Editorial Board Members’ Collection Series: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Contaminants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 5253

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UPorto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
2. Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Sciences (CIIMAR), University of Porto (UPorto), Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
Interests: neurocytology; endocrine disruption; gonadal sex steroids; liver histology and physiology; reproductive physiology; sex-steroids; testis and ovary histology

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Guest Editor
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: endocrine-disrupting chemicals; environmental toxicology; environmental health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Endocrine disruptors, or endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), are chemical substances that may interfere in some way with one or more hormonal signaling pathways, abnormally altering their related functions. The currently known number of EDCs is in the range of thousands and includes a wide range of natural and manufactured substances. By definition, they are exogenous, so their action implies absorption and distribution in an organism, where they may reach a sufficient active-site concentration that triggers their disruptive influences. Endocrine disruption as a toxicological issue has been known and studied for decades, with a continuously increasing number of studies and the improvement of public awareness, which have been pushing regulatory changes forward. Endocrine disruption has often been subjected to a heated debate about the extent of the effects of EDCs in real-world scenarios, from individuals to populations. The impacts of EDCs can be seen across phylogeny, from invertebrates to vertebrates, with humans being no exception. In human medicine, interest has sharply risen in cause–effect connections between EDC exposure and common health issues, such as infertility, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Such diversity of “dangerous liaisons” are in line with the plethora of mechanisms of action of EDCs. Moreover, if one EDC may be harmful, mixtures and interactions complicate matters further, from the evaluation of effects to predictions, and thus regulatory actions. The actions of EDCs may also combine with climate change! Exposure to EDCs is now viewed as a global problem because it is widespread across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic, with potential impacts on the health of all living creatures and ultimately on ecosystem health. Accordingly, endocrine disruptors should be studied, tackled, and advocated as a One Health problem. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we invite expert works that collectively offer a modern One Health perspective of the EDCs.

