with an electromagnetic section and a hadronic section in each of the two endcaps. The hadronic section of the HGCal will include 44 stainless-steel absorber plates with a relative permeability value well below 1.05. The volume occupied by 22 plates in each endcap is about 21 m3. The calculation of the axial electromagnetic forces acting on the absorber plates is a crucial element in designing the mechanical construction of the device. With a three-dimensional computer model of the CMS magnet, the axial forces on each absorber plate were calculated, and the dependence of forces on the central magnetic flux density value is presented. The method of calculation and the obtained results are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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Review

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27 pages, 401 KiB  
Review
A Geometric Approach to the Sundman Transformation and Its Applications to Integrability
by José F. Cariñena
Symmetry 2024, 16(5), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050568 - 6 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1566
Abstract
A geometric approach to the integrability and reduction of dynamical systems, both when dealing with systems of differential equations and in classical physics, is developed from a modern perspective. The main ingredients of this analysis are infinitesimal symmetries and tensor fields that are [...] Read more.
A geometric approach to the integrability and reduction of dynamical systems, both when dealing with systems of differential equations and in classical physics, is developed from a modern perspective. The main ingredients of this analysis are infinitesimal symmetries and tensor fields that are invariant under the given dynamics. A particular emphasis is placed on the existence of alternative invariant volume forms and the associated Jacobi multiplier theory, and then the Hojman symmetry theory is developed as a complement to the Noether theorem and non-Noether constants of motion. We also recall the geometric approach to Sundman infinitesimal time-reparametrisation for autonomous systems of first-order differential equations and some of its applications to integrability, and an analysis of how to define Sundman transformations for autonomous systems of second-order differential equations is proposed, which shows the necessity of considering alternative tangent bundle structures. A short description of alternative tangent structures is provided, and an application to integrability, namely, the linearisability of scalar second-order differential equations under generalised Sundman transformations, is developed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers Symmetry 2023—The Fourth Edition of the International Conference on Symmetry)
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