The Molecular Mechanism of the Interplay between Toxins Driven Microbiota Dysbiosis and Innate Immunity

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2018) | Viewed by 9302

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Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
Interests: cancer; oncology; multiple sclerosis; autoimmune diseases; immunology; chemokines; hematology; drug mechanisms of action (MOA)
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1.Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
2.Computational and Molecular Surgical Pathology. Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Interests: Computational Medicine; Oncology; Pathology; Bioinformatics; Mathematical Modelling of non-linear processes; Molecular and Cellular Immunology; Haematology; Personalised Medicine

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Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: diet; inflammation; colorectal cancer; adipose tissue; obesity; immune regulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gut microbiota is a key node that integrates a variety of signaling pathways, activated through environmental stimuli, such as diet, genetic, and epigenetic inputs that profoundly affect host metabolism, toxicity, and disease pathogenesis. There is considerable evidence suggesting that a complex interplay between microbiota and innate immunity may mediate development of chronic inflammation that precedes the development of numerous types of diseases. Inflammation and toxicity have been linked with increased DNA methylation in healthy tissues and chronic inflammation has been defined as “a truly epigenetic phenomenon”. Distinct epigenetic changes in various types of immune cells are frequently observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and these are associated with alterations in the phenotype, function, and trafficking patterns of these cells. Many of them, at least in the context of metabolic disorders, are linked to toxicity. Epigenetics alterations related to food components, metabolites and environmental factors have also been recognized as important mediators of inflammation and toxicity, with a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. An epigenetic dynamic drives gene transcription during the different phases of inflammation enabling to co-ordinately regulate the activity of toxic mediators at both molecular and cellular level. In this respect, the novel epigenetics and transcriptomics molecular technologies have provided unprecedented opportunity to achieve a wider picture, at multiple levels, allowing concrete advancements in the field. It cannot be denied that the study of transcriptomics and epigenetics provided important insights on the cellular pathways by which toxicity and pathology progress in several disorders, as well as highlighted novel therapeutic options.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the followings:

  • Role of microbiota toxins in epigenetic switches leading to complex immune diseases
  • The role of microbiota dysbiosis in innate immunity regulation.
  • Epigenetics and transcriptomics regulation of innate immune cells mediating the release of toxic mediators.
  • Classification and potential functions of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as mediators of toxicity and inflammation.
Dr. Azzam A. Maghazachi
Dr. Rifat Akram Hamoudi
Dr. Sandra Gessani
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Toxins
  • Microbiota, Dysbiosis
  • Inflammatory Mediators
  • Epigenetic
  • Innate Lymphoid Cells
  • Cancer
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Autoimmunity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review
Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) as Mediators of Inflammation, Release of Cytokines and Lytic Molecules
by Noha Mousaad Elemam, Suad Hannawi and Azzam A. Maghazachi
Toxins 2017, 9(12), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9120398 - 10 Dec 2017
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 8757
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging group of immune cells that provide the first line of defense against various pathogens as well as contributing to tissue repair and inflammation. ILCs have been classically divided into three subgroups based on their cytokine secretion [...] Read more.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an emerging group of immune cells that provide the first line of defense against various pathogens as well as contributing to tissue repair and inflammation. ILCs have been classically divided into three subgroups based on their cytokine secretion and transcription factor profiles. ILC nomenclature is analogous to that of T helper cells. Group 1 ILCs composed of natural killer (NK) cells as well as IFN-γ secreting ILC1s. ILC2s have the capability to produce TH2 cytokines while ILC3s and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTis) are subsets of cells that are able to secrete IL-17 and/or IL-22. A recent subset of ILC known as ILC4 was discovered, and the cells of this subset were designated as NK17/NK1 due to their release of IL-17 and IFN-γ. In this review, we sought to explain the subclasses of ILCs and their roles as mediators of lytic enzymes and inflammation. Full article
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