Prof. Dr. ​Eduardo Rocha
Prof. Dr. Jing Liu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • EDCs
  • endocrine disruption
  • endocrine disorders
  • one health
  • xenohormones
  • environmental toxicology
  • mixture toxicity
  • plastics
  • pollution
  • reproductive toxicology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3336 KiB  
Article
An Integrated Approach of Bioassays and Non-Target Screening for the Assessment of Endocrine-Disrupting Activities in Tap Water and Identification of Novel Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals
by Siyuan Liu and Jing Liu
Toxics 2024, 12(4), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040247 - 28 Mar 2024
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Abstract
The safety of drinking water is a significant environmental issue of great concern for human health since numerous contaminants are often detected in drinking water and its sources. Boiling is a common household method used to produce relatively high-quality drinking water in some [...] Read more.
The safety of drinking water is a significant environmental issue of great concern for human health since numerous contaminants are often detected in drinking water and its sources. Boiling is a common household method used to produce relatively high-quality drinking water in some countries and regions. In this study, with the aid of an integrated approach of in vitro bioassays and non-target analysis based on high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography, alterations in endocrine-disrupting activities in tap water samples without and with boiling were revealed, as well as the potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contributing to these alterations were identified. The organic extracts of tap water had no significant (ant)agonistic activities against an estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) at enrichment concentrations of ≤10 times, posing no immediate or acute health risk to humans. However, the presence of agonistic activities against PR and MR and antagonistic activities against ER, PR, GR, and MR in OEs of tap water at relatively higher enrichment concentrations still raise potential health concerns. Boiling effectively reduced antagonistic activities against these steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) but increased estrogenic and glucocorticoid activities in drinking water. Four novel potential EDCs, including one UV filter (phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, PBSA) and three natural metabolites of organisms (beta-hydroxymyristic acid, 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, and isorosmanol) were identified in drinking water samples, each of which showed (ant)agonistic activities against different SHRs. Given the widespread use of UV filters in sunscreens to prevent skin cancer, the health risks posed by PBSA as an identified novel EDC are of concern. Although boiling has been thought to reduce the health risk of drinking water contamination, our findings suggest that boiling may have a more complex effect on the endocrine-disrupting activities of drinking water and, therefore, a more comprehensive assessment is needed. Full article
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18 pages, 4628 KiB  
Article
A Proof-of-Concept for a Hypolipidemic Brown Trout Model
by Tiago Lourenço, Eduardo Rocha, José Fernando Gonçalves, Maria João Rocha and Tânia Vieira Madureira
Toxics 2024, 12(3), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030219 - 15 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1642
Abstract
The impacts of hypolipidemic pharmaceuticals on fish lipid metabolism remain unexplored. However, data points to similar effects and mechanisms of action between fish and humans. Therefore, fish may be a strong model for screening hypolipidemic drug candidates and water pollution by lipid-modulating agents. [...] Read more.
The impacts of hypolipidemic pharmaceuticals on fish lipid metabolism remain unexplored. However, data points to similar effects and mechanisms of action between fish and humans. Therefore, fish may be a strong model for screening hypolipidemic drug candidates and water pollution by lipid-modulating agents. This study aimed to test a new hypolipidemic model assay with juvenile brown trout using atorvastatin (ATV)—a hypolipidemic chemical. We selected 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), known to cause hyperlipidemia in fish, to ensure model functionality. Fish received intramuscular injections of 4 μL/g for two weeks under the following experimental conditions: control—C (0.7% NaCl), solvent control—SC (0.7% NaCl, 0.9% ethanol, 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide), ATV (0.3 μg/g), EE2 (2 μg/g), and a mixture of both compounds—MIX (0.3 μg/g ATV and 2 μg/g EE2). Endpoints included blood lipid biochemistry, hepatic lipid droplet quantification, and liver mRNA expression of lipid-related target genes (related to lipogenesis, lipid transport, and β-oxidation pathways). ATV lowered blood total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels, whilst triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) were highest under EE2. Hepatic lipid droplet deposition significantly increased in the ATV, EE2, and MIX groups. ATV and MIX caused a significant downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (pparγ) and acetyl Co-A oxidase 3 (acox3). EE2 upregulated acyl-CoA long-chain synthetase 1 (acsl1) and downregulated both fatty acid binding protein 1 (fabp1) and acetyl Co-A oxidase 1-3I (acox1-3I). ATV caused hypolipidemic effects in juvenile brown trout and could even counteract EE2-stimulated hyperlipidemia, reinforcing the potential of fish hypo- and hyperlipidemic models. Full article
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Review

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22 pages, 5130 KiB  
Review
Integrated Assessment for the Estrogenic Effects of Pyrethroid Compounds: Defining the Molecular Initiating Events and Key Events for the Adverse Outcome Pathway
by Darlene Mae D. Ortiz, Juyoung Park, Handule Lee and Kwangsik Park
Toxics 2024, 12(3), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030218 - 15 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1437
Abstract
Pyrethroids, which are derived from natural insecticides found in chrysanthemum flowers, are widely utilized in various sectors, including agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and personal insect protection. Due to their widespread use, concerns have arisen regarding their potential estrogenic effects on female reproductive health. This [...] Read more.
Pyrethroids, which are derived from natural insecticides found in chrysanthemum flowers, are widely utilized in various sectors, including agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and personal insect protection. Due to their widespread use, concerns have arisen regarding their potential estrogenic effects on female reproductive health. This review aims to address data gaps and inconsistencies in previous studies by defining molecular initiating events and key events within the adverse outcome pathway associated with pyrethroid-induced estrogenic effects. To achieve this, we propose utilizing Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA), which incorporate in vitro assays and in vivo assessments to comprehensively investigate the estrogenic effects of pyrethroids. An initial search was conducted in the PubMed database to identify relevant articles. Subsequently, the findings were classified according to the IATA strategy. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of pyrethroids and their estrogenic effects, identifies data gaps, and highlights the use of IATA in existing studies on the estrogenic effects of various pyrethroids. It emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive research on the estrogenic effects of pyrethroids and highlights the importance of standardized testing methods like IATA to accurately assess their impact on human and environmental health. By promoting the use of Integrated Testing Strategies (ITSs) and addressing data gaps, researchers and regulators can enhance the accuracy of assessments, ensuring better protection of human and environmental health from the potential estrogenic effects of pyrethroid exposure. Full article
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