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Universe
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Planetary Radar Astronomy
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Planetary Radar Astronomy

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "Planetary Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2025 | Viewed by 2663

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chunyu Ding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Advance Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2. Institute of Moon–Base Exploration and Observation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Interests: planetary radar astronomy; lunar and planetary radar detection; astronomical technology and methods; lunar and deep space exploration; lunar and planetary science; evolution of surface processes of solar system objects
Prof. Dr. Yan Su

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Interests: radio astronomy; techniques and methods; lunar and planetary microwave detection; satellite communications; radar astronomy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Planetary Radar Astronomy is a discipline that utilizes radar electromagnetic waves to study celestial bodies both within and beyond the solar system. It primarily focuses on planets, Moons, and small objects within the solar system, such as Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto, and others. Furthermore, it can also be applied to the study of exoplanets and stars outside our solar system. Through the use of planetary electromagnetic wave detection, we gain a better understanding of the internal structures, compositions, distribution of water resources, magnetic fields, atmospheres, and other physical properties of extraterrestrial bodies. This holds significant importance for humanity's search for habitable environments in the solar system.

With development of the Planetary Radar Astronomy field has broadened the spectrum of observational techniques. Observations in the field of Planetary Radar Astronomy heavily rely on ground-based and space-based radar instruments. Over the past decade, with the advancement of deep space exploration, rover-based radar observations have gradually become an indispensable new tool in the field of Planetary Radar Astronomy. For instance, Chinese lunar exploration missions such as Chang'e-3, Chang'e-4, and Chang'e-5, the Mars mission Tianwen-1, and the Perseverance rover mission to Mars all carried in-situ radar instruments.

This special issue primarily caters to the fields of Planetary Radar Astronomy, lunar and planetary science, lunar and planetary radar detection, and radar observations carried by missions like Chang'e-3, Chang'e-4, Chang'e-5, Tianwen-1, and the Perseverance rover mission. It also encompasses radar observations of celestial bodies within and beyond the solar system. We welcome contributions related to these areas, and we are open to submissions on any relevant topics to radar astronomy.

Dr. Chunyu Ding
Prof. Dr. Yan Su
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radar astronomy
  • lunar and planetary science
  • lunar and planetary radar detection
  • lunar and deep space exploration
  • radar observations of planets within the solar system
  • radar observations of planets and stars outside the solar system
  • Chang’e-3/-4/-5, Tianwen-1 mission and perseverance rover mission

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 13555 KiB  
Review
Radar Observations of Liquid Water in the South Polar Region of Mars: Indications from Astrobiology Perspectives
by Junyi Zhou, Chunyu Ding, Siting Xiong, Yan Su, Jiawei Li, Mengna Chen and Shun Dai
Universe 2024, 10(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10010043 - 16 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2134
Abstract
In recent decades, extensive research has led to the understanding that Mars once hosted substantial liquid-water reserves. While the current Martian landscape boasts significant water-ice deposits at its North and South poles, the elusive presence of liquid-water bodies has remained undetected. A breakthrough [...] Read more.
In recent decades, extensive research has led to the understanding that Mars once hosted substantial liquid-water reserves. While the current Martian landscape boasts significant water-ice deposits at its North and South poles, the elusive presence of liquid-water bodies has remained undetected. A breakthrough occurred with the identification of radar-echo reflections at the base of the Martian South Pole, using MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding) in 2018. These radar echoes strongly suggest the presence of a highly concentrated liquid-water body. However, a counter-narrative has emerged, contending that the subterranean conditions beneath the ice cap, encompassing factors like temperature and pressure, may be inhospitable to liquid water. Consequently, alternative hypotheses posit that the observed bright echoes could be attributed to conductive minerals or water-absorbing clay-like materials. The ongoing discourse regarding the presence of liquid water beneath the southern polar ice cap is a hot topic in the realm of Martian exploration. The primary focus of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of Martian radar detection, the recent controversies regarding liquid water’s existence in the Martian South Pole, and the implications regarding the potential existence of Martian life forms in the water on Mars. The revelation of liquid water on Mars fundamentally suggests an environment conducive to the viability of Martian life, consequently furnishing invaluable insights for future exploratory endeavors in the pursuit of Martian biospheres. In addition, this paper anticipates the forthcoming research dedicated to Martian liquid water and potential life forms, while also underscoring the profound significance of identifying liquid water on Mars in propelling the field of astrobiology forward. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planetary Radar Astronomy)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: A Review of Pol-SAR Technology for Lunar Shallow Surface Analysis
Authors: Xu, Yi
Affiliation: Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao
Abstract: Polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar (Pol-SAR) is a powerful technique for studying planetary surfaces by inversing physical properties like dielectric constant, roughness, and scattering characteristics. SAR's active, high-resolution and day-and-night imaging capabilities enable observations that can enhance our understanding of the Moon's geologic structure and surface features. This paper reviews the working principles, data processing methods, and research outcomes of lunar Pol-SAR data. It covers the Pol-SAR payloads used in previous and ongoing lunar missions, inversion methods for deriving physical properties of the Moon's shallow surface layer, and the reliability of Pol-SAR for detecting lunar surface material’s properties. The paper also compares various classification methods and discusses their advantages, limitations, and remaining challenges in extracting the scattering mechanisms of the lunar weathering layer. Finally, it explores the future prospects of Pol-SAR in lunar exploration, highlighting its potential applications and contributions to advancing our knowledge of Moon surface.

